Nisoish languages explained

Nisoish
Also Known As:Southeastern Loloish
Region:Southern China, Vietnam
Ethnicity:Yi people, Phula people
Familycolor:Sino-Tibetan
Fam2:Lolo-Burmese
Fam3:Loloish
Fam4:Ni–Li–Kazhuoish
Child1:Northern Loloish (Nisoid)
Child2:Southeastern Loloish (Axi-Puoid)
Glotto:sout3212
Glottorefname:Southeastern Ngwi

The Nisoish or Yi languages, which contains both the Northern Loloish (Northern Ngwi) and Southeastern Loloish (Southeastern Ngwi) branches, are a branch of the Loloish languages proposed by Lama (2012). Northern Loloish and Southeastern Loloish were established by Bradley (1997), while the Nisoish group combining Bradley's two branches was proposed by Ziwo Lama (2012). Lama (2012) refers to Northern Loloish as Nisoid or Nisu–Lope, and Southeastern Loloish as Axi–Puoid.

Classification history

In the past, Southeastern Loloish languages had variously been classified as Northern Loloish or Central Loloish, but were later recognized as forming a separate branch of Loloish by Bradley (2002).[1] Jamin Pelkey (2011:368-371) also noted that Southeastern Loloish and Northern Loloish branches are likely to be sister branches with each other. Shortly later, Ziwo Lama's (2012) computational phylogenetic analysis of the Lolo-Burmese languages gave further support to Pelkey's hypothesis. Northern Loloish and Southeastern Loloish languages were also found to constitute a single branch in Satterthwaite-Phillips' (2011) computational phylogenetic analysis of the Lolo-Burmese languages, who considers Nasu, Nosu, Nisu, and Samei as belonging to the same branch.[2]

Languages

Lama (2012)'s Nisoish branch is contains two subgroups, namely Axi–Puoid (also known as Southeastern Loloish) and Nisoid (also known as Northern Loloish). Lama (2012) gives the following internal phylogeny for the Nisoish branch.

Four of the six Yi languages (fangyan 方言) officially recognized by the Chinese government belong to Lama's Nisoish clade.

However, the remaining two of the six officially recognized Yi languages belong to Lama's Lisoish clade.

Phonological innovations

Lama (2012) lists the following changes from Proto-Loloish as phonological innovations among various branches and languages of Nisoish.

Demographics and varieties

Wang (2003)

Yiyu Fangyan Bijiao Yanjiu (彝语方言比较研究) by Wang Chengyou (王成有) (2003)[3] gives phonological inventories for Yi (Nisoish) languages spoken in the following locations.

