List of tallest buildings in New York City explained

New York City, the most populous city in the United States, is home to more than 7,000 completed high-rise buildings of at least 35m (115feet),^[1] of which at least 102 are taller than 650feet. The tallest building in New York is One World Trade Center, which rises 1776feet.^{[2] [3] [4]} The 104-story skyscraper also stands as the tallest building in the United States, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, and the seventh-tallest building in the world. At 1550feet, Central Park Tower is the second-tallest completed building in the city. It has the highest roof of any building outside Asia, and is the tallest residential building in the world. The third-tallest completed building in the city is 111 West 57th Street. Rising to 1428feet, it is the world's most slender skyscraper. The fourth-tallest is One Vanderbilt. At 1401feet, it is the tallest office building in Midtown.^[5] The fifth-tallest is 432 Park Avenue at 1397feet.^[6]

At 1250feet, the 102-story Empire State Building in Midtown Manhattan, which was finished in 1931, stood as the tallest building in the world from its completion until 1970, when construction on the 1368feet North Tower of the original World Trade Center surpassed it.^[7] It is the tenth-tallest building in the United States, and rises to a pinnacle of 1454feet including its antenna.^[8] The North Tower (the original One World Trade Center), along with its twin the South Tower (the first Two World Trade Center), which was six feet shorter, held this title only briefly as they were both surpassed by construction of the 110-story Willis Tower in Chicago in 1973. The Twin Towers remained the tallest buildings in New York City until they were destroyed in 2001 during the September 11 attacks, leaving the Empire State Building again as the city's tallest building.^{[9] [10]}

The new One World Trade Center began construction in 2006; in April 2012 it surpassed the Empire State Building to become the city's tallest. Upon its topping out in May 2013, the 17760NaN0 One World Trade Center surpassed the Willis Tower to become the tallest building in the United States and the Western Hemisphere.^[11] One World Trade Center is part of the redevelopment of the World Trade Center, which also includes the 10790NaN0 3 World Trade Center,^[12] the 9770NaN0 4 World Trade Center,^[13] the 7430NaN0 7 World Trade Center,^[14] the approved 900-foot (274 m) 5 World Trade Center,^[15] and one partly constructed on-hold building: the 13500NaN0 2 World Trade Center.^[16]

The majority of skyscrapers in New York City are concentrated in Midtown and Downtown Manhattan, although other neighborhoods of Manhattan and the boroughs of Brooklyn, Queens, and the Bronx also contain some high-rises., there were 317 completed skyscrapers that rose at least 492feet in height, more than any other city in the Western Hemisphere, and third most in the world exceeded only by Hong Kong and Shenzhen.^[17]

History

The history of skyscrapers in New York City began with the construction of the Equitable Life, Western Union, and Tribune buildings in the early 1870s. These relatively short early skyscrapers, sometimes referred to as "preskyscrapers" or "protoskyscrapers", included features such as a steel frame and elevators—then-new innovations that were used in the city's later skyscrapers. Modern skyscraper construction began with the completion of the World Building in 1890; the structure rose to a pinnacle of 349feet.^[18] Though not the city's first high-rise, it was the first building to surpass the 2840NaN0 spire of Trinity Church.^[19] The World Building, which stood as the tallest in the city until 1899, was demolished in 1955 to allow for the construction of an expanded entrance to the Brooklyn Bridge.^[20] The Park Row Building, at 391feet, was the city's tallest building from 1899 to 1908,^[21] and the world's tallest office building during the same time span.^[22] By 1900, fifteen skyscrapers in New York City exceeded in height.

New York has played a prominent role in the development of the skyscraper. Since 1890, ten of those built in the city have held the title of world's tallest.^[23] New York City went through two very early high-rise construction booms, the first of which spanned the 1890s through the 1910s, and the second from the mid-1920s to the early 1930s. During this period 44 skyscrapers over 150m (490feet) were built^[24] —including the Singer Building, Met Life Tower, Woolworth Building, 40 Wall Street, the Chrysler Building, and the Empire State Building, each of which was the tallest in the world at the time of its completion, the last remaining so for forty years.

Skyscraper construction resumed in the early 1960s, with construction surges in the early 1970s, late 1980s, and late 2010s.^[25] In total, the city has seen the rise of over 100 completed and topped-out structures at least 650feet high, including the twin towers of the World Trade Center, and the current World Trade Center redevelopment.^[26]

Tallest buildings

This list ranks completed and topped out New York City skyscrapers that stand at least 650feet tall based on standard height measurements. This includes spires and architectural details but does not include antenna masts. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. An asterisk (*) indicates that the building is still under construction but has been topped out. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

Tallest buildings by pinnacle height

This list ranks buildings in New York City based on pinnacle height measurement, which includes antenna masts. Standard architectural height measurement, which excludes non-architectural antennas in building height, is included for comparative purposes. An equal sign (=) following a rank indicates the same height between two or more buildings. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

