Nirvana discography explained
Artist: | Nirvana |
Studio: | 3 |
Live: | 5 |
Compilation: | 4 |
Video: | 7 |
Ep: | 2 |
Music Videos: | 8 |
Singles: | 21 |
Option: | 17 |
Option Name: | Miscellaneous |
The discography of Nirvana, an American rock band, consists of three studio albums, twenty-one singles, five live albums, two extended plays, four compilation albums, and three box sets.
Nirvana was formed in 1987 by vocalist and guitarist Kurt Cobain and bassist Krist Novoselic, with the position of drummer being filled by various musicians. The band released its debut album, Bleach, in 1989 on independent label Sub Pop. After being joined by final drummer Dave Grohl and signing to Geffen Records subsidiary DGC Records, the band released its second studio album, Nevermind, which became one of the best selling alternative albums of the 1990s[1] [2] and popularized the Seattle grunge movement and alternative music.[3] The band's third album, In Utero, was also a commercial and critical success, though it did not match the sales precedent set by Nevermind—as the members of the band expected.[4] Nirvana disbanded in 1994 after the death of Cobain; since then several posthumous releases have been issued from the band, which once resulted in a legal conflict between Cobain's widow, Courtney Love, and the surviving members of the band over the release of the song "You Know You're Right".[5] In 2006, Love sold a significant share of the rights to Cobain's song catalog to Primary Wave Music Publishing.[6] Since its debut, the band has sold 27.6 million albums in the United States alone,[7] and over 75 million records worldwide.[8]
Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
Box sets
Extended plays
Singles
Retail singles
NotesPromotional singles
NotesSplit singles
!style="width:3em;font-size:85%"|
EU[74] !style="width:3em;font-size:85%"| UK
[75] |-! scope="row"|
"Candy" / "Molly's Lips"|rowspan="2"| 1991|
The Fluid| —| —| —|-! scope="row"|
"Here She Comes Now" / "Venus in Furs"| Melvins| —| —| —|-! scope="row"|
"Puss" / "Oh, the Guilt"| 1993|
The Jesus Lizard| 3| 36| 12|-! scope="row"| "
About a Girl" / "
Blind Man"| 1994| rowspan="2" | Aerosmith| —| —| —|-! scope="row"|"The Man Who Sold the World" / "
Walk on Water"| 1995| —| —| —|-| colspan="8" |"—" denotes releases that did not chart or were not released in that territory.|}
Notes
Other charted and certified songs
Music videos
Video albums
NotesOther appearances
Unreleased songs
Courtney Love stated in May 2002 that she owned 109 unreleased tapes made by Cobain, with or without the other members of Nirvana.[113] Of these songs, many were released on the 61 song box set With the Lights Out in 2004, with three "freshly unearthed" songs appearing on the compilation in 2005.[114] More unreleased Nirvana tracks were released on the deluxe and super deluxe 20th anniversary editions of the Nevermind and In Utero albums in 2011 and 2013 respectively.[115] [116] [117] Many more unreleased songs were released on in 2015 which was the companion soundtrack to the film .[118] Brett Morgen stated that in Cobain's archive he discovered over 200 hours of audio on over 108 cassettes and that he thought the solo album "would be a nice complement to the film".[118]
See also
External links
Notes and References
- Web site: No Dog Days of Summer for Teen Toppers. Recording Industry Association of America. August 31, 1999. July 25, 2007. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070930181726/http://www.riaa.com/newsitem.php?news_year_filter=&resultpage=112&id=04931F67-2568-34EA-7AF6-4F1130A3B64A. September 30, 2007.
- Web site: Top 100 Albums . . July 25, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20070701162536/http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=tblTop100 . July 1, 2007 .
- Web site: Olsen, Eric. 2004. 10 years later, Cobain lives on in his music . http . Today.com . June 21, 2006.
