New York City Sheriff's Office Explained

Agencyname:Office of the Sheriff of the City of New York
Commonname:New York City Sheriff's Office
Patch:New York City Sheriff's Office Logo.png
Patchcaption:Patch of the New York City Sheriff's Office
Flag:Flag of the New York City Sheriff's Office.png
Flagcaption:Flag of the City of New York City Sheriff's Office
Motto:New York's First
Formedyear:1942
Country:United States
Countryabbr:U.S.
Divtype:City
Divname:New York
Subdivtype:City
Subdivname:New York City
Map:Map of New York Highlighting New York City.svg
Sizearea:468.484sqmi
Sizepopulation:8,537,673 (2017)
Legaljuris:New York City
Police:no
Sworntype:Deputy sheriffs and investigator
Sworn:150
Chief1name:Anthony Miranda
Chief1position:Sheriff of the City of New York
Parentagency:New York City Department of Finance
Stationtype:County field office
Stations:5

The New York City Sheriff's Office (NYCSO), officially the Office of the Sheriff of the City of New York, is the primary civil law enforcement agency for New York City.[1] The Sheriff's Office is a division of the New York City Department of Finance, operating as an enforcement arm.[2] The Sheriff's Office handles investigations concerning cigarette tax enforcement, real estate property/deed fraud and other matters deemed necessary by the Department of Finance.[3]

In addition, as the city's chief civil law enforcement agency concerning the New York State Court System, the Sheriff's Office enforces a variety of mandates, orders, warrants and decrees issued by courts. Enforcement tools include evictions, seizure of property, arrests and garnishments. Auctions are conducted for property the agency seizes and levies upon.

History

The New York City Sheriff's Office originated in 1626 under the Dutch. Under later English rule, the position became known as the New York County Sheriff's Office. Originally each of the city's five county-boroughs had its own sheriff, each of which held the widest law enforcement jurisdiction in their respective county-boroughs. Like most sheriffs in the United States, these office holders were elected to their positions. Once the city was consolidated in 1898, the New York City Police Department took over the responsibility of policing and criminal investigations throughout New York City, while the Sheriff's Office continued to focus on civil law enforcement and administering the county prison systems. Sheriffs were compensated by charging fees for enforcing civil orders in addition to keeping a monetary percentage (known as poundage) of what their office would seize. By 1915, plans were made by the commissioner of accounts to alter the way sheriffs were compensated to include a determined salary instead of having the office holder personally retain fees and poundage. Although fees and poundage would still be charged by sheriffs, the monies would be retained for their respective county's use only.[4] In 1938, the first female deputy sheriff was appointed.[5]

On January 1, 1942, the city's five county sheriff's offices were merged to become the Office of the Sheriff of the City of New York. The city's five county sheriffs were abolished and replaced with borough "chief deputies" (later undersheriffs) reporting to the now mayorally-appointed citywide sheriff. A contemporary report of the changes emphasized professionalization of the office, which had become notorious for employing political patronage beneficiaries. The new top five commanders were "all college graduates" and "lawyers like their chief, who promises to keep out politics".[6] At the same time, the sheriff's former responsibility for running prison systems was transferred to the newly established New York City Department of Correction.[7]

Rank structure

TitleInsignia Badge designUniform shirt color
SheriffMedallion with eagle and five stars
First Deputy SheriffMedallion with eagle and four stars
Chief of StaffMedallion with eagle and three stars
Deputy Sheriff – LieutenantMedallion with Rank
Deputy Sheriff – SergeantShield with eagle
Deputy SheriffShield

In order to be appointed as deputies, candidates must first pass a civil service entrance examination and meet educational/experiential requirements. Candidates must also pass medical and psychological examinations, physical ability tests, and a full background investigation.[8] In addition to deputy sheriffs, the Sheriff's Office employs sworn criminal investigators and an assortment of civilian support personnel.

