North York Explained

North York
Settlement Type:Dissolved city (lower-tier)
Image Blank Emblem:
Blank Emblem Type:Top: Emblem (1972–1985)
Bottom: Logo
(1985–1998)
Blank Emblem Size:100px
Nickname:The City with Heart
Motto:Progress With Economy
Coordinates:43.7619°N -79.4103°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Name:Canada
Subdivision Type1:Province
Subdivision Type2:Municipality
Subdivision Name1:Ontario
Subdivision Name2:Toronto
Established Title:Incorporated
Established Date:June 13, 1922 (Township)
January 1, 1967 (Borough)
February 14, 1979 (City)
January 1, 1998 (District of Toronto)
Established Title2:Changed Region
Established Date2:1953 Metropolitan Toronto from York County
Established Title3:Amalgamated
Established Date3:January 1, 1998 into Toronto
Leader Title:Councillors
Leader Name:Shelley Carroll, Mike Colle, Lily Cheng, Denzil Minnan-Wong, Frances Nunziata, James Pasternak, Anthony Perruzza, Jaye Robinson
Leader Title1:MPs
Leader Name1:Han Dong, Ali Ehsassi, Ahmed Hussen, Marco Mendicino, Rob Oliphant, Yasmin Ratansi, Ya'ara Saks, Judy Sgro
Area Total Km2:176.87
Population Total:869401
Population As Of:2016
Population Density Km2:4,915.5
Area Code:416, 647, and 437
Leader Title2:MPPs
Leader Name2:Michael Kerzner, Stan Cho, Michael Coteau, Faisal Hassan, Vincent Ke, Robin Martin, Tom Rakocevic, Stephanie Bowman

North York is a former township and city and is now one of the six administrative districts of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the northern area of Toronto, centred around Yonge Street, north of Ontario Highway 401. It is bounded by York Region to the north at Steeles Avenue, on the west by the Humber River, on the east by Victoria Park Avenue. Its southern boundary is erratic and corresponds to the northern boundaries of the former municipalities of Toronto: York, Old Toronto and East York. As of the 2016 Census, the district has a population of 644,685.[1]

North York was created as a township in 1922 out of the northern part of the former township of York, a municipality that was located along the western border of the-then City of Toronto. Following its inclusion in Metropolitan Toronto in 1953, it was one of the fastest-growing parts of Greater Toronto due to its proximity to Toronto. It was declared a borough in 1967, and later became a city in 1979, attracting high-density residences, rapid transit, and a number of corporate headquarters in North York City Centre, its planned central business district. In 1998, North York was dissolved as part of the amalgamation which created the new City of Toronto. It has since been a secondary economic hub of the city outside Downtown Toronto.

History

The was formed on June 13, 1922 out of the rural part of the Township of York. In the previous decade, the southern part of York, bordering the old City of Toronto had become increasingly urbanized while the northern portion remained rural farmland. The northern residents increasingly resented that they made up 20% of York's tax base while receiving few services and little representation in return, particularly after 1920 when their sole member on York's council, which was elected on an at-large basis, was defeated. Dairy farmer Robert Franklin Hicks organized with other farmers to petition the Ontario legislature to carve out what was then the portion of York Township north of Eglinton Avenue to create the separate township of North York.[2] With the support of the pro-farmer United Farmers of Ontario government, a plebiscite was organized and held and the 6,000 residents voted in favour of separating from York by margin of 393 votes.[3]

The township remained largely rural and agrarian until World War II. After the war, in the late 1940s and 1950s, a housing shortage led to the township becoming increasingly developed as a suburb of Toronto and a population boom. In 1953, the province federated 11 townships and villages with the Old City of Toronto, to become Metropolitan Toronto.

North York used to be known as a regional agricultural hub composed of scattered villages. The area boomed following World War II, and by the 1950s and 1960s, it resembled many other sprawling North American suburbs.

As North York became more populous, it became the in 1967, and then on February 14, 1979, the . To commemorate receiving its city charter on Valentine's Day, the city's corporate slogan was "The City with Heart".[4]

North York was amalgamated into Toronto on January 1, 1998. It now forms the largest part of the area served by the "North York Community Council", a committee of Toronto City Council.