Pinn. Rank	Std. Rank	Name	data-sort-type="number"	Pinnacle height	data-sort-type="number"	Standard height	Floors	Year	Sources
1	1	One World Trade Center	17920NaN0	17760NaN0	104	2014
2	2	Central Park Tower	15500NaN0	15500NaN0	98	2020	^[27]
3	7	Empire State Building	14540NaN0	12500NaN0	102	1931	^[28] ^[29]
4	3	111 West 57th Street	14280NaN0	14280NaN0	84	2021	^[30]
5	4	One Vanderbilt	14010NaN0	14010NaN0	59	2020	^[31]
6	5	432 Park Avenue	13970NaN0	13970NaN0	85	2015
7	6	270 Park Avenue	13880NaN0	13880NaN0	60	2025
8	7	30 Hudson Yards	12700NaN0	12700NaN0	73	2019	^[32]
9	9	Bank of America Tower	12000NaN0	12000NaN0	55	2009
10	39	Condé Nast Building	11180NaN0	8090NaN0	48	1999
11	10	3 World Trade Center	10790NaN0	10790NaN0	69	2018
12	11	The Brooklyn Tower	10660NaN0	10660NaN0	73	2022	^[33]
13	12	53W53	10500NaN0	10500NaN0	77	2019	^[34]
14	13	Chrysler Building	10460NaN0	10460NaN0	77	1930
15	14	New York Times Building	10460NaN0	10460NaN0	52	2007
16	15	The Spiral	10410NaN0	10410NaN0	66	2023	^[35]
17	16	35 Hudson Yards	10090NaN0	10090NaN0	72	2019
18	17	One57	10040NaN0	10040NaN0	75	2014
19	18	One Manhattan West	9960NaN0	9960NaN0	67	2019
20	19	50 Hudson Yards	9810NaN0	9810NaN0	58	2022	^[36]
21	20	4 World Trade Center	9770NaN0	9770NaN0	65	2014

Tallest buildings in each borough

This lists the tallest building in each borough of New York City based on standard height measurement. The "Year" column indicates the year in which a building was completed.

Borough	Name	Height	Floors	Year	Source
Bronx	Harlem River Park Towers I & II	4280NaN0	44	1975	^[37]
Brooklyn	The Brooklyn Tower	10660NaN0	73	2022
Manhattan	One World Trade Center	17760NaN0	104	2014
Queens	The Orchard	8110NaN0	69	2024
Staten Island	Old Church of St. Joachim and St. Anne	2250NaN0	1	1891	^[38] ^[39]

Tallest under construction or proposed

Under construction

This lists buildings that are currently under construction in New York City and are expected to rise to a height of at least 650feet. Buildings under construction that have already been topped out are also included, as are those whose construction has been suspended. For buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers, this table uses a floor count of 50 stories as the cutoff.

Name	data-sort-type="number"	Height	Floors	Year	data-sort-type="text"	Address	data-sort-type="number"	Coordinates	Notes
2 World Trade Center	1350feet	84	—	200 Greenwich Street	40.712°N -74.011°W	Would become the second-tallest building in the new World Trade Center complex upon completion. As of June 2020, construction is on hold after the completion of foundation work due to a lack of tenants. Both Bjarke Ingels and Norman Foster have proposed designs for the building, the final design will depend upon a prospective tenant's needs.^[40] ^[41] ^[42]
41–47 West 57th Street	11000NaN0	63	—	41-47 West 57th Street		Proposed by developer Sedesco with a design by OMA.^[43] Demolition work was completed on the site as of August 2021.^[44] Construction reportedly began in 2023.^[45]
570 Fifth Avenue	11000NaN0	78	2028	570 Fifth Avenue		Extell filed permits with several different potential plans for a supertall building on the site in late 2021.^[46] Demolition of existing structures was completed in 2023.^[47] Construction reportedly began in 2023.^[48]
740 Eighth Avenue	1067feet	52	2027	740 Eighth Avenue	40.7595°N -73.9877°W	Approved by the city in December 2021.^[49] Excavation underway as of October 2022.^[50] Plans call for a hotel, with a "vertical-drop" ride and observation tower.^[51] ^[52]
520 Fifth Avenue	1001feet	88	2025	—	—	Rabina Properties owns the site, and as of late 2021 the developer plans to build a KPF-designed mixed-use building.^[53] Excavation at the site began in early 2022.^[54]
45 Broad Street			—	45 Broad Street	40.7056°N -74.0114°W	Would become the tallest residential building in Downtown Manhattan if completed; has been on hold since 2020.^[55] ^[56]
3 Hudson Boulevard	9870NaN0	56	—	555 West 34th Street	40.7556°N -74.0016°W	Formerly known as GiraSole.^[57] The project remains on hold, though the developer's head of commercial leasing said in November 2021 that he is "hopeful that we'll have more significant news in the next six months or so" about the status of the project.^[58]
343 Madison Avenue	8440NaN0	49	—	343 Madison Avenue	—	Under-construction office tower developed by Boston Properties to replace the former Metropolitan Transportation Authority headquarters across from Grand Central Terminal.^[59] Demolition was completed in March 2023.^[60] Norges Bank Investment Management has invested in the building.^[61]
80 Flatbush	8400NaN0	74	2027	—	—	Approved by the New York City Council in September 2018.^[62] ^[63] The development will have two buildings; excavation on the site of the shorter building began in late 2021.^[64]
100 West 37th Street	7430NaN0	68	—	989–993 Sixth Avenue	—	Demolition began in 2023.^[65] The building will be residential, with 300 condominiums.^[66]
43-40 24th Street	7310NaN0	66	2026	43-30 24th Street	40.749°N -73.944°W	Foundation work began in December 2022, and the building rose above street level in March 2023. The building will be residential, with 921 units and ground-floor commercial space.^[67]
111 Washington Street	7120NaN0	64	2026	111 Washington Street	—	Excavation work on the site was first reported in June 2023 and was still underway as of October 2023.^[68] ^[69] The building will include 462 residential units, 7,000 square feet of commercial space, and a 60-foot-long rear yard.

