Nickel oxyacid salts explained

The Nickel oxyacid salts are a class of chemical compounds of nickel with an oxyacid. The compounds include a number of minerals and industrially important nickel compounds.

Nickel(II) sulfate can crystallise with six water molecules yielding Retgersite or with seven making Morenosite which is isomorphic to Epsom salts. These contain the hexaquanickel(II) ion.[1] There is also an anhydrous form, a dihydrate and a tetrahydrate, the last two crystallised from sulfuric acid. The hexahydrate has two forms, a blue tetragonal form, and a green monoclinic form, with a transition temperature around 53 °C.[2] The heptahydrate crystallises from water below 31.5 above this blue hexhydrate forms, and above 53.3 the green form.[3] Heating nickel sulfate dehydrates it, and then 700° it loses sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide and oxygen.

Nickel sulfite can be formed by bubbling sulfur dioxide through nickel carbonate suspended in water. A solution is formed that slowly loses sulfur dioxide, and which crystallises nickel sulfite hexahydrate. Crystals are frequently in the shape of stars, caused by the two opposite triangular enantiomorphs growing base to base. nickel sulfite hexahydrate is highly piezoelectric. Optically it is uniaxial negative with refractive indexes ω=1.552 ε=1.509. When heated it dehydrates and then ends up producing nickel oxide and nickel sulfate.

Nickel thiosulfate NiS2O3 has the same structure as the magnesium salt. It has alternating layers of octahedral shaped nickel2+ hexahydrate, and tetrahedral shaped S2O32− perpendicular to the β direction. When heated to 90 °C it decomposes to form NiS. NiS2O3 can be made from BaS2O3 and NiSO4.[4] Nickel sulfamate can be used for nickel or mixed nickel-tungsten plating.[5] It can be formed by the action of sulfamic acid on nickel carbonate.

Nickel selenite NiSeO3 has many different hydrates, anhydrous NiSeO3, NiSeO3, NiSeO3 (which is also a mineral called ahlfeldite), and NiSeO3.[6]

Nickel nitrate commonly crystallises with six water molecules,[1] but can also be anhydrous, or with two, four or nine waters.[7] triphenylphosphine oxide nickel nitrate [(C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)<sub>3</sub>PO]2Ni(NO3)2 is non ionic, with nitrato as a ligand. It can be made from nickel perchlorate. It is yellow and melts at 266 °C.[8]

Nickel carbonate NiCO3, hellyerite,[9] crystallising with six water molecules, precipitates when an alkali bicarbonate is added to a Ni aqueous solution.[1] Basic nickel carbonate, zaratite, with the formula Ni4CO3(OH)6(H2O)4, is produced when alkali carbonates are added to a nickel solution. Nickel phosphate, Ni3(PO4)2 is also insoluble.[1] A number of other phosphates have been made, including nanoporous substances resembling zeolites named with "Versailles Santa Barbara" or VSB.[10] The nanoporous nickel phosphates can accommodate sufficiently small molecules and selectively catalyze reactions on them. A nickel arsenate, Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2O occurs as the mineral annabergite.[11]

Nickel perchlorate, Ni(ClO4)2,[1] nickel chlorate, Ni(ClO3)2,[12] nickel chromate (NiCrO4), nickel chromite (NiCr2O4), nickel(II) titanate, nickel bromate Ni(BrO3)2,[13] nickel iodate (Ni(IO3)2), nickel stannate (NiSnO3)[14] are some other oxy-salts.