- Gaar, Gillian G. (2006). In Utero 33⅓. New York: Continuum. . p. 3
- Web site: Courtney Love Sues Grohl And Novoselic, Blocks Nirvana Rarity. https://web.archive.org/web/20010703092849/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1444878/20010629/nirvana.jhtml. dead. July 3, 2001. vanHorn, Teri. MTV.com. June 29, 2001. September 5, 2007.
- Courtney Sells Nirvana Rights Share. https://web.archive.org/web/20060405040622/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/9549408/courtney_sells_nirvana_rights_share. dead. April 5, 2006. Lash, Jolie. Rolling Stone. March 30, 2006. September 5, 2007.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20161007080058/http://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/chart-beat/7511240/ask-billboard-rihannas-quirky-record-in-the-hot-100s-top-10-with. Trust. Gary. Ask Billboard: Rihanna's (Quirky) Record in the Hot 100's Top 10 With 'Needed Me'. Billboard. September 18, 2016. October 6, 2016. October 7, 2016. bot: unknown.
- Web site: Nirvana to be Inducted to the Rock Hall of Fame in 2014. Gupta. Rapti. December 17, 2013. October 28, 2018. International Business Times.
- Nirvana – Chart History: Billboard 200. Billboard. November 10, 2009.
- Australian (ARIA Chart) peaks:
- Peaks within the top 50: Web site: Discography Nirvana. australian-charts.com. Hung Medien. September 30, 2015.
- Peaks between 51–100 until December 2010: 204.
- For: Sliver: The Best of the Box: Web site: ARIA Chart report 5th December 2005. https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20051219130000/http://pandora.nla.gov.au/pan/23790/20051220-0000/Issue823.pdf. dead. 2005-12-19. pandora.nla.gov.au. Pandora, Australia's Web Archives. July 26, 2010.
- Web site: Discographie Nirvana . austriancharts.at. Hung Medien . August 22, 2007 . de .
-
- Web site: Discografie Nirvana. dutchcharts.nl. Hung Medien. August 22, 2007 . nl.
- Web site: Discography Nirvana. charts.nz. Hung Medien. July 22, 2016.
- Web site: Discography Nirvana . swedishcharts.com. Hung Medien . August 25, 2007 .
- Web site: Suche nach: Nirvana . HitParade.ch . August 22, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20121110104238/http://hitparade.ch/search.asp?search=Nirvana&cat=a . November 10, 2012 .
- UK peaks:
- Australia. 1996. album. July 9, 2021.
- United Kingdom. Nirvana. April 12, 2024.
- Web site: Shania, Backstreet, Britney, Eminem And Janet Top All Time Sellers. David. Barry. New York. Music Industry News Network. Bertelsmann Music Group. February 18, 2003. August 1, 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20030703090845/http://www.mi2n.com/press.php3?press_nb=47877 . July 3, 2003 .
- https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/470039/billboard-bits-nirvanas-nevermind-to-be-re-released-no-more-guest-stars-on-glee Billboard Bits: Nirvana's 'Nevermind' To Be Re-Released, No More Guest Stars on 'Glee'
- Sweden. album. 1998. October 21, 2011.
- Austria. Nirvana.
- Finland. Nirvana. July 1, 2012.
- Switzerland. Nirvana.
- Canada. Nirvana. September 26, 2015.
- Netherlands. Nirvana. August 6, 2018.
- New Zealand. 1727. album. Nirvana. Nevermind. May 9, 2017.
- Web site: Week Ending Sept. 29, 2013. Albums: Drake, Cher Set Records . Grein, Paul . Chart Watch . . October 1, 2013 . October 11, 2013 . October 12, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20131012111209/http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/chart-watch/week-ending-sept-29-2013-albums-drake-cher-022609358.html . live .
- https://www.nme.com/photos/20-things-you-didn-t-know-about-in-utero/320504#/photo/18 Nirvana: 20 Things You Didn't Know About 'In Utero'
- United States. Nirvana. August 4, 2007.
- New Zealand. 2010. album. December 15, 2014. archive.