Incidents

On August 10, 2008, a massive propane explosion occurred at the Sunrise Propane Industrial Gases propane facility just southwest of the Downsview Airport. This destroyed the depot and damaged several homes nearby. About 13,000 residents were evacuated for several days before being allowed back home. One employee at the company was killed in the blast and one firefighter died while attending to the scene of the accident.[5] A follow-up investigation to the incident made several recommendations concerning propane supply depots. It asked for a review of setback distances between depots and nearby residential areas but did not call for restrictions on where they can be located.[6] [7] [8] [9] [10]

Canada's deadliest pedestrian attack occurred in the North York City Centre district on April 23, 2018 when a van collided with numerous pedestrians killing 10 and injuring 16 others on Yonge Street between Finch and Sheppard Avenues.[11] [12]

Demographics

North York is highly multicultural and diverse.

Ethnic groups in North York (2016)
Population %
349,150
123,280
85,115
84,415
75,995
49,060
35,840
7,035
Other 4,165
Total population 869,401
Top Ten Mother Tongue Languages[13]
Mother Tongue Languages Population Percentage
English 280,320 43.9%
Mandarin 40,125 6.3%
30,465 4.8%
Tagalog (Pilipino, Filipino) 28,810 4.5%
Cantonese 27,665 4.3%
Russian 20,320 3.2%
Korean 19,265 3.0%
Spanish 16,220 2.5%
Italian 15,440 2.4%
Urdu 10,325 1.6%
Others 123,895 19.4%
Multiple Responses 25,255 4.0%

Economy

The district's central business district is known as North York Centre, which was the location of the former city's government and major corporate headquarters. North York Centre continues to be one of Toronto's major corporate areas with many office buildings and businesses. The former city hall of North York, the North York Civic Centre, is located within North York City Centre.

Downsview Airport, near Sheppard and Allen Road, employs 1,800 workers.[14] Downsview Airport will be the location of the Centennial College Aerospace campus, a $60 million investment from the Government of Ontario and Government of Canada. Private partners include Bombardier, Honeywell, MDA Corporation, Pratt & Whitney Canada, Ryerson University, Sumitomo Precision Products Canada Aircraft, Inc. and UTC Aerospace Systems.[15]

Flemingdon Park, located near Eglinton and Don Mills, is an economic hub located near the busy Don Valley Parkway and busy Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) routes. McDonald's Canada and Celestica are located in this area, and Foresters Insurance has a major office tower and Bell Canada has a data centre. The Concorde Corporate Centre has 550000ft2 of leasable area and is 85% occupied with tenants such as Home Depot Canada, Sport Alliance of Ontario, Toronto-Dominion Bank, Esri Canada and Deloitte. Home Depot's Canadian head office is located in Flemingdon Park.[16]

North York houses two of Toronto's five major shopping malls: the Yorkdale Shopping Centre and Fairview Mall. Other neighbourhood malls locations include Centerpoint Mall, Bayview Village, Sheridan Mall, Yorkgate Mall, Shops at Don Mills, Steeles West Market Mall, Jane Finch Mall and Sheppard Centre.

Health care is another major industry in North York, with the district housing several major hospitals, including the North York General Hospital, Humber River Hospital and the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.

Education

Prior to 1998, the North York Board of Education and Conseil des écoles françaises de la communauté urbaine de Toronto operated English and French public secular schools in North York, while the Metropolitan Separate School Board operated English and French public separate schools for North York pupils. Today, four public school boards operate primary and secondary institutions in the former city:

CSV and TDSB operate as secular public school boards, the former operating French first language institution, whereas the latter operated English first language institutions. The other two school boards, CSCM and TCDSB, operate as public separate school boards, the former operating French first language separate schools, the latter operating English first language separate schools. All four public school boards are headquartered within North York. In addition to primary and secondary schools, several post-secondary institutions were established in North York. York University is a university that was established in 1959. The university operates two campuses in North York, the Keele campus located in the north, and Glendon College, a bilingual campus operated by the university. There are also two colleges that operate campuses in North York. Seneca College was established in North York in 1967, and presently operates several campuses throughout North York, and Greater Toronto. One of Centennial College's campuses are also located in North York, known as the Downsview Park Aerospace Campus.