* Table entries with dashes (—) indicate that information regarding expected building heights or dates of completion has not yet been released.

Approved

This table lists buildings that are approved for construction in New York City and are expected to rise at least 650feet in height. For buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers, this table uses a floor count of 50 stories as the cutoff.

Name	data-sort-type="number" style="width:80px;"	Height*	Floors	Year*	Notes
350 Park Avenue	16000NaN0	62	2032	350 Park Avenue has been quietly proposed by Vornado Realty Trust after a marketing brochure leaked renderings; the Foster and Partners-designed building would replace BlackRock's current headquarters after the company moves to 50 Hudson Yards in 2022.^[70] In January 2023, Bloomberg reported that Citadel intended to occupy roughly half the building's office space.^[71] In December 2023, the developer bought the air rights from the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of New York.^[72]
175 Park Avenue	1,581 (482)	85	2030	An Environmental Assessment Statement for 109 East 42nd Street in Midtown East reveals details for a proposed development called Project Commodore, a 1,581-foot-tall skyscraper on the site currently occupied by the Hyatt Grand Central New York. The building will be developed by RXR Realty and TF Cornerstone to designs by architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill.^[73] Some images of plans for the new structure were released by SOM in early 2021.^[74] Scott Rechler, CEO of RXR, anticipates the building will be complete by 2030.^[75]
360 Tenth Avenue	10000NaN0	—	—	Class A office building proposed by property owner McCourt Global and designed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill. Construction planned to commence in 2024.^[76]
5 World Trade Center	9170NaN0	80	2029	New design unveiled in February 2021.^[77] ^[78] Construction is anticipated to begin in 2024.^[79]
260 South Street Tower I	7980NaN0	73	—	Approved by the City Planning Commission in December 2018.^[80] ^[81]
260 South Street Tower II	7480NaN0	67	—	Approved by the City Planning Commission in December 2018.
259 Clinton Street	7300NaN0	62	—	Approved by the City Planning Commission in December 2018.^[82] ^[83]
10 West 57th Street	6720NaN0	52	—	Ultra-luxury condominium tower proposed by Sheldon Solow; the former buildings on the site were under demolition as of May 2020.^[84]

Proposed

This table lists buildings that are proposed for construction in New York City and are expected to rise at least 650feet in height. For buildings whose heights have not yet been released by their developers, this table uses a floor count of 50 stories as the cutoff.