- New Zealand. Nirvana. MTV Unplugged in New York. 3686. album. May 9, 2017.
- Australia. 2024. album. March 8, 2024.
- News: Nirvana's Live at the Paramount will be released on vinyl . February 26, 2019 . kerrang.com . . February 26, 2019.
- Aubrey . Elizabeth . Nirvana's famed 'Live at the Paramount' concert is being released on vinyl . February 26, 2019 . . February 26, 2019.
- Kaufman . Gil . Nirvana 'Live and Loud' Album Due Out on Streaming, Vinyl . July 22, 2019 . . August 7, 2019.
- Sweden. album. 2002. September 11, 2021.
- Web site: Certifications March 26 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20061001180225/http://www.radioscope.co.nz/afawcs0115079/ID=3448/SID=1007968673/productdetails.html. 1 October 2006. September 19, 2022. radioscope.co.nz. en. dead.
- January 20, 1996 . Top National Sellers. Music & Media. 15 . October 28, 2018.
- Web site: Discographie Nirvana . lescharts.com. June 21, 2016 . fr.
- For before and up to 2005: Album Chart-Book Complete Edition 1970–2005. Orikonmāketingupuromōshon (2006). .
- For "Live at Reading": Nirvana – Live at Reading oricon ME. Retrieved May 25, 2015. (language Japanese)
- Book: Lazell, Barry . 1997 . Indie Hits 1980-1989 . . August 1, 2020 . bot: unknown . https://web.archive.org/web/20110606210333/http://www.cherryred.co.uk/books/indiehits/n.htm . June 6, 2011. 978-0-9517206-9-1. 38292499.
- News: November 18, 1989 . Charts - Indie Singles . . 35 . . August 1, 2020.
- Web site: DAY-BY-DAY HISTORY: 1989. LiveNirvana.com. July 30, 2007.
- Web site: [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r297515|pure_url=yes}} Hormoaning: Review]. Bekkala, Steve. Allmusic. July 30, 2007.
- https://www.billboard.com/artist/nirvana/chart-history/hsi/ "Nirvana – Chart History: Hot 100".
- For "Smells Like Teen Spirit": Web site: Radio2 top 30: 25 January 1992. Radio 2. March 10, 2023. nl. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160323011528/http://www.radio2.be/top-30/1992/01/25. March 23, 2016.
- For "Come as You Are": Web site: Radio2 top 30: 18 April 1992. Radio 2. March 10, 2023. nl. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160401033939/http://www.radio2.be/top-30/1992/04/18. April 1, 2016.
- For "Lithium": Web site: Radio2 top 30: 22 August 1992. Radio 2. March 10, 2023. nl. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20151227003746/http://www.radio2.be/top-30/1992/08/22. December 27, 2015.
- For "Heart-Shaped Box": Web site: Radio2 top 30: 2 October 1993. Radio 2. March 10, 2023. nl. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305034942/http://www.radio2.be/top-30/1993/10/02. March 5, 2016.
- For "Rape Me": Web site: Radio2 top 30: 5 February 1994. Radio 2. March 10, 2023. nl. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160321203628/http://www.radio2.be/top-30/1994/02/05. March 21, 2016.
- For "About a Girl": Web site: Radio2 top 30: 24 December 1994. Radio 2. March 10, 2023. nl. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160321202221/http://www.radio2.be/top-30/1994/12/24. March 21, 2016.
- For "Smells Like Teen Spirit": March 21, 1992 . Top Ten Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 26 . March 23, 2019. or March 14, 1992 . Top Ten Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 22 . March 23, 2019.
- For "Come as You Are": March 28, 1992 . Top Ten Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 47 . March 23, 2019. or April 4, 1992 . Top Ten Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 14 . March 23, 2019.
- For "Lithium": August 8, 1992 . Top Ten Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 14 . March 23, 2019. or August 1, 1992 . Top Ten Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 32 . March 23, 2019.
- For "In Bloom" (and others): Book: Pennanen, Timo . 2003 . Sisältää hitin: levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972 . Otava Publishing Company Ltd . 951-1-21053-X.
