Nikolay Baranov (born 17 March 1960 in Kremenchuk, Ukrainian SSR) was a Soviet sprint canoeist who competed in the early 1980s. He won four medals at the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships with three golds (K-4 10000 m: 1981, 1982, 1983) and a silver (K-4 1000 m: 1981).