North Carolina General Assembly of 1868–1869 explained

78th North Carolina General Assembly (18681869)
Term:18681869
Membership1:43 Senators
Control1:Republican
Chamber1 Leader1 Type:Lieutenant Governor/President of the Senate
Chamber1 Leader2 Type:President pro tem
Chamber1 Leader3 Type:Clerk
Chamber1 Leader3:T. A. Brynes
Chamber1 Leader4 Type:Clerk pro tem
Chamber1 Leader4:William M. Barrow
Chamber1 Leader5 Type:Doorkeeper
Chamber1 Leader5:J. T. Ball
Membership2:120 Delegates
Control2:Republican
Chamber2 Leader1 Type:Speaker
Chamber2 Leader3 Type:Clerk
Chamber2 Leader3:John H. Bonner
Chamber2 Leader2 Type:Speaker pro tem
Chamber2 Leader2:Jacob W. Bowman
Chamber2 Leader4 Type:Doorkeeper
Chamber2 Leader5 Type:Assistant Doorkeeper
Session1 Start:November 16, 1868
Session1 End:April 12, 1869
Session2 Start:July 1, 1868
Session2 End:August 24, 1868

The North Carolina General Assembly of 18681869 met in Raleigh from November 16, 1868, to April 12, 1869, with a special session from July 1, 1868, to August 24, 1868. This was the first assembly to meet after the approval of the new Constitution of North Carolina in 1868. As prescribed in this constitution, the assembly consisted of the 120 members in the North Carolina House of Representatives and 43 senators in the North Carolina Senate elected by the voters on August 6, 1868. This assembly was in control of the Republican Party and was dominated by reconstruction era politics.[1] [2] [3] [4]

Changes in assembly from the North Carolina Constitution of 1868

The Constitution of North Carolina was rewritten at the North Carolina Constitutional Convention of 1868, which met in Raleigh from January 14 to March 17, 1868. The House of Commons was renamed the House of Representatives. The new constitution spelled out that the legislature would convene annually on the third Monday in November. The number of senators was set as 50. There would be one or two senators for each district composed of one or more counties. The boundaries of the districts would be re-evaluated in 1871 after the federal census. A state census was required every 10 years, beginning in 1875. This census would be used to re-evaluate the districts, so that an approximate equal number of residents would be included in each district. The House of Representatives was set at 120 members. Each county would have at least one representative and some counties would have up to four representatives, based on population. The population would not include non-taxed Indians or aliens. Elections would be held the first Thursday of August. The terms of the members of the house and senate would commence when elected and continue till the next election.[5]

The lieutenant governor was designated as the President of the Senate, albeit without a vote unless there was a tie vote. A president pro temp would be elected by the senators to serve in the absence of the lieutenant governor.[6]

The 1868 Constitution included provisions to establish public education for the first time, prohibit slavery, and adopt universal suffrage. It also provided for public welfare institutions for the first time: orphanages, public charities and a penitentiary.[7]

In January 1868, at the same time as the Constitutional Convention, a Black Caucus came together in Raleigh. Many of these members would be elected to the 1860 General Assembly.[8]

In April 1868, voters of North Carolina ratified the new constitution.[9]

Legislation

This assembly met in regular session from November 16, 1868, to April 12, 1869. They met in an extra session from July 1, 1868, to August 24, 1868. The assembly ratified the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, as required by the United States Congress, on July 4, 1868. Ratification of the Fourteenth amendment readmitted North Carolina to the United States. This assembly also ratified the Fifteenth Amendment. In anticipation of readmission to the U.S. Congress, on June 25, 1868, the assembly elected John Pool of Elizabeth City and Joseph Carter Abbott of Wilmington to the United States Senate. The state's first public school systems, one for blacks and one for whites, was created by this assembly. Funding for the first state penitentiary, Central Prison was authorized by this legislature.

Every Southern state subsidized railroads, which modernizers believed could haul the South out of isolation and poverty. Millions of dollars in bonds and subsidies were fraudulently pocketed. One ring in North Carolina spent $200,000 in bribing the legislature and obtained millions in state money for its railroads. Instead of building new track, however, it used the funds to speculate in bonds, reward friends with extravagant fees, and enjoy lavish trips to Europe.[10]

For additional details on legislation, see Legislative Documents.

Assembly membership

This was the first assembly that Blacks were represented in the assembly, including three Black senators and 18 representatives in the House of Representatives.