The uranates include NiU2O6,[15] NiUO4 α and β forms (orthorhombic a=6.415 Å; b=6.435 Å; c=6.835 Å),[16] and NiU3O10.[16]

List

formulanamemolstructcell Å°VZdensitycolourrefs
wtabcβÅ3g/cm3
NiSO3nickel(II) sulfite hexahydratehexagonal8.7949.0026032.04emerald green[17] [18]
NiSO3nickel(II) sulfite trihydratelight green[19]
NiSO3•3N2H4nickel(II) sulfite trihydrazine hydraterose[20]
NiSO3•2N2H4nickel(II) sulfite dihydrazine hydrateblue
NiS2O3•6H2ONickel(II) thiosulfate hexahydrate463.03orthorhombic9.28214.446.803912.142.03green[21]
diaqua (4,4´-dimethylbipyridine- N,N´)(methanol) thiosulfato(S) nickel(II)triclinic8.1579.68511.714α=76.73 β=73.56 γ=78.23854.22[22]
aqua terpyridine(N,N´,N´´) thiosulfato(S,O) nickel(II) hemihydratemonoclinic,C2/c27.8669.27414.216114.24˚3350.8
bis(dipyridylamine) thiosulfato(S,O) nickel(II) hemihydrateorthorhombic, Iba212.98616.82119.4794254.98
NiS2O3(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)(H2O)·H2O·CH3OHmonoclinic, C2/c26.2697.64118.38197.0036628[23]
NiS2O3(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline)monoclinic, P21/n11.10810.95511.666103.32˚1381.44
Ni(NH2SO3)2Nickel(II) sulfamate tetrahydrate322.95triclinic P6.336.736.78α= 88.9 β=67.87 γ=67.76245.2712.19green[24]
Ni(SO3F)2nickel(II) fluorosulfateyellow[25]
NiSeO3anhydrous nickel(II) selenite742.68C2/c15.49159.935514.8416111.1732130.15324.630yellow brown
NiSeO3anhydrous nickel(II) selenite742.68Orthorhombic5.88037.52354.9394218.52yellow green high pressure[26]
NiSeO3alpha nickel(II) selenite one third hydratetriclinic P8.13838.40348.5724α=123.713 β=90.174 γ=111.823435.8321.429citron yellow
NiSeO3beta nickel(II) selenite one third hydratetriclinic P8.02228.21338.4364α=68.654 β=61.782 γ=66.363438.1121.422citron yellow
NiSeO3nickel(II) selenite dihydratemonoclinic6.37828.77347.546781.451417.6143.524yellow brown
NiSeO3nickel(II) selenite tetrahydratelight green
NiSe2O5anhydrous nickel(II) pyroselenitePnab Orthorhombic6075410.36626.7913427.7144.605light yellow
Ni12F2(SeO3)8(OH)6nickel hydroxo fluoro selenite, Dumortierite structurehexagonal P63mc12.7024.9221
Ni12(SeO3)8(OH)8nickel hydroxy selenite, Dumortierite structure (basic nickel(II) selenite)hexagonal P63mc12.70044.9201687.281pale green[27]
NiTeO3anhydrous nickel(II) telluriteOrthorhombic5.95647.49865.2128232.83yellow green high pressure
Ni3TeO6trinickel tellurate (nickel(II) orthotellurate)Hexagonal5.1035.10313.7814.272[28]
NiTe2O5nickel pyrotelluriteOrthorhombic8.8698.44112.1265.042
Ni2Te3O8Monoclinic12.3925.20711.49698.65.702
Ni6(TeO3)4(OH)4nickel hydroxy telluritehexagonal12.9934.9582light green[29]
Ni5Te4O12Cl2nickel tellurium oxychloride1066.585Monoclinic19.56745.245716.3084125.2891366.3845.186orange[30]
Ni5Te4O12Br2nickel tellurium oxybromide1155.77Monoclinic20.2555.249816.3005124.9371421.045.403orange
Ni5Te4O12I2nickel tellurium oxyiodideMonoclinic20.7665.23016.464125.791451.14brown
Ni11(HPO3)8(OH)6nickel hydroxyphosphite (basic nickel(II) phosphite)hexagonal12.63294.9040677.771light green[31]
