| Nicosia | |
| Official Name: | Comune di Nicosia |
| Native Name: | Nẹcọscia |
| Coordinates: | 37.75°N 38°W |
| Region: | Sicily |
| Province: | Province of Enna (EN) |
| Frazioni: | Villadoro |
| Mayor: | Luigi Bonelli |
| Area Total Km2: | 217.78 |
| Population Total: | 13591 |
| Population As Of: | 30 November 2017 |
| Population Demonym: | Nicosiani |
| Elevation M: | 724 |
| Saint: | St Nicholas of Bari |
| Day: | 6 December |
| Postal Code: | 94014 |
| Area Code: | 0935 |
Nicosia (pronounced as /it/; Gallo-Italic of Sicily: Romance languages: Nẹcọscia; Sicilian: Nicusìa) is a comune (municipality) in the province of Enna, in the Italian region of Sicily. It is located at 720 metres above sea level, on a rocky massive culminating in four imposing hills. The origin of Nicosia is uncertain. Nicosia and Troina are the northernmost towns in the province of Enna. The vicinity was traditionally made up of salt mines and arable lands.
For the capital city of Cyprus, see Nicosia.
Engio, Erbita and Imachara are the three cities of antiquity with which historians have attempted to identify Nicosia with, but there is no evidence that the mentioned towns are in fact Nicosia.The present name of the town suggests Greek Origins: it is believed to get its name from Saint Nicholas (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Νίκου Οίκος), who together with San Felix are the patrons of the town, . Another theory suggests it is a derivative of the Greek saying "City of Victory" (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Νίκης Οίκος,).The town is believed to stand on the site of the ancient Engynum.The modern town was founded by Byzantine colonists in the 6th century. It expanded under the Arab domination and later under that of the Normans, who settled numerous immigrants from Lombardy and Piedmont, called "Lombards", giving rise to the Gallo-Italic dialect still spoken in the town and surrounds. King William II made Nicosia a royal city. It played an important strategic role, favoured by its position halfway between Palermo and Messina. It often gave hospitality to important figures, including Emperor Charles V.
Nicosia's past and present town's structure show the artistic and cultural heritage of the Byzantine occupation. Fragments of its history are noticeable everywhere: in its churches, in its palaces, in the villas and even in the poor residential area. The circular net of trails takes the hiker through different parts of town, which is clustered up onto "del Castello", "del Salvatore", "di Monteoliveto" and "dei Cappuccini" rocky hills. Because of its particular structure Nicosia looks like a stairway to the sky. Walking through town, some of the main sights are the medieval and the baroque parts of town, with their aristocratic villas such as "La Motta Salinella", "La Motta S. Silvestro" and "La Via". Nicosia is perhaps better represented by its masserie, witnesses of the rural life and cultural legacy of generations of countrymen.[1]
There are also remains of the Norman castle in the upper part of the town.