Norsalsolinol Explained
Norsalsolinol is a chemical compound that is produced naturally in the body through the metabolism of dopamine.[1] It has been shown to be a selective dopaminergic neurotoxin,[2] [3] [4] and has been suggested as a possible cause of neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease and the brain damage associated with alcoholism,[5] [6] although evidence for a causal relationship is unclear.[7] [8] [9]
(R)-Salsolinol which has been shown to be a product of ethanol metabolism, stereospecifically induces behavioral sensitization and leads to excessive alcohol intake in rats[10]
See also
Notes and References
- Maruyama W, Takahashi T, Minami M, Takahashi A, Dostert P, Nagatsu T, Naoi M . Cytotoxicity of dopamine-derived 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines . Advances in Neurology . 60 . 224–30 . 1993 . 8093579 .
- Maruyama Y, Suzuki Y, Kazusaka A, Fujita S . Norsalsolinol uptake into secretory vesicles via vesicular monoamine transporter and its secretion by membrane depolarization or purinoceptor stimulation in PC12 cells . The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science . 63 . 5 . 493–7 . May 2001 . 11411492 . 10.1292/jvms.63.493. free .
- Maruyama Y, Suzuki Y, Kazusaka A, Fujita S . Uptake of the dopaminergic neurotoxin, norsalsolinol, into PC12 cells via dopamine transporter . Archives of Toxicology . 75 . 4 . 209–13 . June 2001 . 11482518 . 10.1007/s002040000202. 38150947 .
- Kobayashi H, Fukuhara K, Tada-Oikawa S, Yada Y, Hiraku Y, Murata M, Oikawa S . The mechanisms of oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis induced by norsalsolinol, an endogenous tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative associated with Parkinson's disease . Journal of Neurochemistry . 108 . 2 . 397–407 . January 2009 . 19012744 . 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05774.x .
- Dostert P, Strolin Benedetti M, Della Vedova F, Allievi C, La Croix R, Dordain G, Vernay D, Durif F . Dopamine-derived tetrahydroisoquinolines and Parkinson's disease . Advances in Neurology . 60 . 218–23 . 1993 . 8420138 .
- Musshoff F, Daldrup T, Bonte W, Leitner A, Lesch OM . Salsolinol and norsalsolinol in human urine samples . Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior . 58 . 2 . 545–50 . October 1997 . 9300617 . 10.1016/S0091-3057(97)00251-7. 76761 .
- Musshoff F, Lachenmeier DW, Kroener L, Schmidt P, Dettmeyer R, Madea B . Simultaneous gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric determination of dopamine, norsalsolinol and salsolinol enantiomers in brain samples of a large human collective . Cellular and Molecular Biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France) . 49 . 5 . 837–49 . July 2003 . 14528920 .
- Scholz J, Klingemann I, Moser A . Increased systemic levels of norsalsolinol derivatives are induced by levodopa treatment and do not represent biological markers of Parkinson's disease . Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry . 75 . 4 . 634–6 . April 2004 . 15026514 . 1739023 . 10.1136/jnnp.2003.010769.
- Musshoff F, Lachenmeier DW, Schmidt P, Dettmeyer R, Madea B . Systematic regional study of dopamine, norsalsolinol, and (R/S)-salsolinol levels in human brain areas of alcoholics . Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research . 29 . 1 . 46–52 . January 2005 . 15654290 . 10.1097/01.ALC.0000150011.81102.C2.
- Web site: (R)-Salsolinol, a product of ethanol metabolism, stereospecifically induces behavioral sensitization and leads to excessive alcohol intake. PubFacts.com. www.pubfacts.com. 2017-10-02.