As of May 3, 2022, Anthony Miranda was appointed the 122nd Sheriff of the City of New York.[9]

The uniform of the Sheriff's Office is a typical NYC law enforcement agent's uniform, with a dark blue shirt with metal badge and collar pins, dark blue trousers, tie, jacket and peaked cap. The Field Support Unit wears a less formal version without metal badges and pins, and with writing on their shirts and jackets. A variety of vests, gloves and other appropriate gear for the season/duty can be worn.[10]

Operational structure

The New York City Sheriff's Office is composed of three sections: Operations, Intelligence, and Support.[11]

Operations section

The operations section is composed of the five county field offices and certain units working citywide. Within the county field offices, deputy sheriffs assigned to civil enforcement duties are referenced as Law Enforcement Bureau (LEB) personnel. LEB deputies perform a wide array of tasks such as evictions,[12] civil arrest warrants,[13] orders to commit, and the seizure and sale of property pursuant to judicial mandates.[14] [15] Businesses and individuals that owe the city money pursuant to unpaid tax warrants, environmental control board summons and fire and health code violation fines are targeted for enforcement action. LEB deputies also serve a wide variety of legal process,[16] with orders of protection considered a priority. Each county field office is complemented by civilian support staff to assist in daily administrative functions and customer service. These field offices are accessible to the public, giving citizens of the county/borough a local place to file court process in need of enforcement.[17] Deputies of the Operations Section may be assigned to duties separate from the LEB, either within a county field office or citywide. These duties include arrests and apprehensions on behalf of other non enforcement city agencies such as the Human Resources Administration, the Department of Health and Mental Hygiene and the Administration for Children's Services. Deputies may be assigned to scofflaw enforcement or security duties at the city treasury. The Operations Section will also provide deputies for any other assignment as deemed necessary by the agency.[11]

Intelligence section

The intelligence section is composed of the Bureau of Criminal Investigation (BCI) and the Intelligence Unit. The BCI investigates city tax violation,[18] real property larceny/deed fraud,[19] [20] synthetic narcotic enforcement (such as spice/K2 and bath salts)[21] and offenses against the Department of Finance. The Intelligence Unit collects, analyzes, and disseminates information from various sources to be readily available for agency use.

Support section

The support section handles communications, property disposition, evidence destruction and field support services for the agency.[11]

Power and authority

Deputy sheriffs and criminal investigators (sheriff detective and sheriff investigator) are New York State peace officers with authority to make warrantless arrests, issue summonses, carry and use a firearm, conducted energy device, baton, pepper spray, handcuffs. Deputy sheriffs receive their peace officer status pursuant to the New York State Criminal Procedure Law (CPL) §2.10 subdivision 2, while criminal investigators receive their peace officer status from CPL §2.10 subdivision 5.

Deputy sheriffs are also civil enforcement officers with authority to enforce the New York State Civil Practice Law and Rules (CPLR) concerning civil procedure.[22]

Special officers

The sheriff's office also employs special officers who support the deputy sheriffs and criminal investigators. Their uniform patch is similar to the NYPD's School Safety and Traffic Enforcement divisions, with "PUBLIC SAFETY" over the top of the sheriff patch, to distinguish them from deputies.[23] Special officers work as part of the team of sheriff's deputies and detectives and perform bailiff functions and protect the NYC Finance Administrative Hearings Tribunal.[23]

Ranks

  1. Special Officer.
  2. Special Officer Sergeant.

Fallen officers

Since the establishment of the sheriff's offices throughout the five counties of New York City, seven sworn officers have died in the line of duty.[24]

OfficerDepartmentDate of deathDetails
Deputy Sheriff Isaac SmithBronx County Sheriff's OfficeGunfire
Deputy Sheriff Henry WendelstorfQueens County Sheriff's DepartmentAssault
Sheriff Paul StierQueens County Sheriff's DepartmentGunfire
Keeper Morris BrodersonBronx County Sheriff's OfficeGunfire
Keeper Daniel D. HorganBronx County Sheriff's OfficeGunfire
Deputy Sheriff John T. MillerQueens County Sheriff's DepartmentAutomobile accident
Deputy Sheriff Fred D'AmoreQueens County Sheriff's DepartmentAutomobile accident

Historical sheriffs

New York City

Effective January 1, 1942, one citywide sheriff began serving all five counties within the City of New York. The following is a list of the citywide sheriffs since the original five county positions were merged. The position is appointed by the mayor of New York City.

