Nicander Explained

Nicander of Colophon (Greek, Ancient (to 1453);: Νίκανδρος ὁ Κολοφώνιος|Níkandros ho Kolophṓnios; fl. 2nd century BC) was a Greek poet, physician, and grammarian. He was born at Claros (Ahmetbeyli in modern Turkey), near Colophon, where his family held the hereditary priesthood of Apollo. He flourished under Attalus III of Pergamum.

He wrote a number of works both in prose and verse, of which two survive complete. The longest, Theriaca, is a hexameter poem (958 lines) on the nature of venomous animals and the wounds which they inflict. The other, Alexipharmaca, consists of 630 hexameters treating of poisons and their antidotes. Nicander's main source for medical information was the physician Apollodorus of Egypt. Among his lost works, Heteroeumena was a mythological epic, used by Ovid in the Metamorphoses and epitomized by Antoninus Liberalis; Georgica, of which considerable fragments survive, was perhaps imitated by Virgil.^[1]

The works of Nicander were praised by Cicero (De oratore, i. 16), imitated by Ovid and Lucan, and frequently quoted by Pliny and other writers (e.g., Tertullian in De Scorpiace, I, 1).

List of works

Surviving poems

• Theriaca (Of Venomous Animals)
• Alexipharmaca
• Epigrams^[2]

Lost poems

• Cimmerii
• Europia
• Georgica ("Farming")
• Heteroeumena ("Metamorphoses")
• Hyacinthus
• Hymnus ad Attalum ("Hymn to Attalus")^[3]
• Melissourgica ("Beekeeping")
• Oetaica
• Ophiaca
• Sicelia
• Thebaica

Lost prose works

• Aetolica ("History of Aetolia")
• Colophoniaca ("History of Colophon")
• De Poetis Colophoniis ("On poets from Colophon")
• Glossae ("Difficult words")

Bibliography

• Nicander ed. and tr. A. S. F. Gow, A. F. Scholfield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1953.
• Earlier editions by JG Schneider (1792, 1816); O. Schneider (1856) (with the Scholia).
• The Scholia (from the Göttingen manuscript) were edited by
• H. Klauser, "De Dicendi Genere Nicandri" (Dissertationes Philologicae Vindobonenses, vi. 1898).
  • W. Vollgraff, Nikander und Ovid (Groningen, 1909 ff.).

External links

• An ancient Life of Nicander, from the scholia
• Theriaca et Alexipharmaca recensuit et emendavit, fragmenta collegit, commentationes addidit Otto Schneider. Accedunt scholia in Theriaca ex recensione Henrici Keil., scholia in Alexipharmaca ex recognitione Bussemakeri et R. Bentlei emedationes, Lipsiae sumptibus et typis B. G. Teubneri, 1856.
• Poetae bucolici et didactici. Theocritus, Bion, Moschus, Nicander, Oppianus, Marcellus de piscibus, poeta de herbis, C. Fr. Ameis, F. S. Lehrs (ed.), Parisiis, editore Ambrosio Firmin Didot, 1862, pp. 127-163.
• English translations of Theriaca and Alexipharmaca.

Scholia

• Book: Dübner, Friedrich . Scholia in Theocritum . Scholia et paraphrases in Nicandrum et Oppianum . U. Cats Bussemaker . Parisiis . Ambrosio Firmin Didot . 1849 . https://archive.org/details/scholiaintheocri00buss/page/170/mode/2up . 173–242 . el.

Notes and References

1. [Quintilian]
2. Anthologia Palatina 7.435, 7.526, 11.7.
3. Nelson. Thomas J.. Nicander's Hymn to Attalus: Pergamene Panegyric. December 2020. The Cambridge Classical Journal. en. 66. 182–202. 10.1017/S1750270519000083. 211927577. 1750-2705.