- For "Heart-Shaped Box": October 9, 1993 . Top 10 Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 13 . March 23, 2019. or October 2, 1993 . Top 10 Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 14 . March 23, 2019.
- For "About a Girl": November 19, 1994 . Top 10 Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 26 . March 23, 2019.
- Web site: Search the Charts. IrishCharts.ie. August 22, 2007.
- For "Smells Like Teen Spirit": September 27, 1992 . Top 10 Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 18 . June 2, 2019.
- For "Come as You Are": December 12, 1992 . Top 10 Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 22 . June 2, 2019.
- For "Lithium": May 29, 1993 . 10 . 22 . Top 10 Sales in Europe . . 34 . June 2, 2019.
- For "In Bloom": February 6, 1993 . Top 10 Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 16 . June 2, 2019.
- For "Heart-Shaped Box": October 16, 1993 . Top 10 Sales in Europe . Music & Media. 18 . July 27, 2018.
- Web site: Search for: Nirvana . SwedishCharts.com . August 22, 2007 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20130929042808/http://swedishcharts.com/search.asp?search=Nirvana&cat=s . September 29, 2013 .
- For all except "Sliver", "About a Girl" and "Pennyroyal Tea": Web site: Nirvana UK Singles Chart Positions. officialcharts.com. December 10, 2014.
- For "Sliver": November 28, 1992 . . Hit Singles . Gallup. Note: original 1991 peak for "Sliver" was number 90, this is the 1992 re-entry peak, number 77, but only the Top 75 archived by OCC for week of December 5, 1992:Web site: UK Singles Chart 29 November 1992 - 05 December 1992 . officialcharts.com . January 3, 2019.
- For "Sliver" and "About a Girl": News: April 26, 2014 . New Entries Spotlight . . 661 . . 29 . May 26, 2020.
- For "Pennyroyal Tea": News: April 26, 2014 . Official Singles Chart . . 661 . . 4 . February 29, 2020. or Web site: CHART LOG UK: NEW ENTRIES UPDATE – CLUK Update 26.04.2014 (wk16). zobbel.de. February 28, 2016.
- Australia. 2024. single. May 21, 2024.
- New Zealand. 3508. single. Nirvana. Smells Like Teen Spirit. July 11, 2016.
- Web site: Swedish single certifications – Nirvana – Smells Like Teen Spirit . . sv . July 11, 2016 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151111185955/http://www.directupload.net/file/d/4168/c7rynnb5_png.htm . November 11, 2015 .
- France. Nirvana. September 18, 2019.
- Australia. single. 2021. February 5, 2022.
- Web site: Nirvana – Chart History: Radio Songs. billboard.com . November 20, 2021.
- For "On a Plain", "The Man Who Sold the World" and "Aneurysm": Nirvana – Chart History: Alternative Songs. . February 24, 2019.
- For "Dumb": Alternative National Airplay . . Radio & Records . June 17, 1994 . 70 . February 24, 2019.
- For "Sappy": Alternative - Songs Reaching Top 15 in 1994 . . Radio & Records . December 16, 1994 . 36 . 'Sappy' charted under the title of 'Verse, Chorus, Verse' which was the title of the song that was used on the 1993 No Alternative compilation album . February 25, 2019.
- For "Drain You": Alternative Top 50 . . Radio & Records . December 20, 1996 . 84 . February 24, 2019.
- Web site: Radio2 top 30: 4 March 1995. Radio 2. May 21, 2024. nl. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20160304051302/http://www.radio2.be/top-30/1995/03/04. March 4, 2016.
- Peaks in Canada:
- M & M Charts Airplay EHR Top 40 . . Music & Media . February 18, 1995 . 33 . January 26, 2019.
- Book: Pennanen, Timo . 2003 . Sisältää hitin: levyt ja esittäjät Suomen musiikkilistoilla vuodesta 1972 . Otava Publishing Company Ltd . 951-1-21053-X.
