Nitrospirota Explained

Nitrospirota is a phylum of bacteria. It includes multiple genera, such as Nitrospira, the largest. The first member of this phylum, Nitrospira marina, was discovered in 1985.^[1] The second member, Nitrospira moscoviensis, was discovered in 1995.^[2]

Nitrospirota contains nitrifying taxa which oxidize nitrite to nitrate (nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, NOB^[3]) and commamox bacteria Nitrospira inopinata discovered in 2015^{[4] [5]} and cultivated in 2017.^[6]

Taxonomy

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LSPN)^[13] and the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[14]

• Phylum "Nitrospirota" Garrity & Holt 2021
  • Genus "Candidatus Magnetocorallium" Zhao et al. 2023
    • Species "Ca. M. paracelense" Zhao et al. 2023
  • Genus "Candidatus Magnetomicrobium" Zhang et al. 2021
    • Species "Ca. M. cryptolimnococcus" Zhang et al. 2021
  • Genus "Candidatus Nitrobium" Arshad et al. 2017
    • Species "Ca. N. versatile" Arshad et al. 2017
  • Genus "Candidatus Thermomagnetovibrio" Lefèvre et al. 2010
    • Species "Ca. T. paiutensis" Lefèvre et al. 2010
  • Class "Leptospirillia"
    • Order "Leptospirillales"
      • Family "Leptospirillaceae" Cavalier-Smith 2020
        • Genus Leptospirillum Markosyan 1972 ex Hippe 2000
          • Species "L. ferrodiazotrophum" Tyson et al. 2005
          • Species L. ferriphilum Coram & Rawlings 2002
          • Species L. ferrooxidans Markosyan 1972 ex Hippe 2000
          • Species "L. rubarum" Aliaga Goltsman et al. 2009
          • Species L. thermoferrooxidans Hippe 2000
  • Class Nitrospiria Oren et al. 2015
    • Order "Nitrospirales" Garrity & Holt 2001
      • Family "Nitrospiraceae" Garrity & Holt 2001
        • Genus "Candidatus Nitronereus" Mueller et al. 2023
          • Species "Ca. N. thalassa" Mueller et al. 2023
        • Genus "Candidatus Porinitrospira" Taylor et al. 2022
          • Species "Ca. P. cymbastela" Taylor et al. 2022
        • Genus Nitrospira Watson et al. 1986
          • Species "Ca. N. alkalitolerans" Daebeler et al. 2020
          • Species "Ca. N. bockiana" Lebedeva et al. 2008
          • Species N. calida Lebedeva et al. 2011
          • Species N. defluvii Nowka et al. 2015
          • Species "Ca. N. inopinata" Daims et al. 2015
          • Species N. japonica Ushiki et al. 2013
          • Species "Ca. N. kreftii" Sakoula et al. 2021
          • Species N. lenta Nowka et al. 2015
          • Species N. marina Watson et al. 1986 (type sp.)
          • Species N. moscoviensis Ehrich et al. 1995
          • Species "Ca. N. nitrificans" van Kessel et al. 2015
          • Species "Ca. N. nitrosa" van Kessel et al. 2015
          • Species "Ca. N. salsa" Haaijer et al. 2013
    • Order "Troglogloeales" Yu et al. 2022
      • Genus "Candidatus Troglogloea" corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013
        • Species "Ca. T. absolonii" corrig. Kostanjsek et al. 2013
      • Family "Manganitrophaceae" Yu et al. 2022
        • Genus "Candidatus Manganitrophus" Yu & Leadbetter 2020
          • Species "Ca. M. morganii" Yu et al. 2022
          • Species "Ca. M. noduliformans" Yu & Leadbetter 2020
  • Class Thermodesulfovibrionia Umezawa et al. 2021
    • Order "Mariimomonadales" Yoon et al. 2023
      • Family "Mariimomonadaceae" Yoon et al. 2023
        • Genus "Ca. Mariimomonas Yoon et al. 2023
          • Species "Ca. M. ferrooxydans" Yoon et al. 2023
    • Order "Thermodesulfovibrionales" Umezawa et al. 2021
      • Family Dissulfurispiraceae Umezawa et al. 2021
        • Genus Dissulfurispira Umezawa et al. 2021
          • Species D. thermophila Umezawa et al. 2021
      • Family Thermodesulfovibrionaceae Umezawa et al. 2021
        • Genus "Candidatus Magnetobacterium" Spring et al. 1993
          • Species "Ca. M. bavaricum" Spring et al. 1993
          • Species "Ca. M. casense" corrig. Lin et al. 2014
        • Genus "Candidatus Magnetominusculus" Lin et al. 2017
          • Species "Ca. M. xianensis" Lin et al. 2017
        • Genus "Candidatus Magnetovum" corrig. Lefevre et al. 2011
          • Species "Ca. M. chiemensis" Kolinko 2014
          • Species "Ca. M. mohavensis" Lefevre et al. 2011
        • Genus "Candidatus Sulfobium" Zecchin et al. 2018
          • Species "Ca. S. mesophilum" Zecchin et al. 2018
        • Genus Thermodesulfovibrio Henry et al. 1994 emend. Sekiguchi et al. 2008
          • Species T. aggregans Sekiguchi et al. 2008
          • Species T. hydrogeniphilus Haouari et al. 2009
          • Species T. islandicus Sonne-Hansen and Ahring 2000
          • Species T. thiophilus Sekiguchi et al. 2008
          • Species T. yellowstonii Henry et al. 1994 (type sp.)