  1. Miyajing, Sanhe, Nanhua County 南华县三河底米丫井村[4]
  2. Zhuangke, Zhuangke, Yao'an County 姚安县庄科乡庄科村[5]
  3. Langzhe, Yunshan, Yongsheng County 永胜县云山乡朗者村[6]
  4. Lang'e, Lang'e, Yongsheng County 永胜县莨莪乡茛莪村[7]
  5. Zhijuxiao, Zhonghe, Yongren County 永仁县中和乡直苴小村[8]
  6. Hongmai, Lijiang 丽江红麦; Tanglang language 堂郎语[9]
  7. Huazhuqing, Xin'an, Mojiang County 思茅地区墨江县新安乡滑竹箐[10]
  8. Hemezha, Digengzuo, Buqi, Tanhua, Dayao County 大姚县昙华乡补期地耕作黑么鲊村
  9. Aiguo, Yangjiang, Weishan County 巍山县漾江农场爱国村[11]
  10. Sanjia, Chongfeng, Weishan County 巍山县冲锋乡三家村
  11. Lewuju, Wule, Nanjian County 南涧县五乐乡五具村[12]
  12. Yanzijiao, Guanting, Jingxing, Mojiang County 思茅地区墨江县景星乡官厅岩子脚村[13]
  13. Xiaoguangshan, Baoxiu, Shiping County 红河州石屏县宝秀乡小光山村[14]
  14. Zuoluo, Honghe County 红河州红河县座落村[15]
  15. Zhuyuan, Zhuyuan, Laochang District, Xinping County 新平县老厂区竹园乡竹园村[16]
  16. Suomili, Laowudou, Xinping County 新平县老五斗乡梭咪里村
  17. Washaozong, Tadian, Eshan County 峨山县塔甸乡瓦哨宗村[17]
  18. Suxiong, Ganluo County 凉山州甘洛县苏雄乡
  19. Laodashu, 2nd Township, Huili County 凉山州会理县第二乡老大树
  20. Lizi, Hongma, Xide County 凉山州喜德县红玛乡李子村
  21. Damaichong (upper village), Hejia, Liangshan, Yuanmou County 元谋县凉山乡何家村大麦冲上队[18]
  22. Daxingzhai, Wenshan County 文山县大兴寨; Zuoke language 坐柯
  23. Huangzhai (small village), Gaodeng, Wenshan County 文山县高登乡村公所荒寨小队;[19] Azhapu language 阿扎仆
  24. Longshu, Qiubei County 丘北县龙树村; Axi Touruo language 阿细拖若
  25. Anwang, Guangnan County 广南县安王村;[20] Flowery Lolo 花倮
  26. Long'an, Funing County 富宁县龙安;[21] White Lolo 白倮
  27. Musang, Funing County 富宁县木桑村;[22] Black Lolo 黑倮
  28. Sayingpan, Luquan, Kunming City 昆明市禄劝撒营盘[23]
  29. Banaji, Wuding County 武定县罢纳吉村
  30. Chijiabi, Biji, Xishan, Kunming City 昆明市西山区碧鸡乡赤甲碧村[24]
  31. 2nd Village, Wafei, 5th District, Zhenxiong County 镇雄县五区娃飞乡二村[25]
  32. Laolin, Yanshan District, Zhaotong County 昭通县盐山区老林乡
  33. Jingdi, Sayu, Zhaotong County 昭通县洒渔乡井底村[26]
  34. Longjie, 9th Township, Weining County 威宁县九乡龙街
  35. Dafang County 大方县
  36. Pan County 盘县
  37. De'e, Longlin County 隆林县德峨
  38. Axi 阿细: Xiaolongpu, Huakou, Xishan, Mile County 弥勒县西三镇花口村公所小龙铺村[27]
  39. Azhe 阿哲: Zhongzhai, Wushan, Mile County 弥勒县五山中寨村[28]
  40. Gupo 古泼: Songshulin, Niupo, Wushan, Mile County 弥勒县五山乡牛坡村公所松树林村[29]
  41. Sani 撒尼: Fengwu, Wujiepu, Luxi County 泸西县午街铺镇凤午村[30]
  42. Pula 濮拉: Wudupi, Chongmen, Mazheshao, Kaiyuan County 开远县马者哨乡冲门村委会乌都皮村[31]
  43. Nisu 尼苏: Baishengzhai (upper village), Baishengzhai, Yuanyang County 元阳县百胜寨乡百胜寨上村[32]
  44. Naisu 乃苏: Weisuo, Wushan, Mile County 弥勒县五山乡围锁村[33]

YYFC (1983)

YYFC (1983)[34] gives vocabulary lists for Yi (Nisoish) languages spoken in the following locations.

YYFC (1983) was subsequently republished as Zhang (2017).[50]