- July 1, 1995 . M & M Charts Airplay - France . . 27 . March 17, 2024.
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- February 5, 1994 . Single Reviews. 71 . . May 2, 2020.
- February 4, 1994 . Nirvana - "All Apologies" . Hitmakers . 5. May 2, 2020 . Pro CD Includes MTV Unplugged version.
- February 4, 1994 . Mainstream Top 40 . Hitmakers . 17 . May 2, 2020.
- Web site: Unplugged in New York promos . nirvana-discography.com . March 17, 2024.
- Spain. Nirvana. March 18, 2024.
- Web site: ARIA Top 20 Alternative Singles – Week Ending: 21st March, 1993 (from The ARIA Report Issue No. 163.
- Book: March 13, 1993 . Eurochart Hot 100 Singles . Music & Media. 23 . July 27, 2018.
- Web site: Nirvana UK Singles Chart Positions. officialcharts.com. December 10, 2014.
- Web site: ARIA Top 50 Singles Chart. Australian Recording Industry Association. March 21, 2022. March 18, 2022.
- Web site: IFPI Charts Digital Singles Chart (International) Week 10 2022. IFPI Greece. March 21, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220321074505/http://www.ifpi.gr/digital_iel.html. March 21, 2022. el. dead.
- Web site: Slagerlistak - Single Top 40 hit list . slagerlistak.hu . hu . May 7, 2022.
- Web site: Top 100 Singles, Week Ending 18 March 2022. Official Charts Company. March 18, 2022.
- Web site: 2022 12-os savaitės klausomiausi (Top 100). AGATA. lt. March 25, 2022. May 7, 2022.
- Web site: NZ Top 40 Singles Chart. Recorded Music NZ. March 21, 2022. March 19, 2022.
- Web site: Nirvana UK Singles Chart Positions. officialcharts.com. March 18, 2022.
- Nirvana Chart History: Billboard Global 200. Billboard. March 22, 2022.
- Web site: May 9, 2023. Nirvana - "Been a Son" - Platinum. May 9, 2023. ifpi.dk. IFPI Danmark.
- Web site: 'In Bloom' by Nirvana. VH1. MTV Networks. November 12, 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090715074514/http://www.vh1.com/video/play.jhtml?artist=1002&vid=39123. July 15, 2009.
- Web site: 'Smells Like Teen Spirit' by Nirvana. VH1. MTV Networks. November 12, 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090916004909/http://www.vh1.com/video/play.jhtml?artist=1002&vid=18198. September 16, 2009.
- Web site: Music Videos. Kevin Kerslake. November 12, 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20110713144839/http://kevinkerslake.com/musicvideos.htm. July 13, 2011.
- Web site: 'Heart Shaped Box' by Nirvana. VH1. MTV Networks. November 12, 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20081202163645/http://www.vh1.com/video/play.jhtml?artist=1002&vid=112898. December 2, 2008.
- Web site: 'You Know You're Right' by Nirvana. VH1. MTV Networks. November 12, 2009. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090715192201/http://www.vh1.com/video/play.jhtml?artist=1002&vid=18647. July 15, 2009.
- News: Peacock . Tim . Nirvana Shares New Hand-Painted Psychedelic Visual For 'Dumb' . 13 October 2023 . . 13 October 2023.
- For all: Nirvana - Chart History - Music Video Sales . https://web.archive.org/web/20190807155820/https://www.billboard.com/music/nirvana/chart-history/music-video-sales . dead . August 7, 2019 . . August 7, 2019.
- For MTV Unplugged in New York: January 12, 2008. Top Music Videos. Billboard. 59. February 17, 2010.
- For Live at Reading: November 21, 2009 . Top Video Music Sales . . 121 . 46 . 36 . 0006-2510 . March 29, 2013 . Nielsen Business Media . Inc .