House of Representatives members

The House of Representative delegates elected a speaker (Joseph W. Holden, William A. Moore), clerk, assistant clerk (John H. Boner), doorkeeper, and assistant doorkeeper. Alleghany, Clay, Mitchell, Polk, Transylvania, and Wilson counties sent delegates to the assembly for the first time. The following delegates to the House of Representatives were elected by the voters of North Carolina to represent each county and district:[11]

CountyNo of County
Delegates
Name
Alamance1data-sort-value="Moore, John A."John A. Moore
Alexander1data-sort-value="Matheson, Robert P."Robert P. Matheson
Alleghany1data-sort-value="Smith, John L."John L. Smith
Anson1data-sort-value="Ingram, D."D. Ingram
Ashe1data-sort-value="Carson, Matthew"Matthew Carson
Beaufort1data-sort-value="Stilley, Hiram E."Hiram E. Stilley
Bertie1data-sort-value="Robbins, Parker David"Parker David Robbins[12]
Bladen1data-sort-value="Foster, F.W."F. W. Foster
Brunswick1data-sort-value="Morrell, B.T."B. T. Morrell
Buncombe1data-sort-value="Candler, William"William Gaston Candler
Burke1data-sort-value="Sudderth, John R."John R. Sudderth
Cabarrus1data-sort-value="Gibson, John P."John P. Gibson
Caldwell1data-sort-value="Harper, James C."James C. Harper[13]
Caldwell1data-sort-value="Malone, W. H."W. H. Malone[14]
Camden1data-sort-value="Ferebee, W.B."W. B. Ferebee
Carteret1data-sort-value="Davis, Joel Henry"Joel Henry Davis
Caswell2data-sort-value="Long, William"William Long[15]
Caswell2data-sort-value="Cary, Wilson "Wilson Cary[16]
Caswell2data-sort-value="Hodnett, Philip "Philip Hodnett
Catawba1data-sort-value="Ellis, James R."James R. Ellis
Chatham2data-sort-value="Gunter, William T."William T. Gunter
Chatham2data-sort-value="Long, James B."James B. Long
Cherokee1data-sort-value="Simonds, J.R."J. R. Simonds
Chowan1data-sort-value="Moore, William A."William A. Moore
Clay1data-sort-value="Hicks, John O."John O. Hicks
Cleveland1data-sort-value="Durham, Plato D"Plato Durham
Columbus 2data-sort-value="High, Daniel P."Daniel P. High
Craven3data-sort-value="Morris, B.W."B.W. Morris
Craven3data-sort-value="Seymour, Augustus S."Augustus S. Seymour
Craven3data-sort-value="Stevens, A. W."A. W. Stevens
Cumberland2data-sort-value="Leary, John S."John S. Leary
Cumberland2data-sort-value="Sweat, Isham "Isham Sweat
Currituck1data-sort-value="Humphries, Thomas C."Thomas C. Humphries
Davidson2data-sort-value="Kinney, George "George Kinney
Davidson2data-sort-value="Mendenhall, Jabez Mendenhall"Jabez Mendenhall
Davie1data-sort-value="Kelley, James A."James A. Kelley
Duplin2data-sort-value="Armstrong, N.E."N. E. Armstrong
Duplin2data-sort-value="Kelly, Isaac B."Isaac B. Kelly
Edgecombe2data-sort-value="Cherry, Henry C."Henry C. Cherry
Edgecombe2data-sort-value="Peck, George "George Peck
Forsyth1data-sort-value="Vest, John P."John P. Vest
Franklin2data-sort-value="Harris, James T."James T. Harris
Franklin2data-sort-value="Williamson, John H."John H. Williamson
Gaston1data-sort-value="Hoffman, Jonas H"Jonas Hoffman
Gates1data-sort-value="Gatling, John Gatling"John Gatling
Granville3data-sort-value="Crawford, A.A."A. A. Crawford
Granville3data-sort-value="Mayo, Cuffie "Cuffie Mayo
Granville3data-sort-value="Ragland, J. W."J. W. Ragland
Greene1data-sort-value="Dixon, Joseph "Joseph Dixon
Guilford2data-sort-value="Hodgin, David H"David Hodgin
Guilford2data-sort-value=" Horney, Stephen G."Stephen G. Horney
Halifax3data-sort-value="Hayes, H.T. J."H. T. J. Hayes
Halifax3data-sort-value="Hutchings, Ivey"Ivey Hutchings
Halifax3data-sort-value="Renfrow, John H."John H. Renfrow
Harnett1data-sort-value="Stewart, Neill S."Neill S. Stewart[17]
Harnett1data-sort-value="Williams, B. C."B. C. Williams[18]
Haywood1data-sort-value="Brown, Walter "Walter Brown[19]
Haywood1data-sort-value="Welch, W. P."W. P. Welch
Henderson1data-sort-value="Justus, W.D."W. D. Justus
Hertford1data-sort-value="Snipes, Thomas "Thomas Snipes
Hyde1data-sort-value="Farrow, Tillman"Tillman Farrow