NiMoO4•xH2Onickel(II) molybdate (hydrate)monoclinic11.9238.22014.007113.011264[32]
Ni(NO3)2nickel(II) nitrate dihydratetriclinic5.094657.104108.42881γ=78.698 β=102.7640 α=83.1985287.5
Ni(NO3)2nickel(II) nitrate tetrahydratetriclinic7.57106.62316.26γ=97.26 β= 90.015 α=82.57802.3
NiN2O2nickel(II) hyponitritelight green[33]
NiP2O6nickel(II) hypophosphateorthorhombic Pnmm11.241818.52457.31881523.142.142[34]
Ni3(PO4)2nickel(II) phosphatemonoclinic10.10594.69645.827391.138276.5224.396greenish yellow[35]
α-Ni2P2O7alpha nickel(II) pyrophosphatemonoclinic6.91778.2758.974113.879469.744.12∃ α',β and δ forms[36]
NiHPO4nickel(II) hydrophosphatebeige yellow[37]
[Ni(PO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]3•xH2Onickel trimetaphosphate
[Ni(PO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]4•xH2Onickel tetrametaphosphate
Ni2P4O12nickel cyclotetraphosphatemonoclinic C12/c111.6118.2189.826118.41824.74green[38]
Ni12H6(PO4)8(OH)6nickel hydroxy phosphate (basic nickel(II) phosphate)hexagonal12.46974.95311light green
(H3O+NH4+)4[Ni<sub>18</sub>(HPO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>14</sub>(OH)<sub>3</sub>F<sub>9</sub>]•12H2ONanoporous nickel phosphate VSB-1hexagonal19.8345.03791710[39]
Ni20[(OH)<sub>12</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>6</sub>][(HPO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>8</sub>(PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]•12H2ONanoporous nickel phosphate VSB-5hexagonal18.1536.3871827
Ni3P6O18nickel hexametaphosphatetriclinic9.1099.26710.75113α=84.885 β=102.44 γ=101.64867.4pale green[40]
Ni3(AsO4)2·8H2OannabergiteMonoclinic10.17913.3094.7251052light green[41]
Ni12H6(AsO4)8(OH)6nickel hydroxy arsenate (basic nickel(II) arsenate)hexagonal12.6785.02591light green
NiAs2O4Nickel arsenite[42]
Ni3(AsO4)2o-nickel orthoarsenate454.01orthorhombic5.94311.2638.164546.545.517[43]
Ni3(AsO4)2m-nickel orthoarsenate xanthiosite453.91monoclinic5.7649.55910.19492.95560.945.394golden yellow
Ni8.5As3O16Aerugite979.8trigonal5.951127.567281.915.772dark green[44]
NiSb2O4Nickel metantimonitetetragonal8.63885.9052413.58(at 240K)[45]
NiSb2O6Nickel metantimonate
(nickel antimony oxide)		P42/mnm4.629579.19812[46]
Ni(H2O)6[Sb(OH)<sub>6</sub>]2bottinoite Nickel hexahydroantimonate(V)P316.0609.7922187.26pale blue[47]
NiTa2O6Nickel metatantalateP42/mnm4.715819.11632
NiSn(SO3F)6nickel tin fluorosulfatelight yellow
Ni(SO3CF3)2nickel trifluoromethanesulfonate[48]
NiSn(SO3CF3)6nickel tin triflatelight yellow
(Ni,Mg)10Ge3O16871.7trigonal R5.885028.6135286.115.060[49]
NiCO3anhydrous nickel(II) carbonate118.72rhombohedral4.611714.735271.3964.358[50]
Ni2SiO4nickel(II) orthosilicate
liebenbergite
nickel silicate olivine		orthorhombic Pbnm4.72710.1205.911285.04[51]
Ni2GeO4nickel orthogermanatecubic Fd3m8.2218[52]
Ni(CN)2anhydrous nickel(II) cyanidetetragonal quad layer4.857012.8014[53]
NiB4O7γ-nickel(II) metadiborateP65224.25634.905547.56[54]
Ni(BrO4)2•6H2Onickel(II) perbromate hexahydrate454.61trigonal P7.8175.235277.912.725[55]