Name	Height	Floors	Notes
Affirmation Tower	16640NaN0	95	David Adjaye designed the proposal for the site for developer Don Peebles.^[85] The request for proposal for which the plan was submitted has been revised by New York governor Kathy Hochul and now requires affordable housing, decreasing the likelihood of the building's construction.^[86] A compromise was made where affordable housing would replace the office space.^[87] ^[88]
Tower Fifth	15560NaN0	96	Tower Fifth is a slender office tower proposed by 432 Park Avenue developer Harry B. Macklowe of Macklowe Properties, would become the second-tallest tower in the Western Hemisphere and 15th-tallest in the world if completed as planned.^[89] ^[90]
80 South Street	14380NaN0	113	As of June 2019, the site is for sale after Chinese developer Oceanwide Holdings ran into financial difficulties.^[91]
Hudson Yards Phase II – Tower B	13760NaN0	74
265 West 45th Street	13120NaN0	98	Redevelopment of a Midtown address for a possible supertall office building.^[92] ^[93]
Wynn New York City	11890NaN0	80	Wynn New York City is a proposed integrated resort and casino which has been proposed as part of the Hudson Yards development. Proposed by Related and Wynn Resorts, construction will only occur if Wynn is awarded a casino license for downstate New York. The resort would feature 1,750 rooms and suites, making it one of the largest hotels in New York City.^[94]
Hudson Yards Phase II – Tower A	11800NaN0	80
247 Cherry	10130NaN0	78	SHoP Architects building being developed by JDS Development Group. Initial plans revealed in April 2016 and approved by the City Planning Commission in December 2018.^[95] ^[96] As of 2022, the developer is facing legal challenges to the site.^[97]
PENN15	10000NaN0	50	Proposed by Vornado prior to the financial crisis of 2007–2008; as of 2024 the developer is still seeking an anchor tenant to justify construction.^[98] Demolition work was underway in 2023, although, since early 2024, Vornado is still proposing covering the site the site with tennis courts and an event space. Its height has been reduced from 1270 to 1000 feet, but no construction date is certified. The building's location is only 2 blocks away from the Empire State Building. ^[99] ^[100] ^[101] ^[102]
321 East 96th Street	7600NaN0	68	Proposed by AvalonBay Communities, would become the tallest building in East Harlem.^[103] ^[104]
205 Montague Street	6720NaN0	47	Permits filed in March 2024.^[105]

* Table entries with dashes (—) indicate that information regarding building heights or dates of completion has not yet been released.

Tallest destroyed or demolished

This table lists buildings in New York City that were destroyed or demolished and at one time stood at least 500feet in height.

Name	Image	Height	Floors	Completed in	Destroyed in	Notes
1 World Trade Center (original)		13680NaN0	110	1972	2001	Destroyed in the September 11 attacks; stood as the tallest building in the world from 1972 until 1974.^[106]
2 World Trade Center (original)		13620NaN0	110	1973	2001	Destroyed in the September 11 attacks.^[107] ^[108]
270 Park Avenue		7070NaN0	52	1960	2021	Also known as JPMorgan Chase Tower and formerly the Union Carbide Building.^[109] ^[110] Demolition of the current building started in 2019, making it the tallest building in the world to be voluntarily demolished. A newer building will be built on the site, it will be 7160NaN0 taller than the demolished building, and will be completed in 2024.^[111]
Singer Building		6120NaN0	41	1908	1968	Demolished to make room for One Liberty Plaza; stood as tallest building in the world from 1908 until 1909.^[112] Tallest building ever to be demolished until the September 11 attacks,^[113] and tallest voluntarily demolished building in the world until 2019.
7 World Trade Center (original)		5700NaN0	47	1987	2001	Destroyed in the September 11 attacks.^[114] ^[115]
Deutsche Bank Building		5170NaN0	39	1974	2011	Deconstructed due to damage sustained in the September 11 attacks.^[116] ^[117]

Timeline of tallest buildings

This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in New York City. Both Trinity Church and the Empire State Building have held the title twice, the latter following the destruction of the World Trade Center in the September 11 attacks. The Empire State Building was surpassed by One World Trade Center in 2012.

Name	Image	data-sort-type="text"	Address	Years as tallest	data-sort-type="number"	Height	Floors	Notes
Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church		Fort Amsterdam	1643–1846		1	Demolished^[118]
Trinity Church		79 Broadway	1846–1853	2790NaN0	1	^[119]
Latting Observatory (1853–1856)		42nd Street and Fifth Avenue	1853–1854	3150NaN0	3	Height reduced by 75feet in 1854; burned down in 1856^[120]
Trinity Church		79 Broadway	1854–1890	2790NaN0	1
World Building (1890–1955)		73 Park Avenue	1890–1894	3090NaN0	20	Demolished in 1955
Manhattan Life Insurance Building (1894–1964)		64–70 Broadway	1894–1899	3480NaN0	18	Demolished in 1964^[121]
Park Row Building		13–21 Park Row	1899–1908	3910NaN0	30	^[122]
Singer Building (1908–1968)		149 Broadway	1908–1909	6120NaN0	47	Demolished in 1968^[123]
Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower		1 Madison Avenue	1909–1913	7000NaN0	50
Woolworth Building		233 Broadway	1913–1930	7920NaN0	57
Bank of Manhattan Trust Building		40 Wall Street	1930	9270NaN0	71
Chrysler Building		405 Lexington Avenue	1930–1931	10460NaN0	77
Empire State Building		350 Fifth Avenue	1931–1971	12500NaN0	102
1 World Trade Center (1971–2001)		1 World Trade Center	1971–2001	13680NaN0	110	Destroyed in the September 11, 2001, attacks
Empire State Building		350 Fifth Avenue	2001–2012	12500NaN0	102
One World Trade Center		1 World Trade Center	2012–present	17760NaN0	104	^[124]

See also

• Architecture of New York City
• List of cities with the most skyscrapers
• List of tallest buildings
• List of tallest buildings in the United States
• List of tallest buildings in Albany, New York
• List of tallest buildings in Brooklyn
• List of tallest buildings in Buffalo, New York
• List of tallest buildings in Jersey City
• List of tallest buildings in New Jersey
• List of tallest buildings in Queens
• List of tallest buildings in Rochester, New York
• List of tallest buildings in Upstate New York

References

Sources

• Web site: New York City – The Skyscraper Center. June 12, 2020. CTBUH.

