| Newtown Battlefield | |
| Nrhp Type: | nhl |
| Location: | 451 Oneida Road, Elmira, New York |
| Area: | 2100acres |
| Coordinates: | 42.0453°N -76.7333°W |
| Designated Nrhp Type: | 28 November 28, 1972[1] |
| Added: | 28 November 1972 |
| Refnum: | 72000826 |
Newtown Battlefield State Park, formerly known as Newtown Battlefield Reservation, was the site of the Battle of Newtown fought in August 1779, during the American Revolutionary War. It was the only major battle of the Sullivan Expedition, an armed offensive led by General John Sullivan that was ordered by the Continental Congress to end the threat of the Iroquois who had sided with the British in the American Revolutionary War. In the battle, the Iroquois were defeated decisively. A portion of the battlefield is today managed as a 372acres state park.[2] The entire battlefield (about 2100acres) was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1965.[1] [3] The American Battlefield Trust and its partners have acquired and preserved more than 68 acres adjacent to the state park.[4]
The Newtown Battlefield is located along the eastern bank of the Chemung River, in western New York southeast of Elmira. Its main focus is Sullivan Hill, a 1400feet wooded hill that was fortified by the Iroquois in a bid to ambush Sullivan's column. The main trail followed by Sullivan's troops had to pass near the steep hillside, which was only 1000feet from the river. Sullivan's advance forces discovered the Iroquois works, and Sullivan set up his artillery on a rise to the south, from which it could command not just Sullivan Hill but also another hill to the east. After cannonading the Iroquois position, Sullivan sent troops up Baldwin Creek, which skirts the hill to the east. These forces eventually formed a battle line that drove the Iroquois from the position.[3]
The state acquired 330acres of land, covering most of Sullivan Hill, which it managed first as a state reservation, and then as a state park. A narrow column of white granite known as the Newton Battlefield Monument was erected on top of Sullivan Hill in 1912.[3]
On January 19, 2010, New York State Governor David Paterson proposed closing the park to reduce the state's growing budget deficit.[5] However, the park was allowed to remain open after budget adjustments were made throughout the state's park system.[6]