Iredell2data-sort-value="Davidson, George "George Davidson
Iredell2data-sort-value="Nicholson, T. A."T. A. Nicholson
Jackson1data-sort-value="Keener, Joseph "Joseph Keener[20]
Jackson1data-sort-value="Painter,E. M."E. M. Painter[21]
Johnston2data-sort-value="Hinnant, B.R."B. R. Hinnant
Johnston2data-sort-value="Pou, Edward W."Edward W. Pou
Jones1data-sort-value="Wilkie, L.D."L. D. Wilkie
Lenoir1data-sort-value="Ames, Wallace"Wallace Ames
Lincoln1data-sort-value="Wiswall, A.C."A. C. Wiswall
Macon1data-sort-value="Robinson, James L."James L. Robinson
Madison1data-sort-value="Gahagan, George W."George W. Gahagan
Martin1data-sort-value="Smith, Jesse J."Jesse J. Smith
McDowell1data-sort-value="Gilbert, W.W."W. W. Gilbert
Mecklenburg2data-sort-value="Grier, W."W. Grier
Mecklenburg2data-sort-value=" Whitley, Robert D."Robert D. Whitley
Mitchell1data-sort-value="Bowman, Jacob W."Jacob W. Bowman
Montgomery1data-sort-value="Graham, George A."George A. Graham
Moore1data-sort-value="Kelly, Abel"Abel Kelly
Nash1data-sort-value="Boddie, William W."William W. Boddie
New Hanover3data-sort-value="Abbott, Joseph C."Joseph C. Abbott[22]
New Hanover3data-sort-value=" French, George Z."George Z. French
New Hanover3data-sort-value="Estes, Llewellen G."Llewellen G. Estes[23]
New Hanover3data-sort-value="Parker, R. C."R. C. Parker[24]
New Hanover3data-sort-value="Eagles, John S. W."John S. W. Eagles
New Hanover3data-sort-value="Price, George W."George W. Price
Northampton2data-sort-value="Parker, Roswell C."Roswell C. Parker
Northampton2data-sort-value="Reynolds, John T."John T. Reynolds
Onslow1data-sort-value="Thompson, Franklin"Franklin Thompson
Orange2data-sort-value="Allison, J.J."J.J. Allison[25]
Orange2data-sort-value="Argo, Thomas M."Thomas M. Argo[26]
Orange2data-sort-value="Strudwick, Frederick N."Frederick N. Strudwick
Pasquotank1data-sort-value="Sykes, Thomas A."Thomas A. Sykes
Perquimans1data-sort-value="White, Jeptha "Jeptha White
Person1data-sort-value="Barnett, Samuel C."Samuel C. Barnett
Pitt2data-sort-value="Laflin, Byron"Byron Laflin
Pitt2data-sort-value="Short, Richard"Richard Short
Polk1data-sort-value="Waldrop, Ashbury"Ashbury Waldrop
Randolph 2data-sort-value="Ashworth, Joel"Joel Ashworth
Randolph 2data-sort-value="Blair, E. T."E. T. Blair
Richmond1data-sort-value="Long, Richmond T."Richmond T. Long
Robeson2data-sort-value="Proctor, Edward K."Edward K. Proctor
Robeson2data-sort-value="Sinclair, James"James Sinclair
Rockingham2data-sort-value="Barnes, Henry B."Henry Barnes
Rockingham2data-sort-value="Ellington, D. S."D. S. Ellington
Rowan2data-sort-value="Hawkins, Joseph "Joseph Hawkins
Rowan2data-sort-value=" Shaver, Isaac M."Isaac M. Shaver
Rutherford1data-sort-value="Justice, James M."James M. Justice
Sampson1data-sort-value="Williams, John C."John C. Williams
Stanly1data-sort-value="Green, Lafayette"Lafayette Green
Stokes1data-sort-value="McCanless, W.W."W. W. McCanless
Surry1data-sort-value="Hendricks, A.L."A. L. Hendricks
Transylvania1data-sort-value="Clayton, James W."James W. Clayton
Tyrrell1data-sort-value="Jarvis, Thomas Jordan"Thomas Jordan Jarvis
Union1data-sort-value="Downing, Hugh"Hugh Downing
Wake4data-sort-value="Holden, Joseph W."Joseph W. Holden
Wake4data-sort-value="Franklin, Stokes D."Stokes D. Franklin
Wake4data-sort-value="Moring, Fielding G."Fielding G. Moring
Wake4data-sort-value="Harris, James H."James H. Harris
Warren 2data-sort-value="Cawthorn, William"William Cawthorn
Warren 2data-sort-value="Falkner, Richard"Richard Falkner
Washington1data-sort-value="Rea, James J."James J. Rea
Watauga1data-sort-value="Banner, Lewis B."Lewis B. Banner
Wayne2data-sort-value="Person, John T."John T. Person
Wayne2data-sort-value="Smith, D. E."D. E. Smith
Wilkes1data-sort-value="Segrist, William B."William B. Segrist
Wilson1data-sort-value="Stanton, George W."George W. Stanton
Yadkin1data-sort-value="Vestal, J.M."J. M. Vestal
Yancey1data-sort-value="Proffitt, David P."David Proffitt