OrderNameTermNotes and references
106John J. McCloskey1942 - 1971He was the first to serve all five counties.[25]
107H. William Kehl1971 - 1973
108Joseph P. Brennan1973 - 1974
109Frederick Weinberger1974 - 1975Acting sheriff
110Edward A. Pichler1975 - 1987
111Vincent M. Pharao1987 - 1989
112Harry Weisberg1989 - 1990Acting sheriff
113Philip A. Crimaldi1990 - 1994
114Kerry Katsorhis1994 - 1995
115Raul Russi1995 - 1996
116Teresa Mason1996 - 2000First female to serve as sheriff of New York City
117Henry Coira2001 - 2001Acting sheriff
118Caliph T. Mathis2001 - 2002
119Lindsay Eason2002 - 2010
120Joseph Fucito2010 - 2011Acting sheriff
121Edgar A. Domenech2011 - 2014He was the 121st Sheriff of New York City including acting sheriffs in the count. "Mr. Domenech will become the city’s 117th sheriff [excluding acting sheriffs] and will oversee a staff of 174 employees, including 118 deputy sheriffs, and an annual budget of $16 million."[26]
122Joseph Fucito2014 - 2022
123Anthony Miranda2022 - present

Kings County

NameTermNotes and references
Sheriff Stillwell1683–1685Term began in October
Roeloff Martense1685–1686Term began in October
Gerrit Strycker1686–1690Term began in October
Myndert Coerten1690–1691Term began on December 13, 1690
Gerrit Strycker1691–1694Term began on March 21, 1691
Jacobus Kiersted1694–1698Term began on May 24, 1694
Englebert Lott1698–1699Term began in October
John Elbertson1699–1700Term began in October
Benjamin Vandewater1700–1702October
Richard Stillwell1702–1715October
Benjamin Vandewater1715–1717October. This was his second non-consecutive term.
Tunis Lott1717–1730October
Dominicus Vanderveer1730–1736October. This was his second non-consecutive term.
Peter Strycker1736–1738October
Dominicus Vanderveer1738–1740Term started on February 24, 1738
Jacobus Ryder1740–1754October
Maurice Lott1754–1762October
Rem Vanderbilt1762–1763October
Jeremiah Vanderbilt1763–1766October
Nicholas Couwenhoven1766Term began in October
Alexander Forbush1766–1767Term started on November 24, 1766
Rutger Van Brunt1767–1784Term began in October
William Boerum1784–1785Term began on February 4
Peter Vandervoort1785–1788Term began on September 28
Charles Turnbull (sheriff)1788–1791Term began on December 29
John Vanderveer1791–1793Term began on March 8
Cornelius Bergen1793–1797Term began on February 18, 1793
Peter S. Cortelyou1797–1800Term began on February 7, 1797
Cornelius Bergen1800–1804Term began on February 17, 1800
John Schoonmaker1804–1807Term began on February 16
Benjamin Birdsall (sheriff)1807–1810Term began on March 9
John Dean (sheriff)1810–1811Term began on February 26, 1810.
Abiel Titus1811Term began on February 5
William D. Creed1811–1813Term began on June 5
John Dean (sheriff)1813–1815Term began on March 23
Lawrence Brower1815–1817Term began on March 28
