Non-exercise activity thermogenesis explained

Non-exercise activity thermogenesis, also known as non-exercise physical activity (NEPA),[1] is energy expenditure during activities that are not part of a structured exercise program. NEAT includes physical activity at the workplace, hobbies, standing instead of sitting, walking around, climbing stairs, doing chores, and fidgeting.[2] [3] Besides differences in body composition, it represents most of the variation in energy expenditure across individuals and populations, accounting from 6-10 percent to as much as 50 percent of energy expenditure in highly active individuals.[4]

Relationship with obesity

NEAT is the main component of activity-related energy expenditure in obese individuals, as most do not do any physical exercise. NEAT is also lower in obese individuals than the general population.[4]

NEAT may be reduced in individuals who have lost weight, which some hypothesize contributes to difficulties in achieving and sustaining weight loss.[1]

In Western countries, occupations have shifted from physical labor to sedentary work, which results in a loss of energy expenditure. Strenuous physical labor can require 1500 calories or more per day than desk work.[3]

Relationship with exercise

It is debated whether there is a significant reduction in NEAT after beginning a structured exercise program.[5] [6] [7]

Health benefits

Lack of NEAT is posited as an explanation for health harms for prolonged sitting.[8]

Measurement

Accelerometers and questionnaires can be used to estimate NEAT.[4]

Notes and References

  1. Silva . Analiza M. . Júdice . Pedro B. . Carraça . Eliana V. . King . Neil . Teixeira . Pedro J. . Sardinha . Luís B. . What is the effect of diet and/or exercise interventions on behavioural compensation in non-exercise physical activity and related energy expenditure of free-living adults? A systematic review . British Journal of Nutrition . June 2018 . 119 . 12 . 1327–1345 . 10.1017/S000711451800096X . 29845903 . 44075586 . en . 0007-1145. free .
  2. Saeidifard . Farzane . Medina-Inojosa . Jose R . Supervia . Marta . Olson . Thomas P . Somers . Virend K . Erwin . Patricia J . Lopez-Jimenez . Francisco . Differences of energy expenditure while sitting versus standing: A systematic review and meta-analysis . European Journal of Preventive Cardiology . March 2018 . 25 . 5 . 522–538 . 10.1177/2047487317752186 . 29385357 . 3561544 .
  3. Book: Loeffelholz . Christian von . Birkenfeld . Andreas L. . Endotext [Internet] . 2022 . MDText.com, Inc. . https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK279077/ . en . Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis in Human Energy Homeostasis.
  4. Chung . Nana . Park . Mi-Young . Kim . Jisu . Park . Hun-Young . Hwang . Hyejung . Lee . Chi-Ho . Han . Jin-Soo . So . Jaemoo . Park . Jonghoon . Lim . Kiwon . Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): a component of total daily energy expenditure . Journal of Exercise Nutrition & Biochemistry . 30 June 2018 . 22 . 2 . 23–30 . 10.20463/jenb.2018.0013 . 30149423 . 6058072 . 2233-6834.
  5. Fedewa . Michael V. . Hathaway . Elizabeth D. . Williams . Tyler D. . Schmidt . Michael D. . Effect of Exercise Training on Non-Exercise Physical Activity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials . Sports Medicine . 1 June 2017 . 47 . 6 . 1171–1182 . 10.1007/s40279-016-0649-z . 27873191 . 27543179 . en . 1179-2035.
  6. Washburn . R. A. . Lambourne . K. . Szabo . A. N. . Herrmann . S. D. . Honas . J. J. . Donnelly . J. E. . Does increased prescribed exercise alter non‐exercise physical activity/energy expenditure in healthy adults? A systematic review . Clinical Obesity . February 2014 . 4 . 1 . 1–20 . 10.1111/cob.12040 . 25425128 . 5996763 . en . 1758-8103.
  7. Mansfeldt . Julie Marvel . Magkos . Faidon . Compensatory Responses to Exercise Training As Barriers to Weight Loss: Changes in Energy Intake and Non-exercise Physical Activity . Current Nutrition Reports . 1 June 2023 . 12 . 2 . 327–337 . 10.1007/s13668-023-00467-y . 36933180 . 257603943 . en . 2161-3311.
  8. Levine . James A. . Sick of sitting . Diabetologia . 1 August 2015 . 58 . 8 . 1751–1758 . 10.1007/s00125-015-3624-6 . 26003325 . 2706500 . en . 1432-0428. free . 4519030 .

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