Ngambri Explained

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The Ngambri, also known as Kamberri, are an Aboriginal clan or group who claim traditional ownership of the Australian Capital Territory area, but their connection to the land is contested. One reason for this is that Canberra, where Ngambri claims are made, lay close to the tribal boundaries that separated the Ngarigo from the Ngunnawal people (according to Norman Tindale). Other reasons are the dislocation of Aboriginal populations and intertribal marriage and interracial relationships following European settlement, leading to a high proportion of people identifying themselves as Indigenous Australians, but not knowing their traditional origins. the ACT Government does not recognise Ngambri people as traditional owners of the ACT, listing only the Ngunnawal people as traditional custodians of the land, but has promised a review of their Indigenous protocol following a Supreme Court challenge by Ngambri families in July 2022.

The Ngambri people are represented by a Local Aboriginal Land Council (or LALC), the Ngambri Local Aboriginal Land Council, based in Queanbeyan.

Traditional owners dispute

In 1974 Norman Tindale, in his major work on Aboriginal tribal boundaries, located the southern boundary of Ngunnawal country close to the ACT boundary, close to the tribal boundaries that separated the Ngarigo from the Ngunnawal people, who were from Yass.[1]

The extent of recognised Ngambri (also known as Kamberri[2]) territory, and of their distinction from other Aboriginal clans or peoples, is contested.[3] [4]

In 2002, a group of Ngambri people burnt down a humpy and dismantled tents at the Aboriginal Tent Embassy. At the time, prominent Ngambri elder Matilda House said her people were "cleaning up the site and making it respectable so that when visitors do come here we will be proud". House had been closely involved with the tent embassy since it was founded in 1972 and remembers the four men who founded the embassy as heroes. House had a vision for the future of the tent embassy:

The comprehensive dislocation of Aboriginal populations, intertribal marriage and interracial relationships following European settlement has led to a high proportion of people identifying themselves as Indigenous Australians, but not knowing their traditional origins. In 2012, Australian Bureau of Statistics records showed several Aboriginal families in the ACT were affected by the removal of mixed-race children from their parents in the Stolen Generation era. Due to the geographical relocation of Indigenous populations, along with intertribal marriages since the 1900s, there are disputes between people who claim descent from the Ngambri family of the Nyanmudy/Namadgi, Ngarigo and Ngunnawal people, who all claim they are Canberra's traditional owners.

In 2005, in response to a question in the ACT Legislative Assembly about the status of the Ngambri people, the Chief Minister at the time, Jon Stanhope stated that "Ngambri is the name of one of a number of family groups that make up the Ngunnawal nation". He went on to say that "the Government recognises members of the Ngunnawal nation as descendants of the original inhabitants of this region: there is no specific recognition of the Ngambri group outside of this broader acknowledgement".

The debate came to a head in April 2009 when five "Welcome to Canberra" signs on the Canberra border were defaced by replacing the words "Ngunnawal Country" with "Ngambri Country". The signs were quickly restored by the ACT Government, with the Chief Minister Jon Stanhope promising that the signs would be monitored closely in the future. He said that one family who had formerly identified as Ngunnawal later identified as Ngambri, causing "confusion and distress within the community".

In December 2012, the Ngambri Local Aboriginal Land Council made three applications for native title:

For each application, the court determined that native title did not exist.

In 2013, an ACT Government genealogy report entitled Our Kin Our Country was released. The report, researched to settle the dispute of who were the first people, found that the Ngunnawal were not the original inhabitants of the ACT; however they did attend corroborees in the area. The report concluded that evidence gathered from the mid-1800s onward was too scant to exclusively support any present day group's claims. It showed that the ACT land had been either part of the Ngarigo tribe territory, the Nyamudy territory, or split between the Nyamudy and Namadgi people.

The ACT Government has recognised only the Ngunnawal people as traditional owners of the land since around 2003.[5] In July 2022, the Ngambri took the ACT government to the Supreme Court for recognition of their status as traditional owners[6] but other groups do give acknowledgement, including the National Museum of Australia.[7]

In April 2023, the ACT Government apologised to the Ngambri people for not recognising them as traditional owners, said that it would be reviewing its Indigenous protocols,[2] and reached a settlement with them. Ngunnawal people called this an "affront" to their people, with spokesman Richie Allan saying that their connection had been proven, and while many peoples have some connection to the land, "they don't belong to this land, [only] Ngunnawal people do". The ACT Government said that it "would continue to acknowledge the Ngunnawal people as traditional custodians of the ACT while also recognising any other people or families with connection to the ACT and region".[5]

LALC

The Ngambri Local Aboriginal Land Council is based in Queanbeyan.[8]

Traditional diet

Murnong, now rare in the ACT due to land development, were a staple in the diet of traditional Ngambri people. They also ate grass trees, bulrushes, native raspberries, apple berries and native cherries.

For protein, the witchetty grub, Bogong moth, emu, koala, cod, platypus, echidna, brolga and bush turkey were all represented in the traditional Ngambri people's diet.

Notable people

Notes

Citations

Sources

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Tindale, Norman Barnett . Aboriginal Tribes of Australia: Their Terrain, Environmental Controls, Distribution, Limits, and Proper Names . Norman Tindale . 1974 . . 198.
  2. Web site: Gore . Charlotte . ACT government apologises to Canberra's Ngambri people for failing to recognise them as traditional custodians. . 27 April 2023 . 5 May 2023.
  3. News: 2016-04-03 . What is the Aboriginal history of Canberra? . Tegan . Osborne . . 2022-09-25.
  4. Web site: Ngambri Identity . 2022-09-25 . ngambri.org.
  5. Web site: Roy . Tahlia . Canberra's Ngunnawal traditional owners call the ACT government's apology to the Ngambri people an 'affront' . ABC News (Australia). 4 May 2023 . 7 May 2023.
  6. Web site: 2022-07-30 . 'Irrefutable evidence of our ancestry': Ngambri custodians take ACT to court . 2022-09-25 . The Canberra Times . en-AU.
  7. Web site: National Museum of Australia . National Museum of Australia – Canberra region . 2022-09-25 . nma.gov.au . en.
  8. Web site: 2020-02-18 . Ngambri – NSW Aboriginal Land Council . 2022-09-25 . en-AU.
  9. Web site: About the Ngambri . The History of Ngambri Country . 7 May 2023.

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