Governance

North York is a district of the City of Toronto, and is represented by councillors elected to the Toronto City Council, members elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, as well as members elected to the Parliament of Canada. North York Civic Centre is presently used by North York's community council and other city departments servicing North York.

Prior to North York's amalgamation with Toronto in 1998, North York operated as a lower-tier municipality within the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. The municipality operated its own municipal council, the North York City Council, and met at the North York Civic Centre prior to the municipality's dissolution. The following is a list of reeves (1922–1966) and mayors (1967–1997) of North York.

Reeves and mayors

Board of Control

North York had a Board of Control from 1964 until it was abolished with the 1988 election and replaced by directly elected Metro Councillors. The Board of Control consisted of four Controllers elected at large and the mayor and served as the executive committee of North York Council. Controllers concurrently sat on Metropolitan Toronto Council

Names in indicate Controllers that were or became Mayor of North York in other years.X = elected as Controller
A = appointed Controller to fill a vacancy
M = sitting as Reeve or Mayor

Elections to the Board of Control for North York (1964-1985)
Controller 1985
MM
X X
Irving Paisley X XX
Frank Watson X X
X X M
Paul Hunt X X
XMMMMMMM
John BoothX
AX
John Williams X
Alex McGivern XX
XXX XX
AX XX
Joseph Markin X
X X XXX
Ron Summers X
X X XXX
XX
X
A
Booth died in 1970 and was replaced by Paul Godfrey who served out the balance of his term.[37] Godfrey was reelected in 1972, but resigned when he was elected Metro Chairman in 1973 following the death of Metro Chairman Albert Campbell. North York Council elected Alderman William Sutherland to replace Godfrey on the Board of Control on July 23, 1973.[38]

Shiner died on 19 December 1987. Councillor Mario Gentile was appointed to the Board of Control in February 1988 to fill Shiner's seat.[39]

Media

Recreation

Museums

North York is home to several museums including the (now closed) Canadian Air and Space Museum (formerly the Toronto Aerospace Museum) in Downsview Park. The closed museum was relocated to Edenvale, Ontario in 2019 (northwest of Barrie) and opened and renamed as the "Canadian Air and Space Conservancy".[41] North York is also home to a number of interactive museums, including Black Creek Pioneer Village, an authentic nineteenth-century village and a living museum, the Ontario Science Centre is an interactive science museum, and the Aga Khan Museum, which includes a collection of Islamic art from the Middle-East and Northern Africa.

Sports

An aircraft manufacturing facility and a former military base are located in the Downsview neighbourhood. With the end of the Cold War, much of the land was transformed into a large park now called Downsview Park. Located within the park is the Downsview Park Sports Centre, a 45000m2 multi-purpose facility built by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment (MLSE), owners of Toronto FC, of Major League Soccer. MLSE invested $26 million to build the Kia Training Ground, the state-of-the-art practice facility for Toronto FC. Volleyball Canada made Downsview Park its headquarters and training facility.

There are a multitude of sports clubs based in North York including the North York Storm, a girls' hockey league, Gwendolen Tennis Club, and the North York Aquatic Club, which was founded in 1958 as the North York Lions Swim Club.[42] The Granite Club, located at Bayview and Lawrence, is an invitation-only athletic club. In 2012, the club made a major expansion in North York for their members.

The Oakdale Golf & Country Club is a private, parkland-style golf and tennis club located in North York. It hosted the 2023 Canadian Open, and will host the tournament again in 2026.[43] [44]

The North York Ski Centre at Earl Bales Park is one of the only urban ski centres of its kind in Canada. After several incidents involving failures of the club's two-person chairlift incited talks of closing the ski centre, the city revitalized the facilities with a new four-person chairlift. Sports clubs based in North York include:

Transportation

Several major controlled-access highways pass through North York, including Highway 400, Highway 401, Highway 404, Allen Road, and the Don Valley Parkway. The former three controlled access highways are operated by the province as 400-series highways, whereas the latter two roadways are managed by the City of Toronto. The section of Highway 401 which traverses North York is the busiest section of freeway in North America, exceeding 400,000 vehicles per day,[55] [56] and one of the widest.[57] [58] Public transportation in North York is primarily provided by the Toronto Transit Commission's (TTC) bus or subway system. Two lines of the Toronto subway have stations in North York, the Line 1 Yonge–University, and Line 4 Sheppard. Finch station, the terminus of the Yonge Street branch of the Yonge–University line, is the busiest TTC bus station and the sixth-busiest subway station, serving around 97,460 people per day. The Line 4 Sheppard subway which runs from its intersection with the Yonge-University line at Sheppard Avenue easterly to Fairview Mall at Don Mills Road, is entirely in North York, averaging around 55,000 riders per day. Line 5 Eglinton is a light rail line that is under construction and will traverse through the southeast portion of North York. Line 6 Finch West is another line under construction and will traverse through the northwestern portion of North York. The Ontario Line is expected to have two stops in North York, Science Centre and Flemingdon Park. The intersection of York Mills and Yonge, located next to York Mills station is home to an office and a TTC commuter parking lot, which was sold for $25 million. A $300-million project is expected to create about 300 jobs and bring a new hotel, perhaps a four star Marriott, to the intersection.[59]

In addition to the TTC, other public transit services that may be accessed from North York include GO Transit, and York Region Transit. GO Transit provides access to commuter rail and bus services to communities throughout Greater Toronto. Both services may be accessed at GO or TTC stations located in North York.