Jacob Garrison1817Term began on March 19
John Wyckoff (sheriff)1817–1821Term began on August 29
John Teunis Bergen (1786–1855)1821–1822Term began on February 12, 1821.[27]
John Teunis Bergen (1786–1855)1822–1825Term began in November 1822.
John Wyckoff1825–1828November
John Teunis Bergen1828–1831Term began in November 1828. He resigned from office. This was his second non-consecutive term.
John Lawrence (sheriff)1831–1834He was appointed vice sheriff (acting sheriff) on March 15, 1831, to replace John Teunis Bergen, who had resigned.
John Van Dyne1834–1837November
William M. Udall1837–1841November
Francis B. Stryker1841–1843November
William Jenkins (sheriff)1843–1846November
Daniel Van Voorhies1846–1849November
Andrew B. Hodges1849–1852November
Englebert Lott1852–1855November
Jerome Ryerson1855–1857November. He died in office.
George Remson1857Appointed vice sheriff (acting sheriff) on April 3, 1857, to complete the term of Jerome Ryerson.
Burdett Stryker1857–1860November
Anthony F. Campbell1860–1863November
John McNamee (sheriff)1863–1866November
Patrick Campbell (sheriff)1866–1869November
Anthony Walter (sheriff)1869–1872November
Aras G. Williams1872–1875November
Albert Daggett1875–1878November
Thomas M. Riley1878–1881November
Lewis R. Stegman1881–1884Term began in November.[28] [29]
Charles B. Farley1884–1887November
Clark D. Rhinehart1887–1890November
John Courtney (sheriff)1890–1893
William J. Buttling1893–1898November
Frank D. Creamer (1859–1913)1898–1900[30]
William Waltton1900–1902
Charles S. Guden1902He was removed from office by Governor Benjamin Odell in 1902.[31]
Norman Staunton Dike, Sr. (1862–1953)1902He was born in 1862. He was appointed as vice sheriff (acting sheriff) by Governor Benjamin Odell in 1902 to complete the term of Sheriff Guden. He died on April 15, 1953.[32]
William E. Melody1903He was elected November 1902 and took office in January 1903.[33]
Henry Hesterberg1904–1908
Alfred T. Hobley1908–1910He was elected on November 5, 1907, and took office on January 1, 1908.
J. S. Shea1910–1912Crowley Wentworth (1869–1928) was the deputy sheriff.[34]
Julis Harburger1912–1913
Charles Blakeslee Law (1872–1929)1913–1914Term expired on December 31, 1913.[35]
Lewis M. Swasey1914–1915Term expired on December 31, 1915
Edward J. Riegelmann (1870–1941) 1916–1917[36]
Daniel Joseph Griffin (1880–1926)1918–1919He was born in 1880. His term expired on December 31, 1919. He died in 1926.[37]
John Drescher1920–1921Term expired on December 31, 1921
P. B. Seery1922–1923Term expired on December 31, 1923
John N. Harman1924–1925He was the Park Commissioner prior to sheriff. Term expired on December 31, 1925
Frank J. Taylor1926–1927Term expired on December 31, 1927
Herman M. Hessberg1929–1930Term expired on December 31, 1930
James V. Mangano1938–1941Last sheriff of King's County.[38]

