| Nioro du Sahel | |
| Settlement Type: | Commune and town |
| Pushpin Map: | Mali |
| Pushpin Label Position: | bottom |
| Pushpin Mapsize: | 300 |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Mali |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: |  Mali |
| Subdivision Type1: | Region |
| Subdivision Name1: | Kayes Region |
| Subdivision Type2: | Cercle |
| Subdivision Name2: | Nioro du Sahel Cercle |
| Leader Title: | Mayor |
| Leader Name: | Abbas Sylla |
| Population As Of: | 1998 |
| Population Total: | 60,112 |
| Population Blank1 Title: | Ethnicities |
| Utc Offset: | +0 |
| Coordinates: | 15.1833°N -42°W |
Nioro du Sahel, often referred to as simply Nioro, is a town and urban commune in the Kayes Region of western Mali, 241 km from the city of Kayes. It is located 275 miles (by road) north-west of the Malian capital Bamako. As of 1998, the commune had a population of 60,112, although current estimates are nearer to 69,100 people.
Founded in circa 1240 by a Diawando slave named Beydari Tamboura,[1] Nioro attained its greatest height in the eighteenth century as the then-capital of the Bambara kingdom of Kaarta. The town became an important trading center between Upper Senegal and the Sudan.
In the early 1850s, the Toucouleur conqueror El Hadj Umar Tall invaded Kaarta, forcing the kingdom's conversion to Islam; he built a great mosque in Nioro in 1854. Umar Tall's son Ahmadu Tall took refuge in Nioro after the fall of his capital Segou to the French in 1890. His army, led by the Wolof king-in-exile Alboury Ndiaye, failed to defend the city against the advancing colonial army in January 1891.[2]
The town has an airstrip at Nioro Airport.