Notable residents

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: North York - City of Toronto Community Council Area Profiles . October 10, 2022 . March 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230307104953/https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/9710-City_Planning_2016_Census_Profile_2018_CCA_NorthYork.pdf . live .
  2. Book: Kennedy . Scott . Willowdale: Yesterday's Farms, Today's Legacy . November 11, 2013 . Dundurn . 978-1-4597-1751-0 . en . December 25, 2020 . March 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230307104851/https://books.google.com/books?id=2zZK6oLBfG8C . live .
  3. Web site: Opinion | Overtaxed and underserviced, North York broke away from Toronto in 1922. July 13, 2018. August 4, 2021. August 4, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210804015119/https://www.toronto.com/opinion-story/8738110-overtaxed-and-underserviced-north-york-broke-away-from-toronto-in-1922/. live.
  4. Web site: Progress, Economy & Heart – North York Grows Up . City of Toronto . January 10, 2024 . November 28, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231128232332/https://www.toronto.ca/explore-enjoy/history-art-culture/online-exhibits/web-exhibits/web-exhibits-community-neighbourhoods/progress-economy-heart-celebrating-100-years-of-north-york/progress-economy-heart-north-york-grows-up/ . live .
  5. https://www.ctvnews.ca/thousands-returning-home-after-massive-t-o-fire-1.315011 Thousands returning home after massive T.O. fire.
  6. https://toronto.ctvnews.ca/boost-hazard-distance-at-propane-depots-report-1.340958 Boost 'hazard distance' at propane depots: report.
  7. News: Residents 'Very Lucky' After Massive Explosion At Propane Facility Sparks Huge Evacuation. August 10, 2008. CityNews. https://web.archive.org/web/20080813014807/http://www.citynews.ca/news/news_25611.aspx . August 13, 2008. live.
  8. News: Thousands returning home after massive T.O. fire. CTV. https://web.archive.org/web/20080819170947/http://www.ctv.ca/servlet/ArticleNews/story/CTVNews/20080810/to_explo_080810/20080810?hub=TopStories . August 19, 2008. live.
  9. News: Residents return after blast. Toronto Star. August 11, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20131226092723/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2008/08/11/residents_return_after_blast.html . December 26, 2013. live.
  10. News: 401 reopens - finally. Toronto Star. August 10, 2008. https://web.archive.org/web/20080811050455/https://www.thestar.com/News/GTA/article/475759 . August 11, 2008.
  11. Web site: Toronto Van Plows Along Sidewalk, Killing 10 in 'Pure Carnage' . Ian . Austen . Liam . Stack . 23 April 2018 . April 23, 2018 . . May 11, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190511020925/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/23/world/toronto-van.html . live .
  12. Web site: All 10 of those killed in Toronto van attack identified. CBC. May 4, 2018. May 3, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180503100422/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/van-attack-victims-identified-1.4638102?. live.
  13. Web site: North York- City of Toronto Community Council Area Profiles (2016 Census) . The City Planning Division of City of toronto . 10 October 2022 . March 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230307104953/https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/9710-City_Planning_2016_Census_Profile_2018_CCA_NorthYork.pdf . live .
  14. Web site: Queen. Lisa. Aerospace campus for Downsview Park?. Inside Toronto. April 18, 2012. Metroland Media. March 5, 2015. April 2, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402171746/http://www.insidetoronto.com/news-story/76878-aerospace-campus-for-downsview-park-/. live.
  15. Web site: Arnaud-Gaudet. Nicolas. Centennial College To Build Aerospace Campus at Downsview Park. Urban Toronto. March 6, 2015. March 31, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150331122312/http://urbantoronto.ca/news/2015/02/centennial-college-build-aerospace-campus-downsview-park. live.
  16. Web site: Concorde Corporate Centre. Artis REIT. March 15, 2015. April 2, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150402234219/http://www.artisreit.com/office/concorde-corporate-centre/. live.
  17. News: Children get history lesson as park plaque unveiled . November 8, 2020 . North York Mirror . December 9, 2010 . November 13, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20201113151904/https://www.toronto.com/community-story/58839-children-get-history-lesson-as-park-plaque-unveiled/ . live .
  18. "Model T powered North York revolt" by Harold Hilliard, Toronto Star, 16 July 1985, pg 18, via ProQuest
  19. "Quintette of solid men in council of North York", Toronto Daily Star, 23 January 1928, pg 20 via ProQuest
  20. "Industrial Feudalism Seen As Great Peril", Toronto Daily Star, 7 November 1933, pg 20 via ProQuest
  21. Earl Rowe Is Prospective Leader of Conservatives, Toronto Daily Star, 30 July 1934, pg 14
  22. Web site: Plaque celebrates history of John Bales House. April 8, 2015. June 28, 2021. June 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210628044623/https://www.toronto.com/news-story/5546054-plaque-celebrates-history-of-john-bales-house/. live.
  23. "The dirty thirties: $6.33 a week to feed 4" by Harold Hilliard, Toronto Star, 15 March 1988, pg N12, via ProQuest
  24. Names that grace parks, Toronto Star, 5 September 2000, pg B3, via ProQuest
  25. "York North Is Riding of Political Changes", Globe and Mail, 2 June 1948, pg 4, via ProQuest
