| Nikolskaya sopka | |||||||||
| Country: | Russia | ||||||||
| Region: | Kamchatka Krai | ||||||||
| Map: | Russia Kamchatka Krai#Russia | ||||||||
| Relief: | yes | ||||||||
| Elevation M: | 108 | ||||||||
| Coordinates: | 53.0203°N 158.6422°W | ||||||||
| Embedded: |
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Nikolskaya sopka (Russian: Нико́льская со́пка), is a (hill) located in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia, close to the historic centre of the city. Nikolskaya sopka has a rich history, in particular, it was the site of military operations during the Siege of Petropavlovsk in 1854. A natural-historical park is located on the sopka. Nikolskaya Sopka is a natural monument.[1] The name "The Sopka of Love" has stuck to the sopka among the people.[2] [3]
Nikolskaya sopka is located on the territory that is the historical centre of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. The base of the second Kamchatka expedition was located on the bay shores surrounded by Nikolskaya and Petrovskaya sopkas, which marked the beginning of the city construction.
The sopka is a favourite recreation place of the townspeople.[4] From the western side, Nikolskaya Sopka is close to Avacha Bay. On this side, there is a narrow strip of rocky beach, bounded by the steep rocky slopes of the sopka. From the central town square on the northern side of the hill, one can walk along this beach to the stairs rising to the isthmus between the hill itself and the Signal cape.[5]
On the slopes of the sopka grows a forest of Erman's birch. According to a 1964 study, some of the trees were over 300 years old, meaning they were older than the city itself.
The sopka is popular among the population largely due to the large number of monuments erected on its slopes to commemorate the heroic defence of the city in 1854.
See main article: Siege of Petropavlovsk.
Most of the fighting during the attack of the Anglo-French squadron on Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky took place in the immediate vicinity and on the slopes of Nikolskaya Sopka. The city defenders had constructed artillery batteries in advance. The closest to the sopka were Battery No. 3 under the command of Alexander Maksutov and Battery No. 7 under the command of V. Koralov. The third battery was located on the isthmus between Nikolskaya sopka and Signal cape. The seventh battery was located on the northern slopes of the sopka. In the course of heavy bombardment from enemy ships, both batteries were completely destroyed, and the defenders were forced to retreat.
After the destruction of the batteries, the attackers landed a landing at the foot of Nikolskaya Sopka, the main purpose of which was to take positions on its top. The Anglo-French landing force, totalling more than 700 men, was opposed by only about 300 defenders of the city. As a result of a fierce battle, the enemy forces were completely defeated and the remnants of the landing force fled back to the ships. As a result of the battle, which lasted about two hours, Russian troops captured the banner of the Gibraltar regiment of marines and a large number of trophies.
In honour of the defenders of Petropavlovsk, several monuments were built on the slopes of Nikolskaya sopka in different years, currently, there are only 4 monuments. The main one is a chapel built in 1912 on the eastern slope of the hill, on the site of the mass grave of soldiers who died during the defence. On the right side of the chapel are buried 35 defenders of the city, on the left - 38 British and French sailors.
Just off the road to the top of the hillside, a metal staircase leads to the Glory monument. The monument was moved to this location in the 1940s. Previously, it was located on a sandy spit near the hillside, which is now on the territory of the seaport. The monument is a black-coloured monument with a spire topped with a patriarchal cross.
About two hundred metres from this monument, in the direction of the isthmus, a monument was built in 1954 to commemorate the centenary of the heroic defence.[6] The monument consists of a quadrangular base lined with light-coloured tiles. On each side there are relief metal images. A cast-iron cannon is placed on the top of the monument.
Another monument is installed on the isthmus between Signal cape and Nikolskaya sopka, where the third battery under the command of Alexander Maksutov was located. In its original version, built in 1959, it was a wooden model of a five-gun battery. In 1967 the wooden cannons were replaced by cast-iron ones.
Before the revolution, any economic and other activities on the territory of Nikolskaya Sopka were prohibited. In the 1920s Komsomol members began to improve the slopes of the hill: gradually paths for walking began to appear. In 1937 a park of culture and recreation was opened on the hill,[7] it had such buildings as a dance floor, a summer theatre, amusement rides, a shooting gallery, a billiard room and a parachute tower. Later on, restaurants also appeared. Folk festivals were held on the territory of the park, especially on holidays such as Fisherman's Day, Navy Day.
At the top of the hill there was a vacant lot, where during the Great Patriotic War training firing was held. In the post-war years, the city's first stadium with a football field was built in its place. In autumn time it hosted the annual regional agricultural exhibition.
In the late 1960s the park of culture and recreation on the slopes of Nikolskaya Sopka lost its importance. The main place of recreation for the citizens became the town square, located on the northern side of the hill. At present, none of the buildings of the park of the Soviet period have survived, only fragments of the metal fence enclosing its territory remain on the eastern side.
In 1961, a television centre was built on the top of the hill, which operated until 2005.
In 1983, Nikolskaya Sopka was given the status of nature monument.[8]
In 2018–2019, the park has undergone significant reconstruction and has become perhaps the most popular recreation spot for citizens and guests of the city.[9]
The first monument on the slopes of Nikolskaya Sopka was a wooden monument erected in 1843 to the French navigator La Pérouse who visited Kamchatka in 1787. During the siege of Petropavlovsk, the monument was destroyed by bombardment from ships of the Anglo-French squadron. A new version of the monument to La Pérouse was built on Leninskaya Street in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky in 1892.[10]