Queens County

NameTermNotes and references
Sheriff Thomas M. Quinn1910
Paul Stier? to 1916He died on October 13, 1916, while trying to arrest Frank Taff at Whitestone Landing.[39]

New York County

The first sheriff of New York County, Jan Lampo, was in office in 1626, although his title was Schout. Prior to 1942 the sheriff of New York County was an elected position.

NameTermNotes and references
Marinus Willett (1740–1830)1784–1787Appointed on Feb 4, 1784
Robert Boyd1787–1791Appointed on Sep 29, 1787
Marinus Willett (1740–1830)1791–1795Appointed on Sep 29, 1791
1795–1798Appointed on Sep. 29, 1795
James Morris1798–1801Appointed on Dec 29, 1798
John Stagg, Jr. (–1803)1801–1803Appointed on Aug 10, 1801. Died on Aug 29, 1803
Joseph Constant1803–1807Appointed on Oct 7, 1803
William Cutting1807–1808Appointed on Feb 17, 1807
Benjamin Ferris1808–1810Appointed on Feb 16, 1808
Edward Dunscomb1810–1811Appointed on Feb 13, 1810
Benjamin Ferris1811–1813Appointed on Feb 19, 1811
Thomas R. Mercein1813Appointed on Mar 5, 1813. Declined the appointment
Simon Fleet1813–1815Appointed on Mar 16, 1813
Ruggles Hubbard1815–1817Appointed on Apr 20, 1815. Resigned Aug. 1817
James L. Bell (–1825)1817–1821Appointed on Aug 27, 1817
Mordecai Manuel Noah (1785–1851)1821–1823Appointed on Feb 13, 1821
Peter Hercules Wendover (1768–1834)1823–1826[40]
Oliver M. Lownds (1799–1844)1826–1829
James Shaw (–1847)1829–1832
Jacob Westervelt (1794–1881)1832–1835
John Hillyer (1789–1874)1835–1838
Jacob Acker (1793–1849)1838–1841
Monmouth B. Hart (1803–1880)1841–1844
Col. William Jones1844–1847
John Jacob V.B. Westervelt (1805–1866)1847–1850
Thomas Carnley (1800–1857)1850–1853
John Orser (1808–1870)1853–1856
James C. Willet (1810–1864)1856–1859
Aaron B. Rollins (1818–1878)1853–1859Deputy sheriff.[41]
John Kelly (1822–1886)1859–1862
James Lynch (1821–1872)1862–1865
John Kelly (1822–1886)1865–1868
James O'Brien (1841–1907)1868–1871[42] [43]
Matthew T. Brennan (1822–1879)1871–1874
William C. Conner (1821–1881)1874–1877
Bernard Reilly (1827–1890)1877–1880
Peter Bowe (1833–1903)1880–1883He was born in 1833 in Ireland. He was elected sheriff in November 1879 on the Irving Hall ticket, and took office on January 1, 1880. Joel O. Stevens was his Under-Sheriff and Daniel E. Finn, Sr. (1845–1910) was his Deputy Sheriff.[44] He died on March 2, 1903.[45]
Alexander V. Davidson1883–1886
Bernard F. Martin, (1845–1914)circa 1885Deputy sheriff.[46]
Hugh J. Grant (1858–1910)1886–1889He later served as the 88th Mayor of New York City
James A. Flack (1830–1905)1889–1890He resigned Mar 26, 1890 after convicted of conspiracy to obtain an illegal divorce
Daniel Edgar Sickles (1819–1914)1890–1891Appointed by Gov. Hill on Mar 29 1890
John J. Gorman (1828–1895)1891–1894
Charles M. Clancy (1841–1894)1894He died Feb 25, 1894
John B. Sexton (1855–1910)1894–1895Appointed by Gov. Flowers on Feb 27, 1894
Edward J.H. Tamsen, Sr. (1849–1907)1895–1898He was born in Hamburg, Germany, in 1849. He was elected sheriff of New York County in November 1894. Governor Levi Parsons Morton removed him from office in 1896.[47] He died on July 24, 1907.
Thomas J. Dunn (1852–1905)1898–1900
William F. Grell (1852–1929)1900–1902
William J. O'Brien (1857–1917)1902–1904
Mitchell L. Erlanger (1857–1940)1904–1906
Nicholas J. Hayes (1856–1928)1906–1908[48]
Thomas F. Foley (1852–1925)1908–1910He was elected in Nov 1907 and took office on Jan 1, 1908.[49]
John S. Shea (1870–1944)1910–1912
Julius Harburger (1850–1914)1912–1914[50]
Max Samuel Grifenhagen (1861–1932)1914–1916Max Samuel Grifenhagen (May 12, 1861 – Oct. 28, 1932) was a Jewish American entrepreneur, businessman, manufacturer, and notable Republican politician in New York in the early 1900s. He was the noted sheriff of New York County (present day Manhattan), an alderman, and a city registrar.
Al Smith (1873–1944)1916–1918"As a reward for faithful service, Tammany's leaders named Mr. Smith as their candidate for Sheriff of New York while the convention was still in session. At that time the office of Sheriff was still on the fee system and was worth at least $50,000 (approximately $ today) a year to the incumbent." Note: This number appears too large to be accurate.[51]
David H. Knott (1879–1954)1918–1922
Percival E. Nagle (1859–1923)1922–1923He died Dec 28, 1923
Peter Joseph Dooling (1857–1931)1924Appointed by Gov. Smith on Jan 16 1924[52]
H. Warren Hubbard (–1946)1924–1926
Charles W. Culkin (1873–1962)1926–1929
Thomas M. Farley (1890–1934)1930–1932Removed from office by Gov. Roosevelt on Feb 24, 1932
John E. Sheehy (1883–1945)1932–1933Appointed by Gov. Roosevelt on Feb 29, 1932
Joseph T. Higgins (1891–1980)1933–1934
Daniel E. Finn, Sr. (1880–1949)1934–1938
Daniel E. Finn, Jr. (1905–1959)1938–1941
Robert P. Levis (1876–1943)1941Elected on Nov 4, 1941 but the office was abolished under consolidation. Appointed by Mayor LaGuardia on Jan 1, 1942 as a magistrate
James George Donovan (1898–1987)1934–1941Undersheriff.[53] After 1941 one sheriff served all five counties.

