Nonclassic eicosanoid explained
Nonclassic eicosanoids are biologically active signaling molecules made by oxygenation of twenty-carbon fatty acids other than the classic eicosanoids.
Terminology
See main article: article and Eicosanoid. "Eicosanoid" is the collective[1] term for oxygenated derivatives of three different 20-carbon essential fatty acids - Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Arachidonic acid (AA) and Dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA).
Current usage limits the term to the leukotrienes (LT) and three types of prostanoids - prostaglandins (PG) prostacyclins (PGI), and thromboxanes (TX). However, several other classes can technically be termed eicosanoid, including the eoxins, hepoxilins, resolvins, isofurans, isoprostanes, lipoxins, epi-lipoxins, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and endocannabinoids. LTs and prostanoids are sometimes termed 'classic eicosanoids' [2] [3] [4] in contrast to the 'novel', 'nonclassic' or 'eicosanoid-like' eicosanoids.[5] [6] [7] [8]
The classic eicosanoids are autocrine and paracrine mediators, active at micromolar concentrations (or lower), produced with high stereospecificity. They are produced from EFAs (chiefly AA) from either cyclooxygenase (COX) or 5-lipoxygenase.
Broadly, the nonclassic eicosanoids are the products of 20-carbon EFAs and[9]
Also included are
See also
Notes and References
- Funk, Colin D. . Science . 30 November 2001 . 294. 5548 . 1871–1875 . 10.1126/science.294.5548.1871 . Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes: Advances in Eicosanoid Biology . 11729303. 2001Sci...294.1871F .
- Van Dyke TE, Serhan CN . Resolution of inflammation: a new paradigm for the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases . J. Dent. Res. . 82 . 2 . 82–90 . 2003 . 12562878 . 10.1177/154405910308200202 . 40812937 .
- Serhan CN, Gotlinger K, Hong S, Arita M . Resolvins, docosatrienes, and neuroprotectins, novel omega-3-derived mediators, and their aspirin-triggered endogenous epimers: an overview of their protective roles in catabasis . Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat. . 73 . 3–4 . 155–72 . 2004 . 15290791 . 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2004.03.005.
- Anderle P, Farmer P, Berger A, Roberts MA . Nutrigenomic approach to understanding the mechanisms by which dietary long-chain fatty acids induce gene signals and control mechanisms involved in carcinogenesis . Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.) . 20 . 1 . 103–8 . 2004 . 14698023 . 10.1016/j.nut.2003.09.018 .
- Evans AR . Isoprostanes, novel eicosanoids that produce nociception and sensitize rat sensory neurons . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. . 293 . 3 . 912–20 . 2000 . 10869392 . vanc. Junger H . Southall MD . 3 . Nicol . GD . Sorkin . LS . Broome . JT . Bailey . TW . Vasko . MR.
- O'Brien WF, Krammer J, O'Leary TD, Mastrogiannis DS . The effect of acetaminophen on prostacyclin production in pregnant women . Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. . 168 . 4 . 1164–9 . 1993 . 8475962 . 10.1016/0002-9378(93)90362-m.
- Behrendt H, Kasche A, Ebner von Eschenbach C, Risse U, Huss-Marp J, Ring J . Secretion of proinflammatory eicosanoid-like substances precedes allergen release from pollen grains in the initiation of allergic sensitization . Int. Arch. Allergy Immunol. . 124 . 1–3 . 121–5 . 2001 . 11306946 . 10.1159/000053688. 53331 .
- Sarau HM . In vitro and in vivo pharmacological characterization of SB 201993, an eicosanoid-like LTB4 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory activity . Prostaglandins Leukot. Essent. Fatty Acids . 61 . 1 . 55–64 . 1999 . 10477044 . 10.1054/plef.1999.0074 . vanc. Foley JJ . Schmidt DB . 3 . Martin . L.D. . Webb . E.F. . Tzimas . M.N. . Breton . J.J. . Chabot-Fletcher . M. . Underwood . D.C..
- Web site: Prostanoids and Related Products . Cyberlipid Center . 2007-11-02 . https://web.archive.org/web/20070208145938/http://www.cyberlipid.org/prost1/pros0001.htm . 2007-02-08 . dead .
