The Serer-Noon also called Noon (sometimes spelt Non or None) are an ethnic people who occupy western Senegal. They are part of the Serer people though they do not speak the Serer-Sine language natively.
They are found primarily in Senegal in the region of Thiès in areas like Fandène, Peykouk, Silman, Diankhène and Dioung.[1] As well as being present in Senegal, they are also found in the Gambia.
In the Thies area alone, their population is 32,900.[2] Collectively, the Serer people make-up the third largest ethnic group in Senegal.[3]
See main article: Timeline of Serer history, Serer ancient history and Serer history (medieval era to present). In his Sketches of Senegal (1853), Abbé Boilat described them as "the most beautiful black people... tall and beautiful posture... who are always well dressed, very strong and independent"[4] During the 19th century muslim marabout jihads in Senegambia, the Serer-Noon resisted being islamized and continued to practice their beliefs to present.[5] In the 1860s, Pinet Laprade, then the French governor of Senegal, and Captain Vincent described the Serer-Noon men as "fierce and cruel to foreigners" (the French).[1] They only traded with other Serers through barter and resented the authority of foreigners. Of all the Senegambian ethnic groups, the Noons were among the most independent during the colonial period. The Noons also refused to pay taxes to the French administration of Senegal in the 19th century and launched many wars and massacres against the French.[1] To force the Serer-Noon to pay tax to the French administration in Senegal, sometimes violence was used against them.[1] In Noon country, their heads of state were the Lamanes. The Lamanes managed the Noon towns and villages, and each village was an independent republic. The Lamanes in Noon country were the oldest men chosen from particular families. Although these Lamanes should not be confused with the ancient Serer Lamanes (the old powerful kings and landed gentry), the Lamanes in Noon country were very powerful during the colonial period.
The Serer-Noon are mostly farmers who grow millet, peanuts, cotton etc. They tend to follow monogamy. Like many of the Serer group, the Noons rarely marry out.[1] They usually marry among themselves or other groups of the Serer race, but rarely outside the Serer group.[1] Noon culture forbids mix-marriages. Where a young Serer-Noon has left his or her village for more than three months, on their return, they were subjected to prove their sexual purity. The head griot would offer them a beverage that they must drink. If vomit after drinking it, they were found guilty and sentence to celibacy. This test was just one of many tests carried out by the head griot. The head male griot would test the young man whilst the head female griot would test the young woman.[1]
See main article: Noon language.
They speak the Noon language, which is one of the Cangin languages rather than a dialect of the Serer-Sine language. Their language is closely related to Saafi and the Laalaa language.[6]
See main article: Serer religion and Serer creation myth.
Like many of the Serer group to which they belong, the Noon were very resistant to Islamization, and still adhere to the tenets of Serer religion. The Serer religion involves cosmology, making offerings to Serer ancestral spirits and saints (i.e. the Pangool).[7] [8] [9] The Noon refer to the supreme being as Kokh Kox (probably derived from the deity Kooh).[1] [10]