Norman Fucking Rockwell! Explained

Norman Fucking Rockwell!
Type:studio
Artist:Lana Del Rey
Cover:Lana Del Rey - Norman Fucking Rockwell.png
Alt:Del Rey holding out her hand on a boat around a man
Studio:
  • Conway (Los Angeles)
  • Westlake (Los Angeles)
  • Henson (Los Angeles)
  • Gold Tooth (Los Angeles)
  • Valentine (Los Angeles)
  • Sunset Banana Split (Los Angeles)
  • House of Breaking Glass (Seattle)
  • Electric Lady (New York City)
  • Sarm (London)
  • Hampstead (London)
  • Rough Customer (Brooklyn)
Recorded:2017–2019
Genre:
Length:67:43
Label:
Producer:
Prev Title:Lust for Life
Prev Year:2017
Year:2019
Next Title:Violet Bent Backwards Over the Grass
Next Year:2020

Norman Fucking Rockwell! (abbreviated to NFR! in some releases) is the sixth studio album by American singer-songwriter Lana Del Rey released on August 30, 2019, by Interscope and Polydor Records. The album was primarily produced by Del Rey and Jack Antonoff, with additional contributions from Zach Dawes, Andrew Watt, and longtime Del Rey collaborator Rick Nowels. Musically, Norman Fucking Rockwell! features a soft rock sound consisting of psych-rock songs and piano ballads and features references to various classic rock artists. The title of the album is a reference to painter and illustrator Norman Rockwell.

Five singles were released to promote the album: "Mariners Apartment Complex", "Venice Bitch", "Hope Is a Dangerous Thing for a Woman Like Me to Have – but I Have It", "Doin' Time", and "The Greatest". Del Rey embarked on her fifth concert tour, The Norman Fucking Rockwell! Tour, to promote them. It commenced on September 21, 2019, and concluded on November 30, 2019.

Norman Fucking Rockwell! received widespread acclaim. Music critics praised the album's poetic and refined lyricism, production and Del Rey's musical progression. The album reached number one in seven countries, including the United Kingdom, becoming Del Rey's fourth number one album in the region. In the United States, Norman Fucking Rockwell! peaked at number three, marking Del Rey's fifth consecutive top five album in the country. It was nominated for Album of the Year at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards. Norman Fucking Rockwell! was frequently listed by numerous publications as the best album of the year, and since its release has been regarded as one of the greatest and most revered albums of the decade and of all time, with Rolling Stone ranking it on their list of "The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time".

Background

When in attendance at the 60th Annual Grammy Awards, Lana Del Rey confirmed in an interview that she had begun work on her next album.[1] She revealed the title of one song, "Bartender", saying that she did not know if it would make the album's tracklist.[1] The album was recorded under the working title Bird World in its earlier stages of development.[2] [3] In September 2018, Del Rey premiered the album's second single, "Venice Bitch", in Zane Lowe's Beats 1 show, and joined for an interview where she confirmed that the album's title and its title track would be Norman Fucking Rockwell!.[4] [5] [6] She revealed that the album was nearly complete having recorded eleven tracks for it.[7] It was later reported that the album was scheduled for an early 2019 release.[8] In October 2018, Del Rey performed alongside Jack Antonoff, with whom she had collaborated on the record, at an Apple Music event, where she premiered the song "How to Disappear".[9] On December 31, 2018, Del Rey teased the song "Happiness Is a Butterfly" on social media.[10] [11] A snippet of the album's title track was shared by Del Rey in June 2019.[12] In July 2019, Del Rey performed at the FIB Benicàssim Festival, where she revealed that the album would be released the following month.[13]

Composition

Flood Magazine described the album's sound as "a mellow soft rock" and noted Del Rey's improved lyrics tackle larger themes than her previous work.[14] According to critics, Norman Fucking Rockwell! features "psych-rock jams" and piano-based ballads.[15] Consequence described the record as featuring "psych-pop lullabies, tales of complicated, consuming romantic love, and overt odes to the tarnished dream of California." It has been characterised as a "pop classic", as well as embodying folk rock,[16] and existing somewhere between the desert rock and "minimalist" trip hop of Del Rey's previous efforts.

