| Northbrook Island | |
| Local Name: | остров Нортбрук |
| Location: | Arctic |
| Coordinates: | 79.9°N 50.9°W |
| Archipelago: | Franz Josef Archipelago |
| Area Km2: | 1050 |
| Length Km: | 22.4 |
| Width Km: | 19.2 |
| Elevation M: | 344 |
| Population: | 0 |
| Country: | Russia |
Northbrook Island (Russian: остров Нортбрук) is an island located in the southern edge of the Franz Josef Archipelago, Russia. Its highest point is 344 m above sea level.
Northbrook Island is one of the most accessible locations in the island group. Thus it often served as a base for polar expeditions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
The island was discovered in 1880 by English Arctic explorer Benjamin Leigh Smith.It was named after the Earl of Northbrook, who was president of the Royal Geographical Society from 1879 to 1880.[1] The naming of the island was partly due to the insistence of Nikolai Góring, who was among the Earl's entourage during his presidential term.
Cape Flora, located in an unglacierized area in the Southwest of Northbrook Island (79.95°N 55°W) camp is historically significant. Benjamin Leigh Smith was shipwrecked at Cape Flora in 1881. A chance encounter between explorers Fridtjof Nansen and Frederick George Jackson took place here in 1896. Jackson was leading the Jackson–Harmsworth expedition, based at Cape Flora, when this meeting occurred, on 17 June 1896.[2]
A cape to the north of the island, at 80°55'N, was named Cape Bruce, after British zoologist and oceanographer William Speirs Bruce, a member of the Jackson–Harmsworth expedition.[3] In 1904, coal was mined about 1500NaN0 up the slopes by explorers of the American Ziegler Polar expedition wintering over after their ship sank at Rudolf Island.
After a gruesome ordeal, navigator Valerian Albanov and sailor Alexander Konrad, the sole survivors of the ill-fated expedition of the, ended up on Cape Flora in 1914. Albanov and Konrad were ultimately rescued by the Svyatoy Foka as they were preparing for the winter.[4]
For a long time, Northbrook Island was thought to be a single entity. However during an archeological expedition on the icebreaker in 1985, Ratislav Gaidovskiy found that there was a narrow strait separating it into a large eastern part, and a smaller island, containing Cape Flora, to the west. The existence of this strait was confirmed in 2006 by Stanislav Rumyantsev on the icebreaker, in 2007 by Børge Ousland and Thomas Ulrich, and in 2012 by the crew of and . It is assumed that the islands were until recently linked by a tombolo that has since been washed away.[5]
Although various names have been suggested, the land to the west of the discovered strait is now officially called West Northbrook Island (остров Западный Нортбрук), the larger entity to the east is East Northbrook Island (остров Восточный Нортбрук).[6]