Notes and References

  1. Book: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Treatise . Cotton and Wilkinson . 1966 . 878–893 . John Wiley & Sons.
  2. Mellor pp462-465
  3. Mellor p 466-467
  4. Elerman . Y. . Aydin Uraz . A. . Armagˇan . N. . Aka . Y. . Crystal data for calcium and nickel thiosulphate hexahydrates: \ce and \ce. Journal of Applied Crystallography . 1 August 1977 . 10 . 4 . 362–363 . 10.1107/S0021889877013673.
  5. Eliaz . N. . Sridhar . T.M. . Gileadi . E. . Synthesis and characterization of nickel tungsten alloys by electrodeposition . Electrochimica Acta . May 2005 . 50 . 14 . 2893–2904 . 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.11.038.
  6. Vlaev . L. T. . Genieva . Svetlana D. . Georgieva . Velyana G. . Study of the crystallization fields of nickel(II) selenites in the system \ce. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry . 16 May 2006 . 86 . 2 . 449–456 . 10.1007/s10973-005-7397-x. 93295896 .
  7. Keith Lascelles, Lindsay G. Morgan, David Nicholls, Detmar Beyersmann, "Nickel Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005.
  8. Bannister . E. . Cotton . F. A. . 456. Phosphine oxide complexes. Part III. Bis(triphenylphosphine oxide)dinitrato-complexes of cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), and zinc(II) . Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed) . 1960 . 2276 . 10.1039/JR9600002276.
  9. Isaacs . T. . The mineralogy and chemistry of the nickel carbonates . Mineralogical Magazine . 7 November 1963 . 33 . 263 . 663–678 . 10 June 2016. 1963MinM...33..663I . 10.1180/minmag.1963.033.263.04 .
  10. Jhung . Sung Hwa . Chang . Jong-San . Park . Sang-Eon . Forster . Paul M. . Férey . Gérard . Cheetham . Anthony K. . Template-Free Synthesis of the Nanoporous Nickel Phosphate VSB-5 under Microwave Irradiation . Chemistry of Materials . April 2004 . 16 . 8 . 1394–1396 . 10.1021/cm035173c.
  11. Web site: Annabergite: Mineral information, data and localities. . www.mindat.org . 17 January 2019.
  12. Lutz . H.D . Suchanek . E . Intramolecular coupling of BrO stretching vibrations in solid bromates, infrared and Raman spectroscopic studies on \ce (M=Mg, Co, Ni, Zn) and \ce. Spectrochimica Acta Part A . December 2000 . 56 . 14 . 2707–2713 . 10.1016/S1386-1425(00)00310-3. 11145337 . 2000AcSpA..56.2707L .
  13. Blackburn . AC . Gallucci . JC . Gerkin . RE . Structure of hexaaquanickel(II) bromate. . Acta Crystallographica Section C . 15 September 1991 . 47 . 1786–1789 . 1786165 . 9 . 10.1107/s0108270191002196. free . 1991AcCrC..47.1786B .
  14. Book: Haynes . W. M. . CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . 2014 . 9781482208672 . 4–77–4–78 . CRC Press . 95.
  15. Book: Pies . W. . Key Elements: d9-, d10-, d1_d3-, f-Elements . 7e . Weiss . A. . 1976 . 91–94 . 10.1007/10201569_22. e517, XVI.4.3.1 Simple oxo-compounds of uranium (oxouranates), XVI.4.3.2 Simple oxo-compounds of uranium with H2O (oxouranates with H2O) . Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter . 3-540-07334-5 .