The album features a strong influence from 1970s classic rock. Kitty Empire of The Observer noted that "strings and synth washes soundtrack multiple love songs", and also noted several classic rock references throughout the album, including Neil Young's "Cinnamon Girl", Crosby, Stills, Nash & Young, and Led Zeppelin's Houses of the Holy.[17] Rob Sheffield of Rolling Stone noted the album's "Laurel Canyon '70s soft-rock fantasies", including references to Joni Mitchell and the Eagles.

No Ripcord described Norman Fucking Rockwell! as "a remarkably sharp pop record that retains her fascination with pop-culture iconography and the rosey simplicity of a post-war America where classic rock and blue jeans ruled and takes them to much deeper places".[18]

Release and promotion

The album's cover art, release date, and track listing were announced by Del Rey on July 31, 2019.[19] The cover art features Del Rey and Duke Nicholson—actor Jack Nicholson's grandson—posing on a sailboat, with the album title and Del Rey's initials written in a comic-inspired style.[20] The photo was taken by Del Rey's sister Chuck Grant.[21] The following day, Del Rey released an album trailer.[22] On August 2, Urban Outfitters announced an exclusive vinyl of the album featuring an alternative album artwork,[23] also photographed by Chuck Grant.[24]

Throughout 2018, Del Rey shared snippets via social media of several songs intended for the album, including "Happiness Is a Butterfly",[25] "How to Disappear",[26] and "Cinnamon Girl".[27] She performed "How to Disappear" on October 29 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music, debuting the full song for the first time.[28]

Singles

"Mariners Apartment Complex" was released as the album's first single on September 12, 2018.[29] The following week, on September 18, Del Rey released the second single, "Venice Bitch" and revealed the album title.[30] "Hope Is a Dangerous Thing for a Woman Like Me to Have – but I Have It" followed as the third single on January 9, 2019.[31]

Del Rey released a cover of Sublime's "Doin' Time" on May 17, 2019, for a documentary about the band;[32] its music video was released on August 29, 2019, one day before the release of Norman Fucking Rockwell![33] A double music video for "Fuck It I Love You" and "The Greatest" was released on August 22, 2019;[34] "The Greatest" was later released as the album's fifth single on September 13, 2019, in Italy.[35]

Tour

See main article: The Norman Fucking Rockwell! Tour.

On August 1, 2019, Del Rey announced two legs of a tour in promotion of Norman Fucking Rockwell!. The first leg took place in North America in the fall of 2019[36] and the second in Europe in early 2020.[37] The European leg of the tour was subsequently cancelled due to illness.[38]

Film

On December 20, 2019, Del Rey released a 14-minute-long short film featuring the songs "Norman Fucking Rockwell", "Bartender", and "Happiness is a Butterfly". The film was directed by Chuck Grant and premiered on YouTube.[39]

Critical reception

Norman Fucking Rockwell! was met with widespread critical acclaim. At Metacritic, which assigns a rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, the album received a weighted average score of 87, based on 28 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim". Aggregator AnyDecentMusic? gave it 8.5 out of 10, based on their assessment of the critical consensus.

Jenn Pelly of Pitchfork wrote that the album "establishes [Del Rey] as one of America’s greatest living songwriters". In his review for Rolling Stone, Rob Sheffield wrote "the long-awaited Norman Fucking Rockwell is even more massive and majestic than everyone hoped it would be. Lana turns her fifth and finest album into a tour of sordid American dreams, going deep cover in all our nation's most twisted fantasies of glamour and danger." He concluded that Del Rey "has finally made her pop classic." In a five-star review for NME, Rhian Daly called the album "nothing short of stunning." Kristel Jax of Now wrote "Del Rey has shifted her kitschy patriotic fixation, dropping her flag-draped persona and making peace with a more complex, dystopian reality", also giving the album five stars.[40] For Slant Magazine, Sal Cinquemani described the album as "a heady collection of psych-rock and piano dirges that pour into each other and rarely shift tempo from track to track" as well as "frank assessments of the psychic effects of a world spiraling into chaos."[41] Also writing positively, Alexandra Pollard of The Independent wrote "The album is sultry and soporific, sitting somewhere between the minimalist trip hop of Del Rey’s early days, and the scuzzy desert rock she has toyed with over the years," and concluded that "This is Del Rey at her most assertive." In his 'premature evaluation' for Stereogum, Tom Breihan wrote that the album is "a beautiful opus for a new dark age — a fond look back at the world we just wrecked", calling it "yoga music for the apocalypse."[42] Entertainment Weekly critic Maura Johnston said, "Del Rey digs deep into the atmospherics; her perpetually wounded drawl hovers above swooning strings and swirling synths, which rise up in extended codas and on power-ballad-worthy guitar solos".

