New Zealand Geographic Board Explained

Agency Name:New Zealand Geographic Board
Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa
Preceding1:Honorary Geographic Board of New Zealand[1]
Jurisdiction:New Zealand
Headquarters:Radio New Zealand House, 155 The Terrace, Wellington
Minister1 Name:Chris Penk
Minister1 Pfo:Minister for Land Information
Chief1 Name:Anselm Haanen
Chief1 Position:Chairperson
Parent Agency:Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand

The New Zealand Geographic Board Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa (NZGB) has authority over geographical and hydrographic names within New Zealand and its territorial waters.[2] This includes the naming of small urban settlements, localities, mountains, lakes, rivers, waterfalls, harbours and natural features and may include researching local Māori names. It has named many geographical features in the Ross Sea region of Antarctica. It has no authority to alter street names (a local body responsibility) or the name of any country.[3]

The board was established by the New Zealand Geographic Board Act 1946, which has since been replaced by the New Zealand Geographic Board (Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa) Act 2008.[4] Although an independent institution, it is responsible to the Minister for Land Information.

The NZGB secretariat is part of Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand (LINZ) and provides the board with administrative and research assistance and advice.

The New Zealand Geographic Board succeeded an honorary Geographical Advisory Board that had been set up in 1924[5] under the direction of the Minister of Land.[6] That board had seven members, including Herbert Williams, Elsdon Best and Johannes C. Andersen.[7]

Membership

Under the New Zealand Geographic Board (Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa) Act 2008, the board comprises the Surveyor-General of New Zealand (appointed by LINZ) as chair, the National Hydrographer (appointed by LINZ) and eight other members nominated by the Minister for Land Information. The ministerial appointees include two persons recommended by the Minister of Māori Development and representatives of Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu, the New Zealand Geographical Society, the Federated Mountain Clubs of NZ, and Local Government New Zealand.[4]

, the ten board members are:[8]

  1. Anselm Haanen (Surveyor-General, Chairperson)
  2. Shaun Barnett (nominated by Federated Mountain Clubs)
  3. Jenni Vernon (nominated by the Minister for Land Information
  4. Gary Shane Te Ruki (nominated by the Minister for Māori Development)
  5. Robin Kearns (nominated by the New Zealand Geographical Society Inc)
  6. Chanel Clarke (nominated by the Minister for Māori Development)
  7. Adam Greenland (National Hydrographer at LINZ)
  8. Professor Merata Kawharu (nominated by the Minister for Land Information)
  9. Bonita Bigham (nominated by Local Government New Zealand)
  10. Paulette Tamati-Elliffe (nominated by Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu)

Notable actions

2013 formalisation of island names

The NZGB discovered in 2009 that the names of the North Island and South Island had never been formalised, and names and alternative names were formalised in 2013. This set the names as North Island or Te Ika-a-Māui, and South Island or Te Waipounamu.[9] For each island, either its English or Māori name can be used, or both can be used together.

2016 renaming of landmarks

In 2015, a member of the New Zealand public wrote to the New Zealand Geographic Board complaining about three place names in Canterbury in the South Island that use the word "nigger": Nigger Hill, Niggerhead, and Nigger Stream.[10] [11] [12] A public consultation was set up with 223 to 61 responses in favour of changing the name.[13] Following consultations with the Ngāi Tahu tribe who reside in the area, the names Kānuka Hills and Tawhai Hill were suggested as replacements. This was in reference to the kānuka and tawhai tree. The stream was somewhat more complicated; it was originally proposed to be renamed to "Steelhead Stream", but eventually the Māori name for the Carex secta (a tussock grass that grows in the area), Pūkio Stream, was favored instead.[14] The proposed change of name was accepted with the Land Information New Zealand Minister Louise Upston stating "These names reflect a time when attitudes towards this word were markedly different to what they are now. It is a word that is clearly offensive to most people today, so I am pleased to make this decision."[15] The name change was made official on 15 December 2016 after being published in the New Zealand Gazette.[16]

Powers

Under Section 32 of the 2008 Act, official place names must be used in all official documents, a term which includes both documents produced by government entities and some documents produced by non-government entities, such as scientific publications and information for tourists. Section 33 of the Act enables enforcement of the requirement by granting the New Zealand Geographic Board the right to seek an injunction from the high court with heavy penalties for non-compliance, but as of 2018 this power has not been used, with the Board instead preferring to liaise directly with offenders to correct non-compliance.[17]