Senate members

The lieutenant governor, Tod Robinson Caldwell, served as president of the Senate when it was in session. The senators elected a president pro tem (Charles S. Winstead), clerk (T. A. Brynes), assistant clerk (William M. Barrow), doorkeeper (J. T. Ball), and assistant doorkeeper (Francis W. Gibble). The following senators were elected by the voters of North Carolina to represent the numbered districts:[27]

DistrictCountiesSenatorHome County
1Camden, Chowan, Currituck, Gates, Pasquotank, Perquimansdata-sort-value="White, Elihua A."Elihu A. WhitePerquimans
1Camden, Chowan, Currituck, Gates, Pasquotank, Perquimansdata-sort-value="Etheridge, Josepha W."Joseph W. EtheridgeCurrituck
2Martin, Tyrrell, Washingtondata-sort-value="Martindale, Franklina G."Franklin G. MartindaleMartin
3Beaufort, Hydedata-sort-value="Respess, J. B."J.B. RespessBeaufort
4Northamptondata-sort-value="Barrow, William "William BarrowNorthampton
5Bertie, Hertforddata-sort-value="Beasley, Jamesa W."James W. BeasleyBertie
6Halifaxdata-sort-value="Epps, Henry"Henry EppsHalifax
7Edgecombedata-sort-value="Bellamy, N. B."N.B. BellamyEdgecombe
8Pittdata-sort-value="Cherry, W. A."W.A. CherryPitt
9Nash, Wilsondata-sort-value="Barnes, Joshuaa Joshua B"Joshua BarnesWilson
10Carteret, Cravendata-sort-value="Moore, W. A."W.A. MooreCarteret
10Carteret, Cravendata-sort-value="Sweet, W. S."W.H.S. SweetCraven
11Jones, Lenoirdata-sort-value="Colgrove, D. D."D.D. ColgroveJones
12Duplin, Onslowdata-sort-value="Allen, Williama A."William A. AllenDuplin
13Brunswick, New Hanoverdata-sort-value="Galloway, Abraham H."Abraham H. GallowayNew Hanover
13Brunswick, New Hanoverdata-sort-value="Legg, Edwin"Edwin LeggBrunswick
14Bladen, Columbusdata-sort-value="Purdie, Johna W."John W. PurdieBladen
15Robesondata-sort-value="Hayes, O. S."O.S. HayesRobeson
16Cumberland, Harnett, Sampsondata-sort-value="Harrington, Jamesa S."James S. HarringtonHarnett
16Cumberland, Harnett, Sampsondata-sort-value="Hall, L. D."L.D. HallCumberland
17Johnstondata-sort-value="Cook, J. B."J.B. CookJohnston
18Greene, Waynedata-sort-value="Brogden, Curtisa H."Curtis H. BrogdenWayne
19Franklin, Wakedata-sort-value="Wynne, R. I."R.I. WynneWake
19Franklin, Wakedata-sort-value="Jones, Willie D."Willie D. JonesWake
20Warrendata-sort-value="Hyman, John Adams"John Adams HymanWarren
21Granville, Persondata-sort-value="Winstead, C. S."Charles S. WinsteadPerson
21Granville, Persondata-sort-value="Lassiter, R. W."R.W. LassiterGranville
22Orangedata-sort-value="Turner, Josiah, Jr."Josiah Turner, Jr.Orange
23Chathamdata-sort-value="Burns, Silas"Silas BurnsChatham
24Caswelldata-sort-value="Brown, Bedford "Bedford BrownCaswell
25Rockinghamdata-sort-value="Lindsay, Johna M."John M. LindsayRockingham
26Alamance, Guilforddata-sort-value="Welker, G. W."G.W. WelkerGuilford
26Alamance, Guilforddata-sort-value="Shoffner, T. M."T.M. ShoffnerAlamance
27Montgomery, Randolphdata-sort-value="Davis, John H."John H. DavisMontgomery
28Moore, Richmonddata-sort-value="Richardson, Williama B."William B. RichardsonMoore
29Anson, Uniondata-sort-value="Beeman, P. T."P.T. BeemanAnson
30Mecklenburgdata-sort-value="Osborne, James W."James W. OsborneMecklenburg
31Cabarrus, Stanlydata-sort-value="Melchor, Christopher"Christopher MelchorCabarrus
32Davie, Rowandata-sort-value="Robbins, W. M."W.M. RobbinsRowan
33Davidsondata-sort-value="Long, P. A."P.A. LongDavidson
34Forsyth, Stokesdata-sort-value="Wilson, Peter A."Peter A. WilsonForsyth
35Surry, Yadkindata-sort-value="Forkner, Samuel"Samuel ForknerSurry
36Alexander, Iredelldata-sort-value="McLaughlin, J. H."J.H. McLaughlinIredell
37Catawba, Gaston, Lincolndata-sort-value="Mason, Lawson A."Lawson A. MasonGaston
38Cleveland, Polk, Rutherforddata-sort-value="Eaves, J. B."J.B. EavesRutherford
39Alleghany, Ashe, Wilkesdata-sort-value="Smith, Samuel P."Samuel P. SmithWilkes
40Buncombe, Henderson, Transylvaniadata-sort-value="Blythe, James"James BlytheHenderson
41Burke, Caldwell, Wataugadata-sort-value="Jones, Edmund W."Edmund W. JonesCaldwell
42Madison, McDowell, Mitchell, Yanceydata-sort-value="Moore, William M."William M. MooreYancey
43Cherokee, Clay, Haywood, Jackson, Macondata-sort-value="Love, W. Levi"W. Levi LoveMacon