In a more mixed review, Alexis Petridis of The Guardian described the album as "an alternately beguiling and frustrating experience", concluding that despite Del Rey's evident talent, "it's hard not to wish that she would broaden her perspective, adopt a different persona, shake things up a little." Channing Freeman of Sputnikmusic said, "This is her best album yet, and great moments abound amidst the fat".[43] Neil McCormick of The Daily Telegraph similarly wrote that the album "reveals Del Rey to be something of a one trick pony, but what a beautiful trick it is."[44]

Rankings

The album was placed in numerous year-end lists of 2019, topping those by many publications. According to Metacritic, it was the most named album in the year-end rankings of 2019 albums by critics.[45] In 2021, Pitchfork readers voted Norman Fucking Rockwell! the 17th greatest album overall, and the best album by a female artist, of the previous 25 years.[46]

Publication! scope="col" class="unsortable"
ListYearRank
BillboardThe 50 Best Albums of 2019: Staff Picks2019
Entertainment WeeklyThe Best Albums of 20192019
The 50 Best Albums of 20192019
NMEThe 50 Best Albums of 20192019
The Best Albums of the Decade: The 2010s2019
Jon Caramanica's Best Albums of 20192019
Jon Pareles' Best Albums of 20192019
PasteThe 50 Best Albums of 20192019
The 30 Best Pop Albums of the 2010s2019
The 300 Greatest Albums of All Time2024
PitchforkThe 50 Best Albums of 20192019
The 200 Best Albums of the 2010s2019
Rolling StoneThe 50 Best Albums of 20192019
The 100 Best Albums of the 2010s2019
The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time2020
Slant MagazineThe 25 Best Albums of 20192019
The 100 Best Albums of the 2010s2019
TimeThe 10 Best Albums of 20192019

Industry awards

Year! scope="col"
CeremonyCategoryResult
2019Q AwardsBest Album
2020Grammy AwardsAlbum of the Year
NME AwardsBest Album in the World

Commercial performance

Norman Fucking Rockwell! debuted at number three on the US Billboard 200 chart, earning 104,000 album-equivalent units (including 66,000 copies in pure album sales) in its first week,[47] becoming Del Rey's sixth US top ten album on the chart.[47] In its second week, the album dropped to number nine, earning an additional 35,000 units.[48]

In the United Kingdom, Norman Fucking Rockwell! debuted at number one on the UK Albums Chart, selling 31,000 copies, becoming her best sales week in the country since Ultraviolence (her following album, Chemtrails over the Country Club, would open up with higher weekly sales than Norman Fucking Rockwell!).[49] [50] The album became Lana Del Rey's fourth number one album in the UK, tying Taylor Swift as the female artist with the most solo number one albums in the UK during the 2010s.[51] In France, the album sold 8,000 copies in its first week, 800 more than Lust for Lifes first week.[52]

Track listing

Notes

Credits and personnel

Credits adapted from official liner notes.[53]

Technical

Musicians

Charts

Weekly charts

Chart (2019)! scope="col"
Peak
position
Argentine Albums (CAPIF)[54] 1
Estonian Albums (Eesti Ekspress)[55] 1
Latvian Albums (LAIPA)[56] 8
Lithuanian Albums (AGATA)[57] 1
Mexican Albums (AMPROFON)[58] 3
South Korean Albums (Gaon)[59] 83
US Billboard 2003
Chart (2023)! scope="col"
Peak
position
Croatian International Albums (HDU)[60] 12
US Top Rock & Alternative Albums (Billboard)[61] 50

