| Nikolaus Rüdinger | |
| Birth Date: | 25 March 1832 |
| Birth Place: | Bingen am Rhein, Grand Duchy of Hesse |
| Death Place: | Tutzing |
| Education: | University of Heidelberg, Giessen |
Nikolaus Rüdinger (25 March 1832 - 25 August 1896) was a German anatomist born in Bingen am Rhein, in the Grand Duchy of Hesse (present-day Rhineland-Palatinate).
He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg and Giessen. In 1855 he worked as a prosector at the University of Munich, where in 1870 he was appointed as a professor of anatomy and second curator of the anatomical institute.
Rüdinger is credited for introducing a new method for preservation of corpses in the dissecting room. This procedure involved injections of carbolic acid mixed with glycerine and alcohol. In addition, he is remembered for using photography for anatomical diagnoses. He died in Tutzing on 25 August 1896 at the age of 64.