| Official Name: | Newry |
| Irish Name: | Iúr Cinn Trá/An tIúr |
| Scots Name: | Newrie[1] [2] |
| Static Image Name: | Newry City, Northern Ireland (collage).jpg |
| Static Image Caption: | Top: Newry skyline, Middle: The Buttercrane, The Quays, Newry Town Hall, Bottom: Drumalane Mill, Newry Cathedral |
| Coordinates: | 54.176°N -6.349°W |
| Population: | 27,913 |
| Population Ref: | (2021 Census)[3] |
| Irish Grid Reference: | J085265 |
| Unitary Northern Ireland: | Newry, Mourne and Down |
| Country: | Northern Ireland |
| Post Town: | NEWRY |
| Postcode Area: | BT |
| Postcode District: | BT34, BT35 |
| Dial Code: | 028 |
| Constituency Westminster: | Newry and Armagh |
| Lieutenancy Northern Ireland: | County Armagh and County Down |
| Website: | www.newrymournedown.org |
Newry (;[4] [5]) is a city[6] in Northern Ireland, standing on the Clanrye river in counties Down and Armagh. It is near the border with the Republic of Ireland, on the main route between Belfast (34 miles/55 km away) and Dublin (67 miles/108 km away). The population was 27,913 in 2021.[3]
Newry was founded in 1157 as a settlement around a Cistercian abbey. In the 16th century the English dissolved the abbey and built Bagenal's Castle on the site. Newry grew as a market town and a garrison, and became a port in 1742 when the Newry Canal was opened, the first summit-level canal in Ireland. A cathedral city, it is the episcopal seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Dromore. In 2002, as part of the Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II, Newry was granted city status along with Lisburn.[7]
The name Newry is an anglicization of An Iúraigh, an oblique form of An Iúrach, which means "the grove of yew trees".[8] [9]
The modern Irish name for Newry is An tIúr (in Irish pronounced as /ənʲ ˈtʲuːɾˠ/), which means "the yew tree". An tIúr is a shortening of Iúr Cinn Trá, "yew tree at the head of the strand", which was formerly the most common Irish name for Newry. This relates to an apocryphal story that Saint Patrick planted a yew tree there in the 5th century.
The Irish name Cathair an Iúir (City of Newry) appears on some bilingual signs around the city.[10]
There is evidence of continual human habitation in the area from early times. During the Bronze Age, the Newry area had a community who were making in abundance very detailed jewellery for garments. Three of these Newry Clasps can be found in the Ulster Museum, and a massive arm clasp from the same period was also found in Newry.[11]
In AD 820, Vikings landed in the Newry area, "from whence they proceeded to Armagh, taking it by storm, and plundering and desolating the country around".[12]
A Cistercian abbey was founded at Newry in 1157, when it was granted a charter by Muirchertach Mac Lochlainn, king of Tír Eoghain and High King of Ireland.[13] It might have been a Benedictine monastery before this.[13] Newry Abbey (now the area around Newry Museum) would have been a sprawling complex of buildings and the heart of a monastic settlement.[13] It existed for four centuries. The abbey was dissolved by the English in 1548, when it was recorded that it consisted of a church, steeple, college, chapter house, dormitory, a hall, a graveyard, two orchards and one garden.[13] Modern archaeologists unearthed thirty-three burials from part of the former graveyard, and further bones were found in charnel pits. They included remains of men, women, and several youths, and some of the individuals suffered violent deaths.[13] It is believed this was a graveyard for the lay community from when the abbey was still in existence.[13]
In April 1552, Nicholas Bagenal, Marshal of the English army in Ireland,[14] was granted ownership of the former abbey lands.[13] He built a fortified house known as Bagenal's Castle on the site of the abbey and its graveyard, re-using some of the abbey buildings.[13] Bagenal also had an earthen rampart built around his Castle and the small town of Newry.[13]
During the Irish Rebellion of 1641, Newry was captured by Irish Catholic rebels led by the Magennises and McCartans.[15] In May 1642, a Scottish Covenanter army landed in Ulster and seized Newry from the rebels. James Turner, one of the Scottish officers, recounted that Catholic rebels and civilians were taken to the bridge over the Newry River and "butchered to death ... some by shooting, some by hanging ... without any legal process".[16] The Scottish general, Robert Monro, said that sixty townsmen and two priests were summarily executed.[17] Turner also said that Scottish soldiers drowned and shot about a dozen Irishwomen before he stopped them killing more.[18]
During the 1689 Raid on Newry, Williamite forces under Toby Purcell repulsed an attack by the Jacobites under the Marquis de Boisseleau. At the period of the Battle of the Boyne, the Duke of Berwick set fire to the parts of the town which he had restructured to defend it.
