| Building Name: | Nizamaddin Mosque |
| Native Name: | Azerbaijani: Nizaməddin məscidi |
| Map Type: | Azerbaijan |
| Coordinates: | 40.42°N 49.9868°W |
| Religious Affiliation: | Islam |
| Location: | Amirjan, Baku, Azerbaijan |
| Architecture Style: | Islamic architecture, Architectural school of Shirvan-Absheron |
| Year Completed: | 1329-1330 |
| Founded By: | Amir Nizamaddin Kesrani |
Nizamaddin Mosque is a 14th-century mosque located in the Amirjan settlement of Baku, Azerbaijan.
After Azerbaijan regained its independence, the building was included in the list of the country's significant immovable historical and cultural monuments by the decision numbered 132 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001.
Nizamaddin Mosque was constructed in the years 1329–1330 during the rule of the Shirvanshahs in Amirjan. The mosque was built by Amir Nizamaddin Kesrani.[1]
The mosque is adorned with carved and white-colored cut stones. Among the four entrance gates, three have stone inscriptions. The inner area of the prayer hall measures 24x6 meters, with a height of 5 meters. The mihrab (prayer niche) of the mosque is 2 meters tall and has the Arabic word "Allah" inscribed in several places. The walls of the mosque are 1 meter thick, and the height from the floor to the dome's apex is 7.5 meters. The dome's diameter is 6 meters. The mosque does not have a minaret, and the dome's height from the facade is 1.5 meters.
A verse in Persian is written above the door of the central part of the mosque:[2]
The second line written in Arabic reads:[3]
In 1384–1385, Nizamaddin Mosque was renovated by Sharafeddin, and a new portal was constructed in its southern courtyard. A stone inscription was placed above the gate. The inscription, in Arabic, inscribed in two lines, reads:
In 1830–1831, significant and substantial restoration works were carried out at the mosque, including the construction of a new room beside its northern wall. Above the door in the northern side of the west facade of the mosque, two horizontal rectangular inscriptions were placed. The upper inscription in Nastaliq script indicates that the mosque was renovated by the master Suleyman. It appears from historical facts that with each renovation, new additions were made to the architectural elements of the mosque, and the names of those responsible for these additions were reflected in the new inscriptions. One such addition dates back to 1876 when the mosque was renovated and expanded by Fatma Khanim.[4] The inscription states:
In the early 20th century, the mosque needed renovation, and during the construction, a gateway was arranged in the center of the western eyvan (a vaulted hall), in front of the gate built by Nizamaddin, consisting of four stone columns. Above this gate, a one-line inscription in Arabic alphabet reads:
The mosque was constructed on a rock surface, beneath which there is a cellar. It is believed that this cellar might have served as a refuge during wars and raids until the early 19th century. Later, this cellar served as a crypt. During research, coffins and human skeletons were found here. After 1920, the crypt was closed off, and burials were prohibited there.[5]
Soviet occupation initiated an official anti-religious campaign from 1928 onwards. In December of that year, the Azerbaijan Communist Party Central Committee transferred many mosques, churches, and synagogues to the balance sheets of educational clubs for secular use. If in 1917 there were around 3,000 mosques in Azerbaijan, by 1927, this number had decreased to 1,700, and by 1933, it was reduced to 17.[6]
Following the occupation, mosques were closed down.
After the restoration of Azerbaijan's independence, the mosque was included in the list of significant immovable historical and cultural monuments of the country by decision number 132 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001.[7]
In 2020, during the restoration works carried out in the Amirjan settlement, Nizamaddin Mosque underwent restoration as well.[8] [9]