References

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Book: Bradley, David . Medieval Tibeto-Burman Languages . 2002 . Brill . Beckwith . Christopher . Leiden . 73–112 . en . The Subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman . Blezer . Henk.
  2. Satterthwaite-Phillips . Damian . Phylogenetic Inference of the Tibeto-Burman Languages or on the Usefulness of Lexicostatistics (And "Megalo"-Comparison) for the Subgrouping of Tibeto-Burman . 2011 . Ph.D. . Stanford University . en.
  3. Book: Wang, Chengyou 王成有 . Yíyǔ fāngyán bǐjiào yánjiū . 2003 . Sichuan minzu chubanshe . 7-5409-2765-8 . Chengdu . zh . zh:彝语方言比较研究.
  4. Web site: Nánhuá Xiàn Shāqiáo Zhèn Mǐyājǐng Cūnwěihuì . zh:南华县沙桥镇米垭井村委会 . Miyajing Village Committee, Shaqiao Town, Nanhua County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230185816/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=110028 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  5. Web site: Zhuāngkē Cūnwěihuì . zh:庄科村委会 . Zhuangke Village Committee . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230182916/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=67393 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  6. Web site: Yǒngshèng Xiàn Liùdé Lìsùzú Yízú Xiāng Yíngshān Cūnwěihuì Lǎngzhě Cūn . zh:永胜县六德傈僳族彝族乡营山村委会朗者村 . Langzhe Village, Yingshan Village Committee, Liude Lisu and Yi Ethnic Township, Yongsheng County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230190249/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vdefault.aspx?departmentid=81284 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  7. Web site: Yǒngshèng Xiàn Chénghǎi Zhèn Làngé Cūnwěihuì . zh:永胜县程海镇莨峨村委会 . Lang'e Village Committee, Chenghai Town, Yongsheng County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230190517/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vdefault.aspx?departmentid=16090 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  8. Web site: Yǒngrén Xiàn Zhōnghé Zhèn Zhíjū Cūnwěihuì . zh:永仁县中和镇直苴村委会 . Zhiju Village Committee, Zhonghe Town, Yongren County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230181411/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=166639 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  9. Web site: Yùlóng Nàxīzú Zìzhìxiàn Tàiān Xiāng Hóngmài Cūnwěihuì . zh:玉龙纳西族自治县太安乡红麦村委会 . Hongmai Village Committee, Tai'an Township, Yulong Naxi Autonomous County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193810/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=237017 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  10. Web site: Mòjiāng Hānízú Zìzhìxiàn Xīn'ān Xiāng Xīnshēng Cūnwěihuì Huázhúqìng Zìráncūn . zh:墨江哈尼族自治县新安乡新生村委会华竹箐自然村 . Huazhuqing Natural Village, Xinsheng Village Committee, Xin'an Township, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193754/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=198979 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  11. Web site: Wēishān Yízú Huízú Zìzhìxiàn Qīnghuá Xiāng Yàngjiāng . zh:巍山彝族回族自治县青华乡漾江 . Yangjiang, Qinghua Township, Weishan Yi and Hui Autonomous County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230192148/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vdefault.aspx?departmentid=48541 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  12. http://ww.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=30418
  13. Web site: Mòjiāng Hānízú Zìzhìxiàn Jǐngxīng Xiāng Guāntīng Cūnwěihuì Yánzijiǎo Zìráncūn . zh:墨江哈尼族自治县景星乡官厅村委会岩子脚自然村 . Yanzijiao Natural Village, Guanting Village Committee, Jingxing Township, Mojiang Hani Autonomous County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230190211/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=178710 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  14. Web site: Shípíng Xiàn Bǎoxiù Zhèn Xiǎoguānshān Cūnwěihuì . zh:石屏县宝秀镇小官山村委会 . Xiaoguanshan Village Committee, Baoxiu Town, Shiping County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230190454/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=130072 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  15. Web site: Hónghé Xiàn Bǎohuá Xiāng Bǎohuá Cūnwěihuì Zuòluò Cūn . zh:红河县宝华乡宝华村委会座落村 . Zuoluo Village, Baohua Village Committee, Baohua Township, Honghe County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230184618/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=174466 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  16. http://ww.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=250307