Year-end charts

Chart (2019)! scope="col"
Position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[62] 48
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[63] 112
Dutch Albums (Album Top 100)[64] 57
French Albums (SNEP)[65] 126
Mexican Albums (AMPROFON)[66] 37
Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[67] 64
UK Albums (OCC)[68] 70
US Billboard 200[69] 182
US Alternative Albums (Billboard)[70] 16
Chart (2020)! scope="col"
Position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[71] 54
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[72] 168
US Top Alternative Albums (Billboard)[73] 22
US Top Current Albums (Billboard)[74] 76
Chart (2021)! scope="col"
Position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[75] 112
Chart (2022)! scope="col"
Position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[76] 101
Lithuanian Albums (AGATA)[77] 77
Chart (2023)! scope="col"
Position
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[78] 69
Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[79] 200

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Minsker. Evan. Lana Del Rey Teases New Song 'Bartender'. Pitchfork. July 31, 2019. January 28, 2018. December 25, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191225013136/https://pitchfork.com/news/lana-del-rey-teases-new-song-bartender/. live.
  2. Web site: Song . Sandra . Lana Del Rey Is Queen of the Livestream . . September 10, 2019 . September 6, 2019 . September 14, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190914165705/https://www.papermag.com/lana-del-rey-livestreams-2640221916.html . live .
  3. Web site: Barna . Dan . September 6, 2019 . Lana Del Rey Almost Called Her New Album 'Bird World' . February 14, 2023 . . en . February 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214130353/https://www.wmagazine.com/story/lana-del-rey-bird-world . live .
  4. Web site: Ross . Alex Robert . September 18, 2019 . Here's "Venice Bitch" from Lana Del Rey's New LP, 'Norman Fucking Rockwell' . February 14, 2023 . . en . February 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214130353/https://www.vice.com/en/article/wjydzn/heres-venice-bitch-from-lana-del-reys-new-lp-norman-fucking-rockwell . live .
  5. Web site: Yeung . Vivian . September 19, 2018 . Lana Del Rey is releasing a new album called 'Norman Fucking Rockwell' . February 14, 2023 . . February 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214130403/https://crackmagazine.net/2018/09/lana-del-rey-is-releasing-a-new-album-called-norman-fucking-rockwell/ . live .
  6. News: Cush . Andy . September 18, 2018 . Lana Del Rey Releases "Venice Bitch," Says Her Album Is Called Norman Fucking Rockwell . en-US . . February 14, 2023 . September 18, 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180918193920/https://www.spin.com/2018/09/lana-del-rey-releases-venice-bitch-says-her-album-is-called-norman-fucking-rockwell/ . live .
  7. Web site: Lana Del Rey Shares Sprawling New Single, 'Venice Bitch'. September 18, 2018. Hidden Jams. August 2, 2019. August 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190802045457/https://hiddenjams.com/2018/09/18/lana-del-rey-venice-bitch/. live.
  8. Web site: Wallace . Megan . December 6, 2018 . Lana Del Rey announces release date for 'Norman Fucking Rockwell' . February 14, 2023 . . February 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214130402/https://crackmagazine.net/2018/12/lana-del-rey-announces-release-date-for-norman-fucking-rockwell/ . live .
  9. Web site: Arteche . Michelle . October 31, 2018 . Lana Del Rey debuts a new song 'How to Disappear' at the Apple Event . February 14, 2023 . Bandwagon Asia . en . February 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214130401/https://www.bandwagon.asia/articles/lana-del-rey-debuts-a-new-song-how-to-disappear-at-the-apple-event . live .
  10. Web site: Moore . Sam . January 11, 2019 . Lana Del Rey previews 'Norman Fucking Rockwell' with teaser clip of 'Happiness is a Butterfly' . February 14, 2023 . . en-GB . January 20, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190120144528/https://www.nme.com/news/music/lana-del-rey-happiness-is-a-butterfly-teaser-norman-fucking-rockwell-album-2430073 . live .
  11. Web site: Deville . Chris . January 1, 2019 . Lana Del Rey Previews New Song On Instagram . February 14, 2023 . . en . February 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214130401/https://www.stereogum.com/2027140/lana-del-rey-new-song-preview-norman-fucking-rockwell/music/ . live .