By 1881 the population of Newry had reached 15,590.[19]
During the Irish War of Independence there were several assassinations and ambushes in Newry. On 12 December 1920, British reinforcements travelling from Newry to Camlough were ambushed by the Irish Republican Army (IRA), who opened fire and threw grenades from MacNeill's Egyptian Arch. Three IRA members were fatally wounded in the exchange of fire.[20]
When Ireland was partitioned in 1921, Newry became part of Northern Ireland. From the 1920s to the 1960s, Newry Urban District Council was one of the few councils in Northern Ireland which had a majority of councillors from the Catholic/Irish nationalist community. The reason, according to Michael Farrell, was that this community formed such a large majority in the town, around 80% of the population, making it impossible to gerrymander. Also an oddity was that for a time it was controlled by the Irish Labour Party, after the left wing of the Northern Ireland Labour Party defected to them in the 1940s.[21]
Newry saw several violent incidents during the conflict known as the Troubles, including a triple killing in 1971, a bombing in 1972, and a mortar attack in 1985. These continued into the late 1990s and even in 2010 – such as bomb scares and car bombs.
See also: The Troubles in Killeen, for information on incidents at the border and customs post at Newry on the border with the Republic of Ireland and close to Newry. In 2003, the British Army's hilltop watchtowers overlooking Newry were taken down. The British Army withdrew from the area on 25 June 2007 when they closed their final base at Bessbrook.[22] [23]
Newry lies in the most south-eastern part of both Ulster and Northern Ireland. About half of the city (the west) lies in County Armagh and the other half (the east) in County Down. The Clanrye River, which runs through the city, forms the historic border between County Armagh and County Down.
The city sits in a valley, between the Mourne Mountains to the east and the Ring of Gullion to the south-west, both of which are designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The Cooley Mountains lie to the south east. The Clanrye River runs through the centre of town, parallel to the Newry Canal. The city also lies at the northernmost end of Carlingford Lough, where the canal enters the sea at Victoria Locks.
Newry is within the civil parishes of Newry and Middle Killeavy. The parishes have long been divided into townlands, the names of which mainly come from the Irish language. The following is a list of townlands in Newry's urban area,[24] alongside their likely etymologies:[25]
| Townland | Origin (Irish unless stated) | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Altnaveigh Aghnaveigh (alternate local name) | Alt na bhFiach Achadh na bhFiach | glen of the ravens field of the ravens | |
| Ballinlare | Baile na Ladhaire | townland of the fork/gap | |
| Carnagat | Carn na gCat | cairn of the cats | |
| Carnbane | Carn Bán | white cairn | |
| Derry Beg | Doire Beag | little oak wood | |
| Drumalane | An Droim Leathan | broad ridge | |
| Lisdrumgullion | Lios Droim gCuilinn | fort of the holly ridge | |
| Lisdrumliska | Lios Druim Loiscthe | fort of the burnt ridge |
| Townland | Origin (Irish unless stated) | Translation | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ballynacraig | Baile na gCreag | townland of the crags | |
| Carneyhough | origin unclear | — | |
| Cloghanramer | Clochán Ramhar | thick stone structure/causeway | |
| Commons | an English name that first appeared in 1810[26] | — | |
| Creeve | Craobh | tree/bush | |
| Damolly | probably Damh Maoile | house of the round hill | |
| Drumcashellone | probably Droim Caisil Eoghain | the ridge of Eoghan's cashel | |
| Greenan | Grianán | eminent or sunny place |
On Census day (27 March 2011) there were 26,967 people living in Newry, accounting for 1.49% of the NI total.[27] Of these:
On Census day (21 March 2021) there were 28,530 people living in Newry.[28] Of these:
As with the rest of Northern Ireland, Newry has a temperate climate, with a narrow range of temperatures, regular windy conditions, and rainfall throughout the year.
Newry has traditionally been considered a merchant's town, and has maintained a reputation as one of the best provincial shopping-towns in Northern Ireland, with the Buttercrane Centre and The Quays Newry attracting large numbers of shoppers from as far away as Cork.[38]
In 2006 Newry house prices grew the most across the whole United Kingdom over the previous decade, as prices in the city had increased by 371% since 1996.[39] The city itself has become markedly more prosperous in recent years. Unemployment has reduced from over 26% in 1991 to scarcely 2% in 2008.[40]
Since the inception of the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, residents of the Republic of Ireland have increasingly been cross-border shopping to Newry to buy cheaper goods due to the difference in currency. The harsh budget in the Republic of Ireland in October 2008, and the growing strength of the euro against the pound sterling and VAT reductions in the United Kingdom, compared with increases in the Republic of Ireland, are among the reasons. This remarkable increase in cross-border trade has become so widespread that it has lent its name to a general phenomenon known as the Newry effect. In December 2008, The New York Times described Newry as "the hottest shopping spot within the European Union's open borders, a place where consumers armed with euros enjoy a currency discount averaging 30 percent or more".[41]
However the increased flow of trade has led to resultant tailbacks, sometimes several miles long (many kilometres), on approach roads from the south. This has created huge traffic and parking problems in Newry and the surrounding area. It has also become a political issue, with some politicians in the Republic of Ireland claiming that such cross-border shopping is "unpatriotic".[42]
Newry is the global HQ of First Derivatives Plc.[43] [44]
The city of Newry is part of Newry, Mourne and Down District Council. The 2019 Newry, Mourne and Down District Council election resulted in 3 Sinn Féin, 2 SDLP and 1 Independent councillors being elected in the Newry electoral area, only change from the 2014 result was Kevin McAteer who went from SDLP to Independent in 2015 stood down in 2017 to be replaced by Michael Savage. Individually Roisín Mulgrew replaced her party colleague Liz Kimmens, while independent Davy Hyland was replaced by another independent, Gavin Malone.