External links

• Diagram of New York City skyscrapers on SkyscraperPage
• 100 years of New York skyline on Favrify

Notes and References

1. Web site: Buildings in New York City (existing). June 12, 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612161717/https://www.emporis.com/city/101028/new-york-city-ny-usa/status/existing/350. June 12, 2020. dead. mdy-all.
2. Web site: One World Trade Center. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612161858/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/98. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
3. Web site: Cheers Erupt as Spire Tops One World Trade Center. Murray, Matt. Kim, Eun Kyung. May 10, 2013. June 12, 2020. CNBC. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612162028/https://www.cnbc.com/id/100727418. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
4. Web site: CTBUH Affirms One World Trade Center Height. CTBUH. November 12, 2013. June 12, 2020. Global Tall News. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20181106144736/https://www.ctbuh.org/News/GlobalTallNews/PR_131112_1WTCHeight/tabid/5949/language/en-US/Default.aspx. November 6, 2018. mdy-all.
5. Web site: One Vanderbilt Avenue. December 4, 2021. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211030234410/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-vanderbilt-avenue/15833. October 30, 2021. mdy-all.
6. Web site: 432 Park Avenue. December 4, 2021. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20211101022946/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/432-park-avenue/13227. November 1, 2021. mdy-all.
7. Web site: Center of the World Timeline. PBS. June 12, 2020. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20070502225357/https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/newyork/timeline/index.html. May 2, 2007. mdy-all.
8. Web site: Empire State Building. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612162526/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/empire-state-building/261. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
9. Web site: One World Trade Center (Previous). June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612162844/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/one-world-trade-center/200. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
10. Web site: World Trade Center tower surpasses Empire State. April 30, 2012. June 12, 2020. CBS News. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612163009/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/world-trade-center-tower-surpasses-empire-state//. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
11. Web site: One World Trade Center To Supplant Willis Tower As Nation's Tallest Building. April 30, 2012. June 12, 2020. CBS Chicago. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612163407/https://chicago.cbslocal.com/2012/04/30/one-world-trade-center-to-supplant-willis-tower-as-nations-tallest-building/. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
12. Web site: Three World Trade Center. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612163541/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/3-world-trade-center/273. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
13. Web site: Four World Trade Center. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612163638/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/4-world-trade-center/545. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
14. Web site: Seven World Trade Center. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612163722/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/7-world-trade-center/1117. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
15. Web site: Five World Trade Center. April 21, 2021. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20210420195117/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/5-world-trade-center/40438. April 20, 2021. mdy-all.
16. Web site: Two World Trade Center. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612163831/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/2-world-trade-center/19928. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
17. Web site: New York City. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612170408/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/city/new-york-city. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
18. Web site: New York World Building. June 12, 2020. Skyscraper Source Media. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612164308/https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=7344. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
19. Web site: Trinity Church History. June 12, 2020. TrinityWallStreet. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612164510/https://www.trinitywallstreet.org/about/history. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
20. Web site: New York World Building. June 12, 2020. Skyscraper Museum. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612164730/https://old.skyscraper.org/TALLEST_TOWERS/t_world.htm. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
21. News: Gray. Christopher. March 12, 2000. Streetscapes/The Park Row Building, 15 Park Row; An 1899 'Monster' That Reigned High Over the City. en-US. The New York Times. July 27, 2020. 0362-4331.
22. Web site: Historic Structures Report: Park Row Building. November 16, 2005. National Register of Historic Places, National Park Service. 6.