  26. "Post-war rush ended rural air of North York", Toronto Star, 23 April 1985, pg M16
  27. "Former reecr in North York fought merger", Globe and Mail, 30 April 1973, pg 2, via ProQuest
  28. "McMahon, Frederick Joseph", Toronto Star (1971-2009); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]07 Mar 1988: C10., "McMahon defeats Boylen in N. York", Toronto Daily Star (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]02 Dec 1952: 22., "York Centre: Reeve and Deputy Vie for Seat in New Riding", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]02 June 1955: 4, "3 Big Issues in North York Election, The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]02 Dec 1950: 4., "Lawyer Provides Upset: 3-Time North York Reeve Beaten", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]02 Dec 1952: C5., "Mayors, Reeves Happy, Yet Fearful Suburbs May Be Rubber Stamps", by Alden Baker, The Globe and Mail, 22 Jan 1953: 9, "North York Nearly Bankrupt, Metro Saved It, Reeve Says", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]18 Jan 1955: 4, "Acclaim McMahon In North York; Race for Council", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]24 Nov 1953: 5., "Fred McMahon Is Re-elected N. York Reeve", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]06 Dec 1955: 13, "Vote 3-to-2 to Appeal Ruling on Fluoridation", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]28 Mar 1956: 5., Canadian Press (1955-06-10)., "Reeve Retires After 4 Years In North York", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]14 Sep 1956: 5., "Ratepayers Ask Probe On Land Deal Charge", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]17 June 1960: 9, "North York Officials Confer on Land Sale", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]18 June 1960: 4
  29. Book: Vallee, Brian . Edwin Alonzo Boyd: The Story of the Notorious Boyd Gang . 2011-12-14 . Doubleday Canada . 978-0-385-67439-3 . en . March 24, 2023 . May 13, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230513070134/https://books.google.com/books?id=UKndlubrPA4C&dq=%22edwin+alonzo+boyd%22+mcmahon&pg=PT511 . live .
  30. "3 made provincial judges to ease Metro workload", Toronto Daily Star (1900-1971); Toronto, Ontario [Toronto, Ontario]20 Sep 1969: A2., "Just rewards:: Metro councillors go on to bigger and better things", by Alden Baker, The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]19 July 1976: 5.
  31. Web site: 2009-10-05 . Norman Goodhead, 92: Former North York reeve . 2023-10-26 . Toronto Star . en . October 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231026083200/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/norman-goodhead-92-former-north-york-reeve/article_557a1f72-89d7-554c-aece-c4cd7afbdd13.html . live .
  32. Web site: 2009-10-06 . Former reeve Norman Goodhead dies . 2023-10-26 . Toronto.com . en . October 26, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20231026083234/https://www.toronto.com/news/former-reeve-norman-goodhead-dies/article_67a78c59-b170-55e3-87e8-0cda3c816712.html . live .
  33. "Candidates for Mayor", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]02 Dec 1966: 12., "James Ditson Service 1926-2014", Toronto Star (2010 - Recent); Toronto, Canada [Toronto, Canada]06 Aug 2014: GT7., "Service still wants sportsdome: A family decision", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]22 Oct 1969: 5, "Lombardi buys out Service", Staff. The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]18 June 1970: 10., "Mayors ain't what they used to be": [1 Edition] Toronto Star; Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]26 Jan 1999: 1. "MUNICIPAL AFFAIRS: James Service: a mandate for change in North York", Godfrey, Scott. The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]23 Jan 1965: 9.,
  34. Web site: 2017-09-18 . Resources on Former Municipalities . 2023-10-26 . City of Toronto . en-CA . June 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210621202937/https://www.toronto.ca/city-government/accountability-operations-customer-service/access-city-information-or-records/city-of-toronto-archives/using-the-archives/research-by-topic/resources-on-former-municipalities/ . live .
  35. "They'd pave paradise", The Globe and Mail; Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]12 Dec 1981: F.3., "High-density project for Yonge-Sheppard gets OMB approval", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]23 Jan 1971: 5.,"Service cleans out the office of mayor", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]25 Dec 1969: 8, "Service's North York tower approved", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]05 Feb 1977: 5, "FROM THE ARCHIVES", The Globe and Mail; Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]25 June 1994: A.2., "Where are they now? BUZZIE BAVASI Baseball" Patton, Paul. The Globe and Mail; Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]20 Feb 1988: C.7., "North York names 17 io work toward dome, major-league teams", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]01 Apr 1970: 31, "In 1540 Slot: Lombardi Approved In Radio Proposal", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]25 June 1965: 15.,"Lombardi keeps CHIN frequency", The Globe and Mail (1936-2016); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]07 Nov 1970: 29