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: North Carolina Capitals, Colonial and State. September 4, 2019. Norris, David A.. 2006. NCPedia.org.
  2. Book: Connor, Robert Diggs Wimberly. Robert Digges Wimberly Connor . A Manual of North Carolina . 1913 . E. M. Uzzell & Company . Raleigh, North Carolina . April 27, 2019. 475.
  3. Book: The Legislative Manual and Political Register of the State of North Carolina for the Year 1874. 1874. April 9, 2019. Wheeler, John Hill. John H. Wheeler. Josiah Turner, Jr.; State Printer and Binder. Raleigh, North Carolina.
  4. Book: Cheney, John L. Jr.. North Carolina Government, 1585–1974. 1974. 447–448.
  5. Web site: North Carolina Constitution History. Orth, John V.. 2006.
  6. Web site: Constitutional Development of North Carolina, 1868 Constitutional Convention and Constitution. ncleg.net. November 23, 2019.
  7. W.E.B. Du Bois, Black Reconstruction in America, 1860-1180.New York: Harcourt Brace, 1935; reprint, New York: The Free Press, 1998, pp.529-531
  8. Web site: Constitutional Convention, 1868; Black Caucus. Ijames, Earl. 2008. NCPEDIA. November 23, 2019.
  9. Web site: Reconstruction. Release, Allen W.. NCPEDIA. 2006. November 26, 2019.
  10. Book: Foner, Eric. Eric Foner. Reconstruction: America's Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. 1988. 0-06-015851-4. Pulitzer-prize winning history and most detailed synthesis of original and previous scholarship.
  11. Web site: North Carolina State House of Representatives 1868--1869 . Lewis, J.D.. The American Revolution in North Carolina. April 17, 2019.
  12. One of eighteen Black representatives and three senators elected to the General Assembly after the Civil War.
  13. James C. Harper's election was declared illegal and voided.
  14. W. H.Malone was elected to replace James C. Harper after his election was declared voided.
  15. William Long's election was declared illegal and voided. He was replaced by Wilson Cary.
  16. Wilson Cary was elected to replace William Long.
  17. Neill S. Stewart's election was declared illegal and voided.
  18. B. C. Williams was elected to replace Neill S. Stewart.
  19. Walter Brown's election was declared illegal and voided.
  20. Joseph Keener's election was declared illegal and voided.
  21. E. M. Painter was elected to replace Joseph Keener.
  22. Joseph C. Abbott resigned his position after being elected to the U.S. Senate.
  23. At some point in his tenure, Llewellen G. Estes resigned his position.
  24. R. C. Parker died while in office.
  25. J. J. Allison resigned his position.
  26. Thomas M. Argo was elected to replace J. J. Allison, who resigned his position.
  27. Web site: North Carolina State Senate 1868-1869. Lewis, J.D.. The American Revolution in North Carolina. April 17, 2019.