These powers have proven ineffective in some cases, such as with overseas open source services such as Google Maps.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: History of the NZGB . . 26 February 2020 . 18 January 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230118133307/https://www.linz.govt.nz/our-work/new-zealand-geographic-board/about-new-zealand-geographic-board/history-board . live .
  2. Web site: About the New Zealand Geographic Board . Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand . 8 June 2021 . 7 May 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210507181630/https://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/place-names/about-new-zealand-geographic-board . live .
  3. Web site: Is it time to restore all of New Zealand's Māori place names? . Lorna Thornber . Stuff . 17 September 2020 . 14 November 2021 . While the board has received at least one enquiry about the country's name almost every year for the past decade, it does not have the power to change it: That would require an act of Parliament. . 4 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211104085944/https://www.stuff.co.nz/pou-tiaki/te-reo-maori/300107523/is-it-time-to-restore-all-of-new-zealands-mori-place-names . live .
  4. Web site: 2014-07-01 . New Zealand Geographic Board (Ngā Pou Taunaha o Aotearoa) Act 2008: Reprint as at 1 July 2014 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150608212419/http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/2008/0030/latest/DLM1065412.html . 8 June 2015 . 2015-08-26 . New Zealand Legislation.
  5. News: 19 Jul 1946 . Geographic Board: Legislative authority . Otago Daily Times . 2020-10-10 . paperspast.natlib.govt.nz . 17 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220817053050/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/ODT19460719.2.97 . live .
  6. News: 2 June 1925 . Maori place names: Spelling and nomenclature . Auckland Star . 2020-10-10 . paperspast.natlib.govt.nz . 27 July 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210727192125/https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/AS19250602.2.128 . live .
  7. Web site: Foundation Members of the N.Z. Geographic Advisory Board, founded in 1924. The names are (sitting): Mr. W. T. Neill, late Surveyor-General of N.Z. and representative for N.Z. of the Royal Geographical Society, London; The Venerable Archdeacon Herbert Williams (Gisborne); and Mr. Elsdon Best, F.N.Z.I., ethnologist; (Standing): Mr. Louis E. Ward, clerk-draughtsman. Lands and Survey Department (Hon. Sec.); Sir Frederick Chapman (Knight Bachelor); Mr. Johannes C. Andersen, F.N.Z.I. (Alexander Turnbull Library); and Mr. Maurice Crompton-Smith (Secretary to the Surveyors' Board). . 2020-10-10 . nzetc.victoria.ac.nz . 17 August 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220817053052/https://nzetc.victoria.ac.nz/tm/scholarly/WarEarl-fig-WarEarl485b.html . live .
  8. Web site: NZGB members . 5 November 2020 . Toitū Te Whenua Land Information New Zealand . 8 June 2021 . 3 February 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180203060628/https://www.linz.govt.nz/regulatory/place-names/about-new-zealand-geographic-board/nzgb-members . live .
  9. Names of NZ's two main islands formalised . 10 October 2013 . Maurice . Williamson . New Zealand Government . 1 May 2017 . 8 October 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141008074402/http://www.beehive.govt.nz/release/names-nz%E2%80%99s-two-main-islands-formalised . live .
  10. Web site: Proposals to alter place names from 'Nigger Hill' to 'Kānuka Hills' (with an altered extent) and 'Niggerhead' to 'Tawhai Hill' . LINZ . 4 October 2017 . 14 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171014032338/https://www.linz.govt.nz/system/files_force/nzgb_56a-report-to-minister-from-nzgb-kanuka-tawhai_20160516.pdf . live .
  11. News: New Zealand could replace 'racist' place names . BBC News . 2017-10-04 . 3 December 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171203042557/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-34612536 . live .
  12. News: Pearlman . Jonathan . New Zealand drops racially offensive place names . 18 October 2023 . The Telegraph . 8 December 2016.
  13. Web site: Objection to changing offensive names . The New Zealand Herald . 21 April 2016 . 4 October 2017 . 4 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171004135913/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=11626544 . live .
  14. Web site: New Zealand Drops Racially Offensive 'Nigger' Place Names . New Delhi . NDTV . 8 December 2016 . 4 October 2017 . 4 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171004135943/https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/new-zealand-drops-racially-offensive-nigger-place-names-1635468 . live .
  15. Web site: 'Nigger' place names will be no more . Māori Television . 4 October 2017 . 4 October 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171004140249/http://www.maoritelevision.com/news/regional/nigger-place-names-will-be-no-more . live .
  16. Notice of Final Determinations of the Minister for Land Information on Official Geographic Names . New Zealand Gazette . 15 December 2016 . 4 October 2017 . 7 February 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190207005125/https://www.gazette.govt.nz/assets/pdf-cache/2016/2016-ln7054.pdf?2016-12-15%2010:00:40 . live .
  17. Web site: The Information Bulletin of the United Nations Group of Experts on Geographical Names . UNSTATS . United Nations Statistics Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs . 10 November 2021 . 10 November 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211110023238/https://unstats.un.org/unsd/ungegn/pubs/Bulletin/UNGEGN_bulletin_no.57.pdf#page=16 . live .

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