  36. "Former mayor promoter of downtown North York". Globe and Mail. April 28, 1990., "Obituary: North York ex-mayor Basil Hall". Toronto Star. April 27, 1990., "Candidates for Controller". Globe and Mail. December 2, 1966.,"Hall has back-scratching society, Liberals say: Only one question in North York mayoral race: how can Barbaro win?". Globe and Mail. November 25, 1969., "Hall sees victory as party repudiation". Globe and Mail. December 2, 1969., "Mayor suggests Spadina extension to Gardiner: Hall, an expressway booster, inaugurated in North York". Globe and Mail. January 6, 1970.,"'Not pussy-footing,' North York decides". Globe and Mail. September 12, 1972.
  37. "Godfrey captures vacant seat on North York Board of Control", The Globe and Mail (1936-Current); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]26 Sep 1970
  38. "North York vacancy filled by Sutherland" The Globe and Mail (1936-Current); Toronto, Ont. [Toronto, Ont]24 July 1973: 5
  39. "North York seeks councillor to fill seat that Gentile vacated", Toronto Star, 2 February 1988
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  41. Web site: Canada Aviation and Space Museum . September 27, 2017 . Government of Canada . October 22, 2021 . October 22, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211022192618/https://www.canada.ca/en/canadian-heritage/services/teacher-resources/school-programs/aviation-space-museum.html . live .
  42. https://issuu.com/csca.org/docs/2010-2011-nyac-handbook-02 2010-2011 NYAC Handbook
  43. Web site: Oakdale Golf & Country Club to host 2023 & 2026 RBC Canadian Open . Golf Canada . May 19, 2021 . June 7, 2023 . June 9, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230609220942/https://www.golfcanada.ca/articles/oakdale-golf-country-club-to-host-2023-2026-rbc-canadian-open/ . live .
  44. News: Canadian Open to be held at Toronto's Oakdale Golf and Country Club in 2023, 2026 . June 15, 2023 . . May 19, 2021 . June 7, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230607021539/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/golf/rbc-canadian-open-held-oakldale-golf-country-club-2023-1.6032955 . live .
  45. Web site: York9 FC - Our Stadium . February 24, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190215155952/https://york9fc.canpl.ca/our-stadiums . February 15, 2019 . dead .
  46. Web site: USL League One - Toronto FC II Schedule . February 24, 2020 . March 18, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200318205647/https://www.uslleagueone.com/toronto-fc-ii-schedule . live .
  47. http://www.northyorkastros.ca North York Astros
  48. http://www.northyorkstorm.com North York Storm
  49. http://www.nyac.on.ca North York Aquatic Club
  50. Web site: North York Fire Basketball . April 28, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080916165614/http://www.firebasketball.ca/ . September 16, 2008 . dead . mdy-all .
  51. Web site: North York Hockey League . September 10, 2008 . September 14, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080914010026/http://nyhl.on.ca/ . live .
  52. Web site: North York Hearts Azzurri Soccer Club . February 9, 2009 . March 2, 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090302002157/http://heartssoccer.com/ . live .
  53. Web site: North York Baseball Association . November 17, 2011 . April 25, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120425231143/http://www.nyba.ca/ . live .
  54. Web site: Hayabusakan Judo . March 15, 2015 . April 2, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150402171614/http://hayabusatorontojudo.com/ . live .
  55. Web site: Carmageddon: the world's busiest roads . Allen . Paddy . The Guardian . Guardian News & Media Ltd. . July 11, 2011 . July 11, 2014 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140715003135/http://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2011/jul/11/cars-busiest-roads-i405-interactive . July 15, 2014.
  56. Long-Life Concrete Pavements in Europe and Canada . Hanna . Maier . Federal Highway Administration . October 9, 2007 . Chapter 2 . May 1, 2010 . The key high-volume highways in Ontario are the 400-series highways in the southern part of the province. The most important of these is the 401, the busiest highway in North America, with average annual daily traffic (AADT) of more than 425,000 vehicles in 2004 and daily traffic sometimes exceeding 500,000 vehicles. . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20100527124628/http://international.fhwa.dot.gov/pubs/pl07027/llcp_07_02.cfm . May 27, 2010.
  57. Ontario government investing $401 million to upgrade Highway 401 . Canadian NewsWire . Ministry of Transportation of Ontario . August 6, 2002 . Highway 401 is one of the busiest highways in the world and represents a vital link in Ontario's transportation infrastructure, carrying more than 400,000 vehicles per day through Toronto..
  58. Web site: The Post-Carbon Highway . Geoffrey . Thün . Kathy . Velikov . Alphabet City . January 2, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100705130628/http://alphabet-city.org/issues/fuel/articles/the-post-carbon-highway . July 5, 2010 . It is North America's busiest highway, and one of the busiest in the world. The section of Highway 401 that cuts across the northern part of Toronto has been expanded to eighteen lanes, and typically carries 420,000 vehicles a day, rising to 500,000 at peak times, as compared to 380,000 on the I-405 in Los Angeles or 350,000 on the I-75 in Atlanta (Gray)..
  59. News: Pigg. Susan. York Mills TTC parking lot slated for hotel, office complex. Toronto Star. January 14, 2015. Torstar. April 10, 2015. June 15, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180615032209/https://www.thestar.com/business/2015/01/14/york-mills-ttc-parking-lot-slated-for-hotel-office-complex.html. live.

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