23. Web site: World's Tallest Towers: Timeline of all Skyscrapers Holding the Title of Tallest Building in the World From 1890 to the Present. June 12, 2020. Skyscraper Museum. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612164836/https://old.skyscraper.org/TALLEST_TOWERS/tallest.htm. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
24. Web site: CTBUH Completed Buildings List. June 12, 2020. CTBUH. The Skyscraper Center. mdy-all. subscription.
25. Web site: New York: The Ultimate Skyscraper Laboratory. June 12, 2020. CTBUH. mdy-all.
26. Web site: NYC Completed & Demolished Data. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. mdy-all. subscription.
27. Web site: Central Park Tower. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612221845/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/central-park-tower/14269. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
28. Web site: Empire State Building. Faa.gov. June 12, 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612221933/https://oeaaa.faa.gov/oeaaa/external/searchAction.jsp?action=displayOECase&oeCaseID=91490. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
29. Web site: Secrets of the Empire State Building. June 12, 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612221952/https://broadway.showtickets.com/articles/secrets-of-empire-state-building/. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
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31. Web site: Gannon. Devin. One Vanderbilt tops out at 1,401 feet, becomes tallest office building in Midtown. September 17, 2019. 6sqft. June 12, 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612222331/https://www.6sqft.com/one-vanderbilt-tops-out-at-1401-feet-becomes-tallest-office-building-in-midtown/. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
32. Web site: Nelson. Andrew. 30 Hudson Yards Officially Tops Out 1,296 Feet Above Street Level. New York YIMBY. July 3, 2018. June 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612222410/https://newyorkyimby.com/2018/07/30-hudson-yards-officially-tops-out-1296-feet-above-street-level.html. June 12, 2020. live. mdy-all.
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43. News: Block . India . 8 July 2021 . Visual shows new supertall OMA skyscraper for New York . 3 September 2021 . Dezeen . en.
44. News: Young . Michael . 24 August 2021 . Demolition Complete for 1,100-Foot Supertall at 41–47 West 57th Street in Midtown, Manhattan . 10 January 2023 . New York YIMBY.
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47. Web site: 2023-04-28 . Extell's 570 Fifth Avenue Supertall Awaits Excavation in Midtown, Manhattan . 2024-03-07 . New York YIMBY . en-US.
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49. Web site: 2021-12-29 . As Extell plans new towering observation deck, see NYC apartments with incredible city views . CityRealty.
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52. News: Young . Michael . Pruznick . Matt . Excavation Underway for Supertall Hotel and Observation Tower at 740 Eighth Avenue in Midtown, Manhattan . 23 February 2023 . New York YIMBY . 27 December 2022.
53. News: Young . Michael . 520 Fifth Avenue Awaits Supertall Construction in Midtown, Manhattan . 28 December 2021 . New York YIMBY . 20 December 2021.
54. News: Young . Michael . Excavation Underway for Kohn Pedersen Fox's 520 Fifth Avenue Supertall in Midtown, Manhattan . 31 March 2022 . New York YIMBY . 1 March 2022.
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58. News: The Moinian Group . Moinian Group Shows the Wisdom of Long-Range Planning Through Perilous Times . 1 November 2021 . Commercial Observer . 1 November 2021.
59. News: Boston Properties Files Permits For 49-Story Skyscraper At 343 Madison Avenue In Midtown East, Manhattan. New York YIMBY. August 7, 2022. Londono. Vanessa. August 7, 2022.
60. News: Young . Michael . 13 March 2023 . Demolition Wraps Up For KPF-Designed Office Skyscraper At 343 Madison Avenue In Midtown East, Manhattan . New York YIMBY . 14 March 2023.
61. News: Wong . Natalie . Lundgren . Kari . NYC Project Near Grand Central Draws Norway Fund as Investor . 27 September 2023 . Bloomberg.com . 27 September 2023 . en.
62. Web site: Brooklyn's 80 Flatbush gets decisive City Council approval. Warerkar. Tanay. September 26, 2018. Curbed NY. June 12, 2020.
63. Web site: Massive Downtown Brooklyn project will include 900 apartments, schools, cultural space. Rosenberg. Zoe. April 3, 2017. Curbed. June 12, 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200608195158/https://ny.curbed.com/2017/4/3/15169318/downtown-brooklyn-development-alloy-80-flatbush. June 8, 2020. mdy-all.
64. News: Young . Michael . Excavation Underway for The Alloy Block at 100 Flatbush Avenue in Downtown Brooklyn . New York YIMBY . 16 December 2021.
65. News: Young . Michael . Pruznick . Matt . Rendering Released for 68-Story Skyscraper at 100 West 37th Street in Midtown, Manhattan . 12 July 2023 . New York YIMBY . 29 March 2023.
66. News: Young . Michael . Demolition Continues for 68-Story Skyscraper at 100 West 37th Street in Midtown, Manhattan . 12 July 2023 . New York YIMBY . 11 July 2023.
67. News: Young . Michael . Pruznick . Matt . Foundation Work Begins At 43–30 24th Street In Long Island City, Queens . 28 September 2023 . New York YIMBY . 18 December 2022.
68. News: Young . Michael . Pruznick . Matt . Earthwork Underway at 111 Washington Street in Financial District, Manhattan . 6 October 2023 . New York YIMBY . 2 June 2023.
