| Sport: | Water polo |
| Birth Date: | 11 October 1940 |
| Birth Place: | Moscow, Soviet Union |
Nikolay Fyodorovich Kalashnikov (Russian: Николай Фёдорович Калашников, born 11 October 1940) is a Russian water polo player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1964 Summer Olympics.
In 1964 he was a member of the Soviet team which won the bronze medal in the Olympic water polo tournament. He played all six matches and scored two goals.