  12. Web site: Elder . Sajae . June 16, 2019 . Listen to a snippet of Lana Del Rey's "Norman Fucking Rockwell" . February 14, 2023 . . en . February 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214130401/https://www.thefader.com/2019/06/16/lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell-snippet . live .
  13. Web site: Gray . Julia . July 21, 2019 . Lana Del Rey Says 'Norman Fucking Rockwell' Is Out Next Month . February 14, 2023 . . en . February 14, 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230214130353/https://www.stereogum.com/2051943/lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell-out-next-month/news/ . live .
  14. Web site: Amorosi. A.D.. September 3, 2019. FLOOD Lana Del Rey, "Norman Fucking Rockwell!". September 4, 2019. Flood Magazine. September 9, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190909010336/http://floodmagazine.com/67474/lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell/. live.
  15. Lana Del Rey on Finding Her Voice and Following Her Muse: 'I Have Never Taken a Shortcut'. Garvey. Meaghan. Billboard. August 22, 2019. August 30, 2019. November 5, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191105214742/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8527901/lana-del-rey-billboard-cover-story-2019. live.
  16. Web site: Jenkins . Craig . Lana Del Rey Is Fully in the Driver's Seat on Norman Fucking Rockwell . . August 31, 2019 . August 30, 2019 . January 2, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200102223543/https://www.vulture.com/amp/2019/08/album-review-lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell.html . live .
  17. Web site: Empire. Kitty. Kitty Empire. Lana Del Rey: Norman Fucking Rockwell review – stops you in your tracks. The Observer. August 31, 2019. August 31, 2019. December 8, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191208214307/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2019/aug/31/lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell-review-venice-bitch-hope-the-greatest. live.
  18. Web site: Lana Del Rey – Norman Fucking Rockwell!. Monroe. Jeremy. No Ripcord. September 30, 2019. October 6, 2019. October 6, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191006174413/http://www.noripcord.com/reviews/music/lana-del-rey/norman-fucking-rockwell. live.
  19. Web site: Lana Del Rey Shares 'Norman F*cking Rockwell' Tracklist, Release Date, Album Art. Complex. Price. Joe. July 31, 2019. July 31, 2019. August 11, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190811160603/https://www.complex.com/music/2019/07/lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell-tracklist-release-date-album-art. live.
  20. Web site: Lana Del Rey's New Album Norman F*cking Rockwell Gets a Release Date, Tracklist and Retro Album Art. Schneider. Alexandre. July 31, 2019. Paste. August 2, 2019. August 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190801033730/https://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2019/07/lana-del-reys-new-album-norman-fucking-rockwell-ge.html. dead.
  21. Web site: Lana Del Rey Reveals Album Art, Release Date, and Track List for Norman Fucking Rockwell. Kushwaha. Brooke. July 31, 2019. L'Officiel USA. August 2, 2019. August 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190802045508/https://www.lofficielusa.com/music/lana-del-rey-reveals-album-art-release-date-and-track-list-for-norman-fucking-rockwell. live.
  22. Web site: Lana Del Rey Goes Green Screen Surfing In Her 'Norman F*cking Rockwell' Album Trailer. Uproxx. Rossignol. Derrick. August 1, 2019. August 1, 2019. August 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190801194701/https://uproxx.com/pop/lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell-album-trailer/. live.
  23. UrbanOutfitters. 1157295991214813186. to answer your questions: YES, @LanaDelRey is releasing an exclusive color vinyl at UO—and an exclusive cover, too!. August 2, 2019. August 2, 2019.
  24. LanaDelRey. 1157334701222137856. I love this cover so much, Laurel Canyon to the max and my favorite girls shot by my favorite sister. August 2, 2019. August 2, 2019.
  25. Lana Del Rey Teases New Song 'Happiness Is a Butterfly'. Gaca. Anna. March 30, 2018. Billboard. August 2, 2019. August 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190803093940/https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/8275494/lana-del-rey-happiness-is-a-butterfly. live.
  26. Web site: Lana Del Rey previews new song 'How To Disappear'. Renshaw. David. October 5, 2018. The Fader. August 2, 2019. July 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190729145721/http://www.thefader.com/2018/10/05/lana-del-rey-how-to-disappear-snippet. live.