Newry is part of the Assembly constituency of Newry and Armagh. In the 2017 elections, the following were elected to the Northern Ireland Assembly: Megan Fearon, Cathal Boylan, Conor Murphy (all members of Sinn Féin), Justin McNulty of the SDLP and William Irwin of the DUP.
| Election | MLA (Party) | MLA (Party) | MLA (Party) | MLA (Party) | MLA (Party) | MLA (Party) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 Forum election | Maria Caraher (Sinn Féin) | Patrick McNamee (Sinn Féin) | Frank Feeley (SDLP) | Seamus Mallon (SDLP) | Jim Speers (UUP) | 5 seats 1996–1998 | ||||||
| 1998 | Conor Murphy (Sinn Féin) | John Fee (SDLP) | Danny Kennedy (UUP) | Paul Berry (DUP) | ||||||||
| 2003 | Davy Hyland (Sinn Féin) | Pat O'Rawe (Sinn Féin) | Dominic Bradley (SDLP) | |||||||||
| 2007 | Cathal Boylan (Sinn Féin) | Mickey Brady (Sinn Féin) | William Irwin (DUP) | |||||||||
| 2011 | ||||||||||||
| July 2012 co-option | Megan Fearon (Sinn Féin) | |||||||||||
| June 2015 co-option | Conor Murphy (Sinn Féin) | |||||||||||
| 2016 | Justin McNulty (SDLP) | |||||||||||
| 2017 | 5 seats 2017-present | |||||||||||
| January 2020 co-option | Liz Kimmins (Sinn Féin) | |||||||||||
Together with part of the district of Newry, Mourne and Down, Newry forms the constituency of Newry and Armagh for elections to the Westminster Parliament. The Member of Parliament is Mickey Brady of Sinn Féin. He won the seat in the 2015 United Kingdom general election.
Saint Patrick's Church was built in 1578 on the instructions of Nicholas Bagenal, who was granted the monastery lands by Edward VI, and is considered to be the first Protestant church in Ireland.The Cathedral of SS Patrick and Colman on Hill Street was built in 1829 at a cost of £8,000. The structure, which consists of local granite, was designed and built by Thomas Duff, arguably Newry's greatest architect to date.[48]
Incidentally, Thomas Duff also was the architect for the Cathedral in Dundalk, a town just over the border in County Louth, and it is said that he mixed up the plans for both cathedrals and sent Dundalk Cathedral to the builders in Newry, and Newry Cathedral to the builders in Dundalk.
Newry Town Hall is notable for being built over the River Clanrye which is the historic boundary between the counties of Armagh and Down.[49]
The impressive Craigmore Viaduct lies just north of the city on the Northern Ireland Railways Belfast-Dublin mainline. The bridge was designed by Sir John MacNeill with construction beginning in 1849. The bridge was formally opened in 1852. The viaduct consists of eighteen arches the highest being 126 feet, the highest viaduct in Ireland. It is around NaNabbr=offNaNabbr=off long and was constructed from local granite. The Enterprise train link from Belfast to Dublin crosses the bridge.
The Newry Reporter every week highlights a historic building in Newry and the surrounding area, giving a brief outline of its history.
Methodist Church, Sandy's Street
Newry Baptist Church, Downshire Place
First Presbyterian Church (Non-Subscribing), John Mitchel Place
Downshire Road Presbyterian Church, Downshire Road (1843)
Sandy's Street Presbyterian Church, Sandy's Street
Riverside Reformed Presbyterian Church, Basin Walk
The Salvation Army, Trevor Hill
Metropolitan Church, Edward Street
Until 2012, Newry City F.C. played at the Showgrounds before being liquidated. A phoenix club named Newry City AFC was formed to play in amateur leagues in 2013, and was promoted to the NIFL Premiership in 2018.
The Down GAA team has its home ground at Páirc Esler in the city.
Local clubs are:
in Down GAA:
in Armagh GAA:
Newry RFC (also known as Newry Rugby Club, Newry RFU or Newry) is an Irish amateur rugby union club, founded in 1925. The club is a member of the Irish Rugby Football Union's Ulster branch. The club currently fields three senior teams and several junior teams ranging from under-12 to under-18 and a women's team for the first time in 2010–2011 season. The club's home ground is known as Telford Park. The team currently has two playing fields located at this ground along with the clubhouse on the outskirts of Newry.
Primary Schools
Post-Primary Schools
Further Education