  17. Web site: Éshān Xiàn Tǎdiān Zhèn Wǎshàozōng Cūnmín Wěiyuánhuì . zh:峨山县塔甸镇瓦哨宗村民委员会 . Washaozong Village Committee, Tadian Town, Eshan County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230185809/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=249685 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  18. Web site: Yuánmóu Xiàn Liángshān Xiāng Nàdí Cūnwěihuì Dàmàichōng Shàng Cūn . zh:元谋县凉山乡那迪村委会大麦冲上村 . Damaichong Upper Village, Nadi Village Committee, Liangshan Township, Yuanmou County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230184224/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vdefault.aspx?departmentid=60949 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  19. Web site: Wénshān Shì Dōngshān Yízú Xiāng Huāngzhài Cūnmín Wěiyuánhuì Huāngzhài . zh:文山市东山彝族乡荒寨村民委员会荒寨 . Huangzhai Village Committee, Dongshan Yi Ethnic Township, Wenshan City . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230184506/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=222807 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  20. Web site: Guǎngnán Xiàn Nánpíng Zhèn Ānwáng Cūnwěihuì . zh:广南县南屏镇安王村委会 . Anwang Village Committee, Nanping Town, Guangnan County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230190258/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=229619 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  21. Web site: Fùníng Xiàn Mùyāng Zhèn Mùyāng Cūnwěihuì Lóngāndòng Cūn Xiǎozǔ . zh:富宁县木央镇木央村委会龙安洞村小组 . Longandong Village Group, Muyang Village Committee, Muyang Town, Funing County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230200946/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=196686 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  22. Web site: Fùníng Xiàn Mùyāng Zhèn Dàpíng Cūnwěihuì Mùsāng Cūn Xiǎozǔ . zh:富宁县木央镇大坪村委会木桑村小组 . Musang Village Group, Daping Village Committee, Muyang Town, Funing County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230185913/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=196662 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  23. Web site: 禄劝彝族苗族自治县撒营盘镇新农村建设信息网 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230181402/http://www.ynszxc.net/model/index4.aspx?departmentid=142 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  24. Web site: Xīshān Qū Bìjī Jiēdào Bànshìchù Bìjī Jūwěihuì Chējiābì Cūn Jūmín Xiǎozǔ . zh:西山区碧鸡街道办事处碧鸡居委会车家壁村居民小组 . Chejiabi Village Residents' Group, Biji Residents' Committee, Biji Subdistrict Office, Xishan District . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230185922/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=105629 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  25. Web site: Zhènxióng Xiàn Línkǒu Yízú Miáozú Xiāng Wáfēi Cūnwěihuì . zh:镇雄县林口彝族苗族乡娃飞村委会 . Wafei Village Committee, Linkou Yi and Miao Ethnic Township, Zhenxiong County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230181338/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=73949 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  26. Web site: Zhāoyáng Qū Sūjiǎ Xiāng Jǐngdǐ Cūnmín Wěiyuánhuì . zh:昭阳区苏甲乡井底村民委员会 . Jingdi Villagers Committee, Sujia Township, Zhaoyang District . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193133/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=39438 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  27. Web site: Mílè Xiàn Xīsān Zhèn Huākǒu Cūnmín Wěiyuánhuì Dàlóngpù Cūn . zh:弥勒县西三镇花口村民委员会大龙铺村 . Dalongpu Village, Huakou Village Committee, Xisan Town, Mile County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230202156/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=167494 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  28. Web site: Mílè Xiàn Wǔshān Xiāng Sìjiā Cūnwěihuì Zhōngzhài Cūn . zh:弥勒县五山乡四家村委会中寨村 . Zhongzhai Village, Sijia Village Committee, Wushan Township, Mile County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193137/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=167776 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  29. Web site: Mílè Xiàn Wǔshān Xiāng Niúpíng Cūnwěihuì Sōngshùlín Cūn . zh:弥勒县五山乡牛平村委会松树林村 . Songshulin Village, Niuping Village Committee, Wushan Township, Mile County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230191600/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=167809 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  30. Web site: Lúxī Xiàn Wǔjiēpù Zhèn Fèngwǔ Cūnwěihuì . zh:泸西县午街铺镇凤午村委会 . Fengwu Village Committee, Wujiepu Town, Luxi County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230184510/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=191539 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  31. Web site: Kāiyuǎn Shì Mǎzhěshào Xiāng Chōngmén Cūnwěihuì Wūdōupí Cūn . zh:开远市马者哨乡冲门村委会乌都皮村 . Wudupi Village, Chongmen Village Committee, Mazheshao Township, Kaiyuan City . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230202032/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=148444 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  32. Web site: Yuányáng Xiàn Xīnjiē Zhèn Bǎishèngzhài Cūnwěihuì Bǎishèng Shàng Zhài Cūn . zh:元阳县新街镇百胜寨村委会百胜上寨村 . Baishengzhai Upper Village, Baishengzhai Village Committee, Xinjie Town, Yuanyang County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230190441/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=198552 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  33. Web site: Mílè Xiàn Wǔshān Xiāng Wūyī Cūnwěihuì Wéisuǒ Cūn . zh:弥勒县五山乡乌衣村委会围锁村 . Weisuo Village, Wuyi Village Committee, Wushan Township, Mile County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193332/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=167795 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  34. YYFC (Yunnan University for Nationalities and Guiding Committee of Studying and Working on Yunnan Minority Languages 云南民族大学格云南民族语文指导工作委员会编). 1983. 云南彝语方言 词语汇编 [A Collection of Yi Dialects’ Lexicon in Yunnan] (Handwritten mimeographs, 3 volumes).
