| Yingkou | |
| Other Name: | Yingkow, Ingkow |
| Native Name: | 营口市 |
| Native Name Lang: | zh-Hans |
| Settlement Type: | Prefecture-level city |
| Pushpin Map: | Liaoning |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of the city centre in Liaoning |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | People's Republic of China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Liaoning |
| Seat Type: | Municipal seat |
| Seat: | Xishi District |
| Parts Type: | Districts and Counties |
| Parts Style: | coll |
| P1: | Zhanqian District |
| P2: | Xishi District |
| P3: | Bayuquan District |
| P4: | Laobian District |
| P5: | Dashiqiao City |
| P6: | Gaizhou City |
| Leader Title: | CPC Yingkou |
| Leader Name: | Committee Secretary |
| Leader Title1: | Mayor |
| Leader Name1: | Gao Jun |
| Area Total Km2: | 5502 |
| Area Blank1 Title: | Districts[1] |
| Area Urban Km2: | 712.1 |
| Area Metro Km2: | 1913.2 |
| Population As Of: | 2020 census |
| Population Footnotes: | [2] |
| Population Total: | 2328582 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Density Urban Km2: | auto |
| Population Density Metro Km2: | auto |
| Population Urban: | 1162213 |
| Population Metro: | 1228198 |
| Demographics Type2: | GDP[3] |
| Demographics2 Title1: | Prefecture-level city |
| Demographics2 Info1: | CN¥ 151.4 billion US$ 24.3 billion |
| Demographics2 Title2: | Per capita |
| Demographics2 Info2: | CN¥ 61,925 US$ 9,942 |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Yingkou municipal government |
| Coordinates: | 40.625°N 122.219°W |
| Postal Code Type: | Postal code |
| Postal Code: | 115000 |
| Blank Name: | Licence plates |
| Blank Info: | Chinese: 辽H |
| Blank1 Name: | Administrative division code |
| Blank1 Info: | 210800 |
| Iso Code: | CN-LN-08 |
| Area Code: | 410 |
Yingkou is a coastal prefecture-level city of central southern Liaoning province, People's Republic of China, on the northeastern shore of Liaodong Bay. It is the third-smallest city in Liaoning with a total area of, and the ninth most populous with a population of 2,328,582 as of the 2020 census, of whom 1,228,198 lived in the built-up (or metro) area made of three urban districts (Zhanqian, Xishi and Laobian) and one county-level city (Dashiqiao). It borders the sub-provincial city of Dalian to the south, the prefectural cities of Anshan to the north and east and Panjin to the northwest, and also shares maritime boundaries with Jinzhou and Huludao across the Liaodong Bay to its west.
Located on the east bank of the Daliao River mouth, Yingkou is an important port city, with the Port of Yingkou being the second-largest container port in the Bohai Sea (after the Port of Tianjin) and Northeast China (after the Port of Dalian), the tenth-largest nationwide, and the 25th-busiest worldwide. Yingkou is classified as a Medium-Port Metropolis.[4]
Yingkou was historically known as Newchwang (; Manchu: Ishangga gašan hoton) in postal romanization; it was one of the Treaty Ports opened under the Treaties of Tianjin of 1858. In fact, the actual town of Newchwang was about thirty miles upstream of Liao He, within today's county-level city of Haicheng. After the treaty had been signed, the British found that the river near Newchwang was too shallow for their ships. Instead, the treaty port was moved to the area nearer to the river mouth where today's Yingkou is located.
To avoid confusion between the two locations, careful English writers of the early 20th century would sometimes use Newchwang for Yingkou (explaining that "Ying-kow, ... outside Manchuria, ... is known only as Newchwang") and Niu-chuang (the proper Wade–Giles transcription of 'Chinese: 牛庄') for the actual inland Niuzhuang Town. Meanwhile, Newchwangcheng (Chinese: 牛庄城; postal: Newchwang Town) was adopted by the government as the inland town's name to distinguish it from the coastal city.
Yingkou prefecture is subdivided into 4 districts and 2 cities:
| Map | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population | Area (km²) | Density (/km²) | |
| City Proper | ||||||
| Zhanqian District | Chinese: 站前区 | 310,634 | 36.35 | 8,545.64 | ||
| Xishi District | Chinese: 西市区 | 164,873 | 314.91 | 523.56 | ||
| Laobian District | Chinese: 老边区 | 125,454 | 217.54 | 576.69 | ||
| Suburban | ||||||
| Bayuquan District | Chinese: 鲅鱼圈区 | 431,087 | 280.86 | 1534.88 | ||
| Satellite cities (County-level cities) | ||||||
| Dashiqiao City | Chinese: 大石桥市 | 704,891 | 1,612.11 | 437.25 | ||
| Gaizhou City | Chinese: 盖州市 | 691,595 | 2,953.92 | 234.13 | ||
| Total | 2,428,534 | 5,415.68 | 448.43 | |||
Yingkou is mostly located in the northwestern part of the Liaodong Peninsula, and on the left bank of the mouth of Daliao River, which was historically the main distributary of the lower Liao River and the principal exit of fluvial transports from inland Liaoning into the Bohai Sea.
The city's metro area is located 166km (103miles) south from the provincial capital Shenyang, 204km (127miles) north from Dalian, southwest from Anshan, and 70km (40miles) southeast from Panjin. The city is located at latitude 39° 55'−40° 56' N and longitude 121° 56'−123° 02' E. At its greatest width, the city spans 111.8km (69.5miles) from north to south and 50.7km (31.5miles) from east to west. The total area of the city is 5365km2, occupying a mere 4.9% of the provincial area. The city has a total coastline of 96km (60miles).
Yingkou has a four-season humid continental climate (Köppen Dwa) with strong monsoonal influences. Though the climate is somewhat tempered by the city's location on the Bohai Gulf, winters are long, windy, cold but dry, and summers are hot and humid. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from NaN°C in January to in July, while the annual mean is 9.82°C. Precipitation is somewhat enhanced by the coastal location, with a majority of the annual rainfall occurring in July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 51% in July to 68% in three months, the city receives 2,774 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Yingkou is served by the Yingkou Lanqi Airport.
The city is home to the basketball club Liaoning Flying Leopards of the Chinese Basketball Association. The club brought forth several players of China's national basketball team. It plays its home games at the Benxi Gymnasium.
Jacksonville, Florida, United States - twinned since 1990.
Tver, Russia - twinned since 1994.[6]
Yingkou Port signed a Sister Port agreement with the Hamilton Port Authority of Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in November 2005.[7]