69. Web site: Young . Michael . Pruznick . Matt . October 6, 2023 . Excavation Continues For 64-Story Skyscraper At 111 Washington Street In Financial District, Manhattan . October 6, 2023 . New York YIMBY.
70. News: Vornado's Supertall 350 Park Avenue Fully Revealed, Expected To Rise Nearly 1,500′ To Pinnacle. New York YIMBY. May 4, 2019. Fedak. Nikolai. June 12, 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612224839/https://newyorkyimby.com/2019/05/vornados-supertall-350-park-avenue-fully-revealed-expected-to-rise-nearly-1500-to-pinnacle.html. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
71. News: Gordon . Amanda L. . Wong . Natalie . Citadel Plots Out NYC Tower in Major Buildout After Banner Year . 9 January 2023 . Bloomberg . 9 January 2023 . en.
72. Web site: December 13 . Jack Rogers . AM . 2023 at 07:12 . Citadel, Vornado Buy Air Rights for 350 Park Avenue Tower . 2024-03-07 . GlobeSt . en.
73. News: Londono. Vanessa. 1,646-Foot-Tall Project Commodore Revealed, New York City's Possible New Tallest Building By Roof Height, In Midtown East. November 23, 2020. NewYorkYimby.com. November 21, 2020. mdy-all.
74. News: Bonanos . Christopher . The Tower Replacing the Grand Hyatt Is an Absolute Behemoth . 3 February 2021 . Curbed . 2 February 2021 . en-us.
75. News: Young . Michael . Pruznick . Matt . New Rendering Released for Project Commodore Supertall at 175 Park Avenue in Midtown East, Manhattan . 18 March 2023 . New York YIMBY . 18 January 2023.
76. Web site: August 25, 2023 . First Look at 360 Tenth Avenue, Supertall Office Tower Planned Across from Hudson Yards . CityRealty.
77. Web site: Young. Michael. Five World Trade Centers 917 Foot Tall Redesign by Kohn Pedersen Fox Revealed in Manhattans Financial District. New York YIMBY. February 13, 2021.
78. Web site: Gannon. Devin. February 12, 2021. Plan for 900 Foot Tower with 1325 Rentals at 5 World Trade Center Moves Forward. 6sqft. March 7, 2023.
79. Web site: The Skyscraper Dividing New York . 2024-03-07 . www.theb1m.com . en.
80. Web site: kerryb . December 5, 2018 . City Planning approves controversial trio of resi towers in Two Bridges . June 12, 2020 . The Real Deal New York.
81. Web site: Wilson. Reid. Design Revealed For Two-Towered, 1,350-Unit Mixed-Use Project Proposed At 260 South Street, Lower East Side. December 5, 2016. New York YIMBY. June 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612231007/https://newyorkyimby.com/2016/12/design-revealed-for-two-towered-1350-unit-mixed-use-project-proposed-at-260-south-street-lower-east-side.html. June 12, 2020. live. mdy-all.
82. Web site: Nelson. Andrew. New Rendering Revealed for The Lower East Side's Next Skyscraper at 259 Clinton Street. June 25, 2018. New York YIMBY. June 12, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612231804/https://www.newyorkyimby.com/2018/06/new-rendering-revealed-for-the-lower-east-sides-next-skyscraper-at-259-clinton-street.html. June 12, 2020. live. mdy-all.
83. Web site: 259 Clinton Street – The Skyscraper Center . 2024-03-07 . www.skyscrapercenter.com.
84. News: Demolition Progressing For Solow's 52-Story Skyscraper At 10–20 West 57th Street, In Midtown. New York YIMBY. Young. Michael. May 3, 2020. June 12, 2020.
85. News: Brown . Adrienne . 29 October 2021 . A Skyscraper Built Mostly by Black Firms Is Still Not a Civil-Rights Achievement . 30 October 2021 . Curbed . en-us.
86. News: Cunningham . Cathy . 21 March 2022 . Don Peebles Hopes to Build the Most Inclusive Skyscraper in Manhattan . 31 March 2022 . Commercial Observer.
87. Web site: 2023-11-21 . David Adjaye's Affirmation Tower Remains on Hold at 418 Eleventh Avenue in Hudson Yards, Manhattan . 2024-03-07 . New York YIMBY . en-US.
88. Web site: Affirmation Tower – The Skyscraper Center . 2024-03-07 . www.skyscrapercenter.com.
89. News: Bagli . Charles V. . January 18, 2019 . The Empire State Building May Soon Have Another Rival on the Skyline . June 12, 2020 . . mdy-all.
90. Web site: Tower Fifth – The Skyscraper Center . 2024-03-07 . www.skyscrapercenter.com.
91. News: China Oceanwide Holdings Quietly Marketing 80 South Street for $300M. Cunningham. Cathy. February 11, 2019. Commercial Observer. June 23, 2019. Elkies Schram. Lauren.
92. News: Young . Michael . September 2, 2019 . Possible Supertall In The Works as Extell Files Demolition Permits For 724–726 Eighth Avenue, in Midtown West . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200612225825/https://newyorkyimby.com/2019/09/possible-supertall-in-the-works-as-extell-files-demolition-permits-for-724-726-eighth-avenue-in-midtown-west.html . June 12, 2020 . June 12, 2020 . New York YIMBY . mdy-all.
93. Web site: 265 West 45th Street – The Skyscraper Center . 2024-03-07 . www.skyscrapercenter.com.
94. News: Young . Michael . New Renderings Revealed For Wynn Resorts At Phase Two Of Hudson Yards . 14 March 2024 . New York YIMBY . 14 March 2024.
95. Web site: Rosenberg . Zoe . April 27, 2016 . JDS Unveils Plans For a Gigantic 77-Story Lower East Side Tower . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200608195150/https://ny.curbed.com/2016/4/27/11520138/jds-lower-east-side-tower-247-cherry . June 8, 2020 . June 12, 2020 . Curbed . mdy-all.
96. Web site: 247 Cherry Street – The Skyscraper Center . 2024-03-07 . www.skyscrapercenter.com.
97. Web site: Rebong . Kevin . Ralph . Pat . 2022-11-18 . Michael Stern’s Two Bridges Project Loses Zoning Appeal . 2024-03-07 . The Real Deal . en.
98. Web site: Weiss . Lois . May 9, 2017 . Finance firm in talks over Vornado's jumbo skyscraper . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200612230030/https://nypost.com/2017/05/09/finance-firm-in-talks-over-vornados-jumbo-skyscraper/ . June 12, 2020 . June 12, 2020 . . mdy-all.
