Niçard dialect explained

Niçard
Nativename:Occitan (post 1500);: niçard/nissart/niçart
Pronunciation:in Occitan (post 1500); pronounced as /niˈsaʀt/
States:France, Monaco
Region:County of Nice, Monaco
Speakers:?
Familycolor:Indo-European
Fam2:Italic
Fam3:Latino-Faliscan
Fam4:Latin
Fam5:Romance
Fam6:Italo-Western
Fam7:Western Romance
Fam8:Gallo-Iberian
Fam9:Gallo-Romance
Fam10:Occitano-Romance
Fam11:Occitan
Fam12:Provençal
Script:Latin
Agency:Occitan (post 1500);: [[Conselh de la Lenga Occitana]] (classic orthography) / Occitan (post 1500);: [[Félibrige]] (Mistralian orthography)
Map:Languages of Alpes-Maritimes Department, France.svg
Isoexception:dialect
Glotto:nica1249
Glottorefname:Niçard
Lingua:51-AAA-gd
Ietf:oc-nicard

Occitan (post 1500);: '''Niçard''' (Classical orthography), Occitan (post 1500);: '''nissart'''/'''Niçart''' (Mistralian orthography, in Occitan (post 1500); pronounced as /niˈsaʀt/), French: niçois (in French niswa/), or Italian: nizzardo (pronounced as /it/) is the dialect that was historically spoken in the city of Nice, in France, and in a few surrounding communes. Niçard is generally considered a subdialect of Provençal, itself a dialect of Occitan.[1] [2] [3] Some Italian irredentists have claimed it as a Ligurian dialect.[4] [5] [6]

Most residents of Nice and its region no longer speak Niçard, and the very few who do are fully bilingual in French as Nissard has lost its function of a vernacular language decades ago. Nonetheless, today there is a developing revival of the use of the language. Some local television news is presented in Niçard (with French subtitles) and street signs in the old town of Nice are written in the dialect as well as in French. The Niçard song Occitan (post 1500);: [[Nissa La Bella]] is often regarded as the "anthem" of Nice.

Writing system

Niçard is written using two forms:

An Italian orthography was abandoned when Nice joined the French Empire in 1861. It was briefly reinstated in 1942 and 1943 when Italy occupied and administered the city.

Classification

The classifications of Occitan in dialects hesitate between defining Niçard as a specific dialect or including it in Maritime Provençal. Niçard shares some phonetical archaisms with Occitan areas as distant as Aranese, which is also using proparoxytone words. It is also sharing with Aranese a quite heavy influence of a neighbouring language (Catalan for Aranese, Italian for Niçard).[7] Regional differences are broadly accepted by linguists and French national education authorities in Occitan. Domergue Sumien defined in his PhD thesis[8] Occitan as a pluricentric language, and included Niçard among the seven regional standards to be taught.[9] [10] The French Ministry of National Education uses either “nissart-langue d’oc”[11] or “occitan-langue d’oc nissart”.[12]

See also

References

  1. Jean-Philippe Dalbéra. Les parlers des Alpes Maritimes: étude comparative, essai de reconstruction. London: Association Internationale d’Études Occitanes, 1994.
  2. Book: BookPDF Available Grammaire de l'Idiome Niçois : accompagnée de nombreux éclaircissements historiques sur cet important dialecte de la langue d'Oc et précédée d'un exposé du vrai système orthographique de ce dialecte . 978-952-69265-1-3 . July 2019 . Authentic Vegan Publishing . Maiju Johanna . Perala-Torriatte . Antoine-Léandre . Sardou . Jean-Baptiste . Calvino.
  3. Web site: Maiju . Johanna . July 2019 . Grammaire de l'Idiome Niçois : accompagnée de nombreux éclaircissements historiques sur cet important dialecte de la langue d'Oc et précédée d'un exposé du vrai système orthographique de ce dialecte .
  4. Book: Gubbins . Paul . Beyond Boundaries: Language and Identity in Contemporary Europe . Holt . Mike . 2002 . Multilingual Matters . 1-85359-555-1 . en.
  5. Panicacci . Jean-Louis . 1986 . Un journal irrédentiste sous l'Occupation : Il Nizzardo . Cahiers de la Méditerranée . 33 . 1 . 143–158 . 10.3406/camed.1986.990.
  6. Book: Barberis, Francesco . Nizza italiana di Francesco Barberis: raccolta di varie poesie italiane e nizzarde : corredate di note . 1871 . Tip. Sborgi e Guarnieri . it.
  7. Domergu Sumien. “Classificacion dei dialèctes occitans”, Lingüistica occitana 7, 2009 Web site: online . May 18, 2023 . July 11, 2015 . http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20150711131924/http://revistadoc.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/Linguistica-occitana-7-Sumien.pdf . bot: unknown .
  8. Defence in 2004. Published as La standardisation pluricentrique de l’occitan. Nouvel enjeu sociolinguistique, développement du lexique et de la morphologie. Turnhout: Brepols. 2006
  9. See the review of the thesis by Kathryn Klingebiel in Language Problems & Language Planning 32:3 (2008) pp. 293-296 https://www.jbe-platform.com/content/journals/10.1075/lplp.32.3.13kli#
  10. See another review by Aitor Carrera in Llengua i ús: revista tècnica de política lingüística, 2008, Núm. 42, p. 83-91, https://raco.cat/index.php/LlenguaUs/article/view/128337.
  11. "Arrêté du 13 janvier 2004 relatif à la liste des académies et des territoires d'outre-mer dans lesquels peuvent être subies certaines épreuves de langues vivantes à la session 2004 du baccalauréat général et du baccalauréat technologique". Journal officiel de la République française. n°18, 22 January 2004. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000600203
  12. "Arrêté du 23 janvier 2006 relatif à la liste des académies et collectivités dans lesquelles peuvent être subies certaines épreuves de langues vivantes à la session 2006 du baccalauréat général et du baccalauréat technologique". Journal officiel de la République française. n°28, 2 February 2006. https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/jorf/id/JORFTEXT000000635818

Sources

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Niçard dialect".

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