  16. Young . A. P. . Nickel Orthouronate: High-Pressure Synthesis . Science . 16 September 1966 . 153 . 3742 . 1380–1381 . 10.1126/science.153.3742.1380. 17814388 . 1966Sci...153.1380Y . 29765592 .
  17. Klasens . H. A. . Perdok . W. G. . Terpstra . P. . Crystallography of Magnesium-Sulphite, Cobalt-Sulphite and Nickel-Sulphite . Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials . 1 January 1936 . 94 . 1–6 . 1–6 . 10.1524/zkri.1936.94.1.1. 101456870 .
  18. Baggio . S. . Becka . L. N. . A reinvestigation of the structure of nickel sulphite hexahydrate, NiSO3.6H2O . Acta Crystallographica Section B . 15 June 1969 . 25 . 6 . 1150–1155 . 10.1107/S0567740869003657. 1969AcCrB..25.1150B .
  19. Salib . Kamal A. R. . El-Maraghy . Salah B. . El-Wafa . Samy M. Abu . El-Sayed . Saied M. . Normal sulphites of metals . Transition Metal Chemistry . August 1989 . 14 . 4 . 306–308 . 10.1007/BF01098236. 97903571 .
  20. Budkuley . Jayant S. . Patil . K. C. . Synthesis, infrared spectra and thermoanalytical properties of transition metal sulfite hydrazine hydrates . Journal of Thermal Analysis . November 1990 . 36 . 7–8 . 2583–2592 . 10.1007/BF01913655. 95250073 .
  21. Elerman . Y. . Uraz . A. A. . Armağan . N. . An X-ray diffraction study of nickel thiosulphate hexahydrate . Acta Crystallographica Section B . 15 November 1978 . 34 . 11 . 3330–3332 . 10.1107/S0567740878010808. 1978AcCrB..34.3330E .
  22. Freire . Eleonora . Baggio . Sergio . Goeta . Andrés . Baggio . Ricardo . X-Ray Structural Study of Three New Nickel Thiosulfate Complexes . Australian Journal of Chemistry . 2001 . 54 . 5 . 329 . 10.1071/CH01074.
  23. Freire . Eleonora . Baggio . Sergio . Suescun . Leopoldo . Baggio . Ricardo . X-Ray Study of Two Novel Nickel(II)–Thiosulfate Compounds . Australian Journal of Chemistry . 2000 . 53 . 9 . 785 . 10.1071/CH00108. 11336/48380 . free .
  24. Angerer . Paul . Tillmanns . Ekkehart . Wildner . Manfred . Crystal Structure Investigations of Amide Sulfate Tetrahydrates with Divalent Cations . Croatica Chemica Acta . 1999 . 72 . 2–3 . 295–310 . 26 June 2016.
  25. Mallela . S.P. . Lee . K. . Gehrs . P.F. . Christensen . J.I. . Sams . J.R. . Aubke . F. . The synthesis and characterisation of hetero-bimetallic sulfonate bridged coordination polymers of the type MIISnIV(SO3X)6 with X=F or CF3 . Canadian Journal of Chemistry . 1987 . 65 . 11 . 2649–2655 . 10.1139/v87-438.
  26. Kohn . Kay . Inoue . Katsuhiko . Horie . Osamu . Akimoto . Syun-Iti . Crystal chemistry of MSeO3 and MTeO3 (M=Mg, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) . Journal of Solid State Chemistry . May 1976 . 18 . 1 . 27–37 . 10.1016/0022-4596(76)90075-X. 1976JSSCh..18...27K .
  27. Amorós . Pedro . Marcos . M.Dolores . Roca . Manuel . Beltrán-Porter . Aurelio . Beltrán-Porter . Daniel . Synthetic Pathways for New Tubular Transition Metal Hydroxo- and Fluoro-Selenites: Crystal Structures of M12(X)2(SeO3)8(OH)6 (M = Co2+, Ni2+; X=OH−. Journal of Solid State Chemistry . November 1996 . 126 . 2 . 169–176 . 10.1006/jssc.1996.0325. 1996JSSCh.126..169A .
  28. Krishnan . K. . Rama Rao . G.A. . Singh Mudher . K.D. . Venugopal . V. . Vaporization behaviour and Gibbs energy of formation of Ni2Te3O8, NiTe2O5 and Ni3TeO6. Journal of Alloys and Compounds . June 1999 . 288 . 1–2 . 96–101 . 10.1016/S0925-8388(99)00079-1.