- For Live and Loud: Web site: https://www.billboard.com/biz/search/charts?f[0=ts_chart_artistname%3ANirvana&f[1]=itm_field_chart_id%3A388&f[2]=ss_bb_type%3Achart_item&type=2&artist=Nirvana Nirvana – Music Video Sales search results]. billboard.com. September 22, 2016.
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- Australia. video. 2007. July 1, 2014.
- Australia. video. 2008. July 1, 2014.
- Australia. video. 2009. September 11, 2021.
- Australia. video. 2011. July 1, 2014.
- For No Alternative: November 27, 1993 . Billboard 200 . . 126 . December 30, 2022.
- For The Beavis and Butt-head Experience: December 11, 1993 . Billboard 200 . . 144 . December 30, 2022.
- For DGC Rarities Vol. 1: July 30, 1994 . Billboard 200 . . 132 . December 30, 2022.
- Web site: [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r228262|pure_url=yes}} Sub Pop 200]. Torreano, Bradley. Allmusic. July 31, 2007.
- Web site: [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r77138|pure_url=yes}} Teriyaki Asthma, Vols. 1–5]. Huey, Steve. Allmusic. July 31, 2007.
- Web site: [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r73897|pure_url=yes}} Kill Rock Stars]. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. Allmusic. July 31, 2007.
- Web site: [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r23252|pure_url=yes}} The Grunge Years]. Torreano, Bradley. Allmusic. July 31, 2007.
- Web site: [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r23270|pure_url=yes}} Hard to Believe: Kiss Covers Compilation, Pay to Play bootleg album (only release on CD)]. Torreano, Bradley. Allmusic. July 31, 2007.
- Web site: [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r182134|pure_url=yes}} 14 Songs for Greg Sage: Wipers Tribute]. Allmusic. July 31, 2007.
- Web site: [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r188441|pure_url=yes}} No Alternative]. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. Allmusic. July 31, 2007.
- Gaar, 2006. p. 5
- Web site: [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r203116|pure_url=yes}} DGC Rarities, Vol. 1]. Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. Allmusic. September 4, 2007.
- Web site: [{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r231721|pure_url=yes}} Home Alive: The Art of Self Defense]. Parisien, Roch. Allmusic. September 4, 2007.
- Book: Rocco . John . Rocco . Brian . 1998 . The Nirvana Companion: Two Decades of Commentary: A Chronicle of The End of Punk . London . . 224 . 0711969957 . Gaar, Gillian (1997). 'Verse Chorus Verse: The Recording History of Nirvana'. Goldmine..
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- Various Artists, Saturday Night Live: The Musical Performances Vol. 1 & 2. Stranzl, Justin. PopMatters. September 6, 2007.
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- Courtney on Unheard Cobain Songs. Heath, Chris. Rolling Stone. May 14, 2002. July 30, 2007. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20071002121540/http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/nirvana/articles/story/5934736/courtney_on_unheard_cobain_songs. October 2, 2007.
- Web site: Nirvana: Sliver: The Best of the Box Review. Petrusich, Amanda. Pitchfork Media. October 31, 2005. July 30, 2007. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20090113190223/http://www.pitchforkmedia.com/article/record_review/20404-sliver-the-best-of-the-box?artist_title=20404-sliver-the-best-of-the-box. January 13, 2009.
- https://pitchfork.com/news/43320-more-details-on-nirvanas-nevermind-reissue/ More Details on Nirvana's Nevermind Reissue
- https://www.billboard.com/articles/news/468998/nirvanas-nevermind-reissue-to-include-unreleased-recordings Nirvana's 'Nevermind' Reissue to Include Unreleased Recordings
- https://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/inside-nirvanas-rarities-packed-in-utero-reissue-20130813 Inside Nirvana's Rarities-Packed 'In Utero' Reissue – A newly discovered track, plus unreleased demos and live cuts will arrive September 24th
- http://consequence.net/2015/05/on-kurt-cobain-solo-album-youre-eavesdropping-on-him-in-the-most-positive-sense-of-the-word/ On Kurt Cobain solo album, "You're eavesdropping on him … in the most positive sense of the word"