  35. Web site: Xúndiān Huízú Yízú Zìzhìxiàn Jījiē Xiāng Sìshào Cūnwěihuì Jìgāshào Cūn . zh:寻甸回族彝族自治县鸡街乡四哨村委会既嘎哨村 . Jigashao Village, Sishao Village Committee, Jijie Township, Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193305/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=32491 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  36. Web site: Luōpíng Xiàn Jiùwūjī Yízú Xiāng Fǎwān Cūnwěihuì Fǎwān Cūn . zh:罗平县旧屋基彝族乡法湾村委会法湾村 . Fawan Village, Fawan Village Committee, Jiuwuji Yi Ethnic Township, Luoping County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230202229/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=9509 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  37. Web site: Guāndù Qū Ālā Yízú Xiāng Pǔzhào Cūnwěihuì Pǔzhào Cūn . zh:官渡区阿拉彝族乡普照村委会普照村 . Puzhao Village, Puzhao Village Committee, Ala Yi Ethnic Township, Guandu District . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193107/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=79208 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  38. Web site: Shílín Yízú Zìzhìxiàn Guīshān Zhèn Xiǎoguīshān Cūnwěihuì Yěhétáoshù Zìráncūn . zh:石林彝族自治县圭山镇小圭山村委会野核桃树自然村 . Yehetaoshu Natural Village, Xiaoguishan Village Committee, Guishan Town, Shilin Yi Autonomous County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230184200/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=111734 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  39. Web site: Mílè Xiàn Dōngshān Zhèn Shěmù Cūnwěihuì Jíyǔpō Cūn . zh:弥勒县东山镇舍木村委会吉雨坡村 . Jiyupo Village, Shemu Village Committee, Dongshan Town, Mile County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230202143/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=166794 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  40. Web site: Mílè Xiàn Xīyī Zhèn Yóuzhà Cūnwěihuì . zh:弥勒县西一镇油榨村委会 . Youzha Village Committee, Xiyi Town, Mile County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230182621/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=167614 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  41. Web site: Mílè Xiàn Xīyī Zhèn Qǐfēi Cūnwěihuì Dàpíngdì Cūn . zh:弥勒县西一镇起飞村委会大平地村 . Dapingdi Village, Qifei Village Committee, Xiyi Town, Mile County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193127/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=167630 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  42. Web site: Mílè Xiàn Wǔshān Xiāng Sìjiā Cūnwěihuì Zhōngzhài Cūn . zh:弥勒县五山乡四家村委会中寨村 . Zhongzhai Village, Four Village Committee, Wushan Township, Mile County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193137/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=167776 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  43. Web site: Yànshān Xiàn Gànhé Yízú Xiāng Kǎjí Cūnmínwěi Dǎtiělǎozhài . zh:砚山县干河彝族乡卡吉村民委打铁老寨 . Datielaozhai, Kaji Village Committee, Ganhe Yi Ethnic Township, Yanshan County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193144/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=90480 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  44. Web site: Fùníng Xiàn Mùyāng Zhèn Dàpíng Cūnwěihuì Mùsāng Cūn Xiǎozǔ . zh:富宁县木央镇大坪村委会木桑村小组 . Musang Village Group, Daping Village Committee, Muyang Town, Funing County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230185913/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=196662 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  45. Web site: Xīnpíng Xiàn Lǎochǎng Xiāng Zhúyuán Cūnmín Wěiyuánhuì . zh:新平县老厂乡竹园村民委员会 . Zhuyuan Village Committee, Laochang Township, Xinping County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230203903/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vIndex.aspx?departmentid=250307 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  46. Web site: Yǒngrén Xiàn Zhōnghé Zhèn Tādejū Cūnwěihuì Xiǎozhíjū Cūn . zh:永仁县中和镇他的苴村委会小直苴村 . Xiaozhiju Village, Taju Village Committee, Zhonghe Town, Yongren County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230184427/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=166638 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  47. Web site: Yǒngshèng Xiàn Liùdé Lìsùzú Yízú Xiāng Liùdé Cūnwěihuì . zh:永胜县六德傈僳族彝族乡六德村委会 . Liude Village Committee, Lisu and Yi Ethnic Township, Liude County, Yongsheng County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230184447/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vindex.aspx?departmentid=81256 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  48. Web site: Yǒngshèng Xiàn Chénghǎi Zhèn Làngé Cūnwěihuì . zh:永胜县程海镇莨峨村委会 . Lang'e Village Committee, Chenghai Town, Yongsheng County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230190517/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vdefault.aspx?departmentid=16090 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  49. Web site: Yuánmóu Xiàn Liángshān Xiāng Nàdí Cūnwěihuì Dàmàichōng Shàng Cūn . zh:元谋县凉山乡那迪村委会大麦冲上村 . Damaichong Upper Village, Nadi Village Committee, Liangshan Township, Yuanmou County . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230184224/http://www.ynszxc.net/villagePage/vdefault.aspx?departmentid=60949 . 2018-12-30 . 2018-12-30 . ynszxc.net . zh.
  50. Book: Zhang, Tingxian 张廷献. Yunnan Yiyu fangyan ciyuhui bian 云南彝语方言词语汇编. Kunming. Yunnan People's Publishing House 云南民族出版社. 2017. 978-7-5367-7323-3.

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