  29. MARCOS . M . AMOROS . P . BELTRAN . A . BELTRAN . D . New tubular transition metal oxoanionic derivatives: a systematic approach to condensed phases of the dumortierite family . Solid State Ionics . September 1993 . 63–65 . 87–95 . 10.1016/0167-2738(93)90090-P.
  30. Johnsson . Mats . Törnroos . Karl W. . Lemmens . Peter . Millet . Patrice . Crystal Structure and Magnetic Properties of a New Two-Dimensional S=1 Quantum Spin System Ni6(TeO3)4X2 (X=Cl, Br) . Chemistry of Materials . January 2003 . 15 . 1 . 68–73 . 10.1021/cm0206587. cond-mat/0301359 .
  31. Marcos . M. Dolores . Amoros . Pedro . Beltran-Porter . Aurelio . Martinez-Manez . Ramon . Attfield . J. Paul . Novel crystalline microporous transition-metal phosphites M11(HPO3)8(OH)6 (M=Zn, Co, Ni). X-ray powder diffraction structure determination of the cobalt and nickel derivatives . Chemistry of Materials . January 1993 . 5 . 1 . 121–128 . 10.1021/cm00025a023.
  32. Web site: Кристаллические структуры соединений Ni . www.kipt.kharkov.ua.
  33. Polydoropoulos . C. N. . Yannakopoulos . Th. . Heavy metal hyponitrites . Chimika Chronika . 1961 . 26A . 70–73 . en.
  34. Haag . J.M. . LeBret . G.C. . Cleary . D.A. . Twamley . B. . Room temperature synthesis and solid-state structure of Ni2P2O6.12H2O. Journal of Solid State Chemistry . April 2005 . 178 . 4 . 1308–1311 . 10.1016/j.jssc.2004.12.005. 2005JSSCh.178.1308H .
  35. McMurdie . Howard F. . Morris . Marlene C. . Evans . Eloise H. . Paretzkin . Boris . Wong-Ng . Winnie . Zhang . Yuming . Hubbard . Camden R. . Winnie Wong-Ng . Standard X-Ray Diffraction Powder Patterns from The JCPDS Research Associateship . Powder Diffraction . 28 October 2013 . 2 . 1 . 41–52 . 10.1017/S0885715600012239. 1987PDiff...2...41M . 251057066 .
  36. Web site: Details of selected material . AtomWork . 9 July 2016.
  37. Viltange . M. . Etude microanalytique des phosphates de nickel . fr . Microchimica Acta . 1964 . 1 . 1–16.
  38. Olbertz . A. . Stachel . D. . Svoboda . I. . Fuess . H. . Redetermination of the crystal structures of nickel cyclotetraphosphate, Ni2P4O12 and of cobalt cyclotetraphosphate, Co2P4O12. Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures . 1 January 1998 . 213 . 1–4 . 255–256 . 10.1524/ncrs.1998.213.14.255. free .
  39. Timofeeva . M.N. . Panchenko . V.N. . Hasan . Zubair . Jhung . Sung Hwa . Catalytic potential of the wonderful chameleons: Nickel phosphate molecular sieves . Applied Catalysis A . March 2013 . 455 . 71–85 . 10.1016/j.apcata.2013.01.019.
  40. Web site: Кристаллические структуры соединений Ni . ru . www.kipt.kharkov.ua . 20 July 2016.
  41. Web site: Annabergite . Handbook of Mineralogy . 2005.
  42. Witteveen . H.T. . Magnetic susceptibility of NiAs2O4 and NiSb2O4. Solid State Communications . August 1971 . 9 . 15 . 1313–1315 . 10.1016/0038-1098(71)90086-X. 1971SSCom...9.1313W .
  43. Barbier . J. . Frampton . C. . Structures of orthorhombic and monoclinic Ni3(AsO4)2. Acta Crystallographica Section B . 1 August 1991 . 47 . 4 . 457–462 . 10.1107/S0108768191002987. 1991AcCrB..47..457B .