See also

• Comammox
• Nitrate
• Nitrite
• Nitrogen cycle
• Nitrobacter
• Nitrobacteraceae
• Nitrosomonas
• Nitrospira
• List of bacterial orders
• List of bacteria genera

Further reading

• Lefèvre CT, Frankel RB, Abreu F, Lins U, Bazylinski DA . Culture-independent characterization of a novel, uncultivated magnetotactic member of the Nitrospirae phylum . Environmental Microbiology . 13 . 2 . 538–49 . February 2011 . 20977572 . 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02361.x . subscription .

External links

• Web site: Leptospirillum sp. .

Notes and References

1. Watson SW, Bock E, Valois FW, Waterbury JB, Schlosser U . Nitrospira marina gen. nov. sp. nov.: a chemolithotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacterium. . Arch Microbiol . 144 . 1 . 1–7. 10.1007/BF00454947 . 1986 . 29796511 .
2. Ehrich S, Behrens D, Lebedeva E, Ludwig W, Bock E . A new obligately chemolithoautotrophic, nitrite-oxidizing bacterium, Nitrospira moscoviensis sp. nov. and its phylogenetic relationship . Archives of Microbiology . 164 . 1 . 16–23 . July 1995 . 7646315 . 10.1007/BF02568729 . 2702110 .
3. Daims H, Nielsen JL, Nielsen PH, Schleifer KH, Wagner M . In situ characterization of Nitrospira-like nitrite-oxidizing bacteria active in wastewater treatment plants . Applied and Environmental Microbiology . 67 . 11 . 5273–84 . November 2001 . 11679356 . 93301 . 10.1128/AEM.67.11.5273-5284.2001 . 2001ApEnM..67.5273D .
4. Daims H, Lebedeva EV, Pjevac P, Han P, Herbold C, Albertsen M, Jehmlich N, Palatinszky M, Vierheilig J, Bulaev A, Kirkegaard RH, von Bergen M, Rattei T, Bendinger B, Nielsen PH, Wagner M . 6 . Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria . Nature . 528 . 7583 . 504–9 . December 2015 . 26610024 . 5152751 . 10.1038/nature16461 . 2015Natur.528..504D .
5. van Kessel MA, Speth DR, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH, Op den Camp HJ, Kartal B, Jetten MS, Lücker S . 6 . Complete nitrification by a single microorganism . Nature . 528 . 7583 . 555–9 . December 2015 . 26610025 . 4878690 . 10.1038/nature16459 . 2015Natur.528..555V .
6. Kits KD, Sedlacek CJ, Lebedeva EV, Han P, Bulaev A, Pjevac P, Daebeler A, Romano S, Albertsen M, Stein LY, Daims H, Wagner M . 6 . Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic lifestyle . Nature . 549 . 7671 . 269–272 . September 2017 . 28847001 . 5600814 . 10.1038/nature23679 . 2017Natur.549..269K .
7. Web site: The LTP . 20 November 2023.
8. Web site: LTP_all tree in newick format. 20 November 2023.
9. Web site: LTP_08_2023 Release Notes. 20 November 2023.
10. Web site: GTDB release 08-RS214 . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
11. Web site: bac120_r214.sp_label . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
12. Web site: Taxon History . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
13. Web site: Euzéby JP . "Nitrospirae" . List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). 2016-03-20.
14. Web site: Sayers. Nitrospirae . National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database . 2016-03-20 .