  27. Web site: Lana Del Rey teases new song 'Cinnamon'. Maicki. Salvatore. October 12, 2018. The Fader. August 2, 2019. May 30, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190530053401/https://www.thefader.com/2018/10/12/lana-del-rey-cinnamon-norman-fucking-rockwell-instagram-tease. live.
  28. Lana Del Rey Debuts New Song 'How to Disappear' During Surprise Performance at Apple Event: Watch. Pedrosa. Marina. October 30, 2018. Billboard. https://web.archive.org/web/20190802041110/https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8482456/lana-del-rey-debuts-new-song-how-to-disappear-apple-event. August 2, 2019. live. August 2, 2019.
  29. Web site: Lana Del Rey shares "Mariners Apartment Complex," planning new LP for 2019. Sacher. Andrew. BrooklynVegan. September 12, 2018. January 28, 2019. July 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190729111711/http://www.brooklynvegan.com/lana-del-rey-shares-mariners-apartment-complex-planning-new-lp-for-2019/. live.
  30. Web site: Lana Del Rey – "Venice Bitch" Video. Gray. Julia. September 18, 2018. Stereogum. January 28, 2019. January 30, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200130043958/https://www.stereogum.com/2014801/lana-del-rey-venice-bitch-norman-fucking-rockwell/video/. live.
  31. Hear Lana Del Rey's Mournful New Song 'Hope Is a Dangerous Thing...'. Reed. Ryan. January 9, 2019. Rolling Stone. January 28, 2019. March 29, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190329195105/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lana-del-rey-new-song-hope-is-a-dangerous-thing-774028/. live.
  32. Web site: 'Doin' Time' by Lana Del Rey Review. Torres. Eric. May 17, 2019. Pitchfork. August 2, 2019. October 24, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191024002535/https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/lana-del-rey-doin-time/. live.
  33. Martoccio . Angie . August 29, 2019 . Watch Super-Sized Lana Del Rey Conquer Venice Beach in 'Doin' Time' Video . October 25, 2022 . . en-US . October 25, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221025213037/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lana-del-rey-doin-time-video-878276/ . live .
  34. Web site: Wood . Mikael . August 22, 2019 . Lana Del Rey shares video for two new California-kissed singles: Watch . October 25, 2022 . . en-US . August 22, 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190822235414/https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/music/story/2019-08-22/lana-del-rey-the-greatest . live .
  35. Web site: Lana Del Rey – The greatest (Radio Date: 13-09-2019). EarOne. September 12, 2019. November 7, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191107190753/http://radiodate.it/radio-date/lana-del-rey-the-greatest-189676-13-09-2019-radiodate/. live.
  36. Lana Del Rey Announces 'Norman F–king Rockwell' Tour Dates. Billboard. Kaufman. Gil. August 1, 2019. August 1, 2019. October 2, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221002194016/https://www.billboard.com/music/music-news/lana-del-rey-announces-norman-f-king-rockwell-tour-dates-8525701/. live.
  37. Web site: Lana Del Rey has announced a few UK and European shows for 2020. Dork. August 1, 2019. August 1, 2019. August 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190801161729/https://www.readdork.com/news/lana-del-rey-has-announced-a-few-uk-and-european-shows-for-2020. live.
  38. Web site: Lana Del Rey cancels tour after losing her voice. BBC. February 20, 2020. June 12, 2021. April 13, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210413112709/https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-51571489. live.
  39. Web site: Lana Del Rey Plays a Lady of the Canyon in Three-Song 'Norman F-cking Rockwell' Video. Rolling Stone. Martoccio. Angie. December 20, 2019. May 21, 2024. December 20, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191220221854/https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-news/lana-del-rey-drops-triple-video-928738/. live.
  40. Web site: Jax. Kristel. Review: Lana Del Rey stares deep into the soul of America on Norman Fucking Rockwell. Now. August 30, 2019. August 30, 2019. September 14, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190914055142/https://nowtoronto.com/music/album-reviews/lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell/. live.
  41. Web site: Cinquemani. Sal. Review: Lana Del Rey's Norman Fucking Rockwell Eulogizes the American Dream. Slant Magazine. August 28, 2019. August 29, 2019. December 2, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20191202160829/https://www.slantmagazine.com/music/review-lana-del-rey-norman-fucking-rockwell-eulogizes-the-american-dream/. live.
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