  44. Fleet . M. E. . Barbier . J. . Structure of aerugite (Ni8.5As3O16) and interrelated arsenate and germanate structural series . Acta Crystallographica Section B . 1 June 1989 . 45 . 3 . 201–205 . 10.1107/S0108768189002727. 1989AcCrB..45..201F .
  45. Chater . R. . Gavarri . J.R. . Hewat . A.W. . Évolution structurale sous pression de NiSb2O4: Compressibilités anisotropes et ordre magnetique . Journal of Solid State Chemistry . March 1987 . 67 . 1 . 98–103 . 10.1016/0022-4596(87)90344-6. 1987JSSCh..67...98C .
  46. Ehrenberg . H . Wltschek . G . Rodriguez-Carvajal . J . Vogt . T . Magnetic structures of the tri-rutiles NiTa2O6 and NiSb2O6. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials . April 1998 . 184 . 1 . 111–115 . 10.1016/S0304-8853(97)01122-0. 1998JMMM..184..111E .
  47. Bonazzi . Paola . Mazzi . Fiorenzo . Bottinoite, Ni(H2O)6[Sb(OH)<sub>6</sub>]2; crystal structure, twinning, and hydrogen-bond model . American Mineralogist . 1 December 1996 . 81 . 11–12 . 1494–1500 . 10.2138/am-1996-11-1220. 1996AmMin..81.1494B . 99372050 .
  48. Okan . S. Erol . Champeney . D. C. . Molar conductance of aqueous solutions of sodium, potassium, and nickel trifluoromethanesulfonate at 25‡C . Journal of Solution Chemistry . April 1997 . 26 . 4 . 405–414 . 10.1007/BF02767679. 95530936 .
  49. Fleet . M. E. . Barbier . J. . Structure of (Ni,Mg)10Ge3O16. Acta Crystallographica Section C . 15 February 1988 . 44 . 2 . 232–234 . 10.1107/S0108270187009880. 1988AcCrC..44..232F .
  50. Pertlik . F. . Structures of hydrothermally synthesized cobalt(II) carbonate and nickel(II) carbonate . Acta Crystallographica Section C . 15 January 1986 . 42 . 1 . 4–5 . 10.1107/S0108270186097524. 1986AcCrC..42....4P .
  51. Book: Chemical Thermodynamics of Nickel . Elsevier . 9780080457543 . 238 . en. 2005-04-08 .
  52. Book: Chemical Thermodynamics of Nickel . Elsevier . 9780080457543 . 245 . en. 2005-04-08 .
  53. Hibble . Simon J. . Chippindale . Ann M. . Pohl . Alexander H. . Hannon . Alex C. . Surprises from a Simple Material—The Structure and Properties of Nickel Cyanide . Angewandte Chemie International Edition . 17 September 2007 . 46 . 37 . 7116–7118 . 10.1002/anie.200701246. 17683027 .
  54. Schmitt. Martin K.. Janka. Oliver. Niehaus. Oliver. Dresselhaus. Thomas. Pöttgen. Rainer. Pielnhofer. Florian. Weihrich. Richard. Krzhizhanovskaya. Maria. Filatov. Stanislav. Bubnova. Rimma. Bayarjargal. Lkhamsuren. Winkler. Björn. Glaum. Robert. Huppertz. Hubert. Synthesis and Characterization of the High-Pressure Nickel Borate γ-NiB4O7. Inorganic Chemistry. 56. 7. 4217–4228. 21 March 2017. 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00243. 28323420.
  55. Gallucci. J. C.. Gerkin. R. E.. Reppart. W. J.. 1988-08-15. Structure of nickel(II) perbromate hexahydrate at 169 K. Acta Crystallographica Section C Crystal Structure Communications. 44. 8. 1345–1348. 10.1107/S0108270188004226. 1988AcCrC..44.1345G .

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Nickel oxyacid salts".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.