North Korea–Turkey relations explained

North Korea–Turkey relations (Korean:뛰르끼예-조선민주주의 인민공화국 관계) are the foreign relations between North Korea and Turkey. The Turkish ambassador in Seoul is accredited to North Korea.^[1] North Korea's ambassador in Sofia, Bulgaria is accredited to Turkey.

Diplomatic relations

Early contacts between the Koreans and Turks can be traced back to antiquity, when the Göktürks had supported ancient Goguryeo, a Korean kingdom, during their expansion and also assisted them against Tang Chinese forces. As both Göktürks and Goguryeo were threatened by the Tang dynasty of China, they formed a political, economic, and military alliance.^{[2] [3] [4]} Göktürk soldiers assisted Goguryeo in many battles, including in the war against Silla, another Korean kingdom, and Tang China; this alliance went on extended to the Balhae as well.^{[5] [6] [7]} Commerce and correspondence was also maintained through the ancient Silk Road after a part of the ancient Oghuz Turks migrated westward and settled in the lands of Anatolia (today Turkey).^[8]

Until 2001,^[9] North Korea's post-World War II policy toward Turkey was mainly aimed at minimizing cooperation between Turkey and South Korea.^[10] In a quest to end its diplomatic and economic isolation,^[11] North Korea established diplomatic relations on June 27, 2001.

When the Bush administration determined that North Korea was in violation of the 1994 agreement on North Korea's nuclear weapons program,^{[12] [13]} bilateral relations between the two nations have been very limited.

Economic relations

• Trade volume between the two countries was negligible in 2019.

See also

• Foreign relations of North Korea
• Foreign relations of Turkey
• South Korea–Turkey relations

Notes and References

1. Web site: Relations between Turkey and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey.
2. http://www.kabataseastasia.org/Korea--Turkey-y1496.html Korea & Turkey
3. http://www.korea.net/NewsFocus/History/view?articleId=144140 Gyebaek (계백, 階伯) (d. 660)
4. http://www.fatihoztarsu.com/tarihin-en-sasirtici-savasi-salsu-zaferi-ve-turk-kore-dostlugunun-temelleri.html Tarihin En Şaşırtıcı Savaşı: Salsu Zaferi ve Türk-Kore Dostluğunun Temelleri
5. https://books.google.com/books?id=46OTBQAAQBAJ&q=g%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrk+and+goguryeo+relation&pg=PA64 Korean History in Maps
6. https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2016/11/162_217624.html Turkish-Korean brotherhood
7. http://www.theasian.asia/archives/96922 Second Forum of “Gokturk and Goguryeo Relations” in Seoul
8. http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170717000755 Turkish art shines light on ties with Korea
9. A Comprehensive Handbook on Korea: Korea Annual 2004. 41st ed. Seoul: Yonhap News Agency, 2003.
10. Yun, Dae-Ho. North Korea s Foreign Policy. Seoul: Research Center for Peace and Unification of Korea, 1991.
11. Noland, Marcus. "Life Inside North Korea." Testimony before U.S. Congress, Senate, Committee on Foreign Relations, Subcommittee on East Asian and Pacific Affairs, June 5, 2003. http://foreignsenate.gov/testimony/2003/NolandTestimony030605.pdf.
12. United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. North Korea: Status Report on Nuclear Program, Humanitarian Issues, and Economic Reforms. 108th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, DC: GPO, 2004. http://foreign.senate.gov/testimony/2004/ DPRKTripReport.pdf.
13. Wit, Joel, Daniel Poneman, and Robert Gallucci. Going Critical: The First North Korean Nuclear Crisis. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 2004.