99. Web site: Penn 15 – The Skyscraper Center . 2024-03-07 . www.skyscrapercenter.com.
100. Web site: Young . Michael . Pruznick . Matt . 2023-06-26 . Demolition Nears Completion for PENN15 Supertall at 15 Penn Plaza in Midtown, Manhattan . 2024-03-07 . New York YIMBY . en-US.
101. Web site: Dilakian . Steven . Staff . T. R. D. . 2024-02-15 . Vornado Serves Up New Pitch at Hotel Pennsylvania Site . 2024-03-07 . The Real Deal . en.
102. Web site: Dilakian . Steven . Staff . T. R. D. . 2024-06-25 . New Renderings For PENN15 . 2024-07-20 . NY YIMBY . en.
103. News: Gannon . Devin . January 2, 2018 . Battle heats up over East Harlem park where a 760-foot tower is planned . June 12, 2020 . 6sqft.
104. Web site: 321 East 96th Street . June 12, 2020 . ctbuh.org.
105. Web site: Londono . Vanessa . March 21, 2024 . Permits Filed For A 47-Story Tower At 205 Montague Street In Brooklyn Heights . New York YIMBY.
106. Web site: One World Trade Center. June 12, 2020. Skyscraper Source Media. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612232314/https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=15. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
107. Web site: Two World Trade Center (Previous). June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612232334/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/two-world-trade-center/202. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
108. Web site: Two World Trade Center. June 12, 2020. Skyscraper Source Media. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612232346/https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=30. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
109. Web site: JPMorgan Chase Tower. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612203242/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/jpmorgan-chase-tower/1341. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
110. Web site: JP Morgan Chase World Headquarters. June 12, 2020. SkyscraperPage.com. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612203253/https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=2589. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
111. News: Out With the Old Building, in With the New for JPMorgan Chase. Bagli. Charles V.. February 21, 2018. The New York Times. June 12, 2020. 0362-4331. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612203325/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/21/nyregion/jpmorgan-chase-headquarters.html. June 12, 2020. live. mdy-all.
112. Web site: Singer Building. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612232448/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/singer-building/2080. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
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115. Web site: 7 World Trade Center. June 12, 2020. Skyscraper Source Media. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612232738/https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1002. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
116. Web site: Deutsche Bank Building (Previous). June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612232800/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/deutsche-bank/3510. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
117. Web site: Deutsche Bank Building. June 12, 2020. Skyscraper Source Media. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612232948/https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=359. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
118. Web site: Congregation History. June 12, 2020. The (Collegiate) Reformed Protestant Dutch Church Of the City of New York. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612233044/http://www.upword.com/collegiate/church.html. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
119. Web site: Trinity Church. June 12, 2020. Skyscraper Source Media. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612233100/https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=34203. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
120. News: Pollak, Michael. F.Y.I.: Over the Bounding Pond. The New York Times. August 28, 2005. June 12, 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612233143/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/28/nyregion/thecity/over-the-bounding-pond.html. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
121. Web site: Manhattan Life Insurance Building. June 12, 2020. The Skyscraper Center. CTBUH. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612233426/https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/manhattan-life-insurance-building/8928. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
122. Web site: Park Row Building. June 12, 2020. Skyscraper Source Media. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20071124070559/https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=3927. November 24, 2007. mdy-all.
123. Web site: Singer Building. June 12, 2020. Skyscraper Source Media. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612233508/https://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=1031. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.
124. Web site: One World Trade Center. Skyscraper Source Media. June 12, 2020. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200612171321/https://skyscraperpage.com/cities?buildingID=7788. June 12, 2020. mdy-all.