Richmond County

NameTermNotes and references
Harman Barkaloo Cropsey, Jr. (circa 1775–?)1829 to 1831
William J. Dempsey? to 1941He was the last Sheriff of Richmond County, New York before the office became the New York City Sheriff's Office.[54] [55]

Bronx County

NameTermNotes and references
James F. O'Brien (1868–1929)[56] 1920 to 1922First Sheriff of the County of The Bronx
James F. Donnelly 1918[57] [58] to 1920[59] Second Sheriff of the County of The Bronx
Thomas H. O'Neill1920 to 1922Third Sheriff of the County of The Bronx
Edward Joseph Flynn (1891–1953)1922 to 1925Fourth Sheriff of the County of The Bronx
Lester W. Patterson (1893–1947)[60] 1926[61] to 1929 Fifth Sheriff of the County of The Bronx
Robert L. Moran (1884–1954)1930 to 1933Sixth Sheriff of the County of The Bronx
John J. HanleySeventh Sheriff of the County of The Bronx

See also

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Divisions . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221002104142/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/finance/about/divisions.page . 2022-10-02 . 2023-02-03 . . City of New York.
  2. [New York City Charter]
  3. Web site: Sheriff . https://web.archive.org/web/20221216221803/https://www1.nyc.gov/site/finance/sheriff-courts/sheriff.page . 2022-12-16 . 2023-02-03 . . City of New York.
  4. News: . 1915-02-25 . Fees Of $400,000 To Five Sheriffs. Commissioner Wallstein Reports Collections Made by the Officials in Nine Years. In Favor of Bill Which Proposes to Limit Income of the Office to a Salary . LXIV . 20851 . 18 . .
  5. News: . 1938-01-05 . Woman Named Sheriff's Aide . LXXXVII. 29201 . 23 . .
  6. News: . 1942-01-02 . McCLOSKEY PICKS HIS 5 CHIEF AIDES . New York . XCI . 30659 . 15 . . 2012-01-09.
  7. News: McKinley . Jesse . 1994-11-27 . F.Y.I. . CXLIV . 49893 . New York . sec. 13 p. 2 . . 2008-01-21 . "Established in 1626, the Sheriff's office in Manhattan and its equivalents in the other boroughs served as a major part of the patchwork of law-enforcement agencies that existed before the city's consolidation in 1898. After that, the new New York City Police Department took over all the responsibility for Policing and criminal investigations in New York City. Prior to the merger into one department, the sheriff was responsible for maintaining the city jails and maintained custody over all inmates sentenced or awaiting trial for criminal cases. In 1941, The city charter was amended by public referendum votes to transfer custodial duties of inmates in criminal cases to the New York City Department of Correction. Today, the city sheriff's primary duties are enforcing court-ordered judgments and fines, including unpaid parking tickets and littering fines, and collecting judgments from reluctant losers in private lawsuits, said John George, the Sheriff's executive assistant.".
  8. Web site: Deputy City Sheriff . https://web.archive.org/web/20230126023528/https://www.nyc.gov/assets/dcas/downloads/pdf/noes/20233069000.pdf . 2023-01-26 . 2023-02-03 . . City of New York . PDF.
  9. Mayor Adams Appoints Anthony Miranda as New York City Sheriff . May 3, 2022 . https://web.archive.org/web/20221117030823/https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/271-22/mayor-adams-appoints-anthony-miranda-new-york-city-sheriff . November 17, 2022 . New York . . May 3, 2022.
  10. 826230894998478848. NYCSHERIFF. Good work by Deputy Sheriffs Mesa,.... January 31, 2017.
  11. Web site: Home . https://web.archive.org/web/20221011233332/https://nycsheriffspba.org/ . 2022-10-11 . 2023-02-03 . New York City Deputy Sheriffs’ Association.
  12. Web site: Evictions . NYC Department of Finance .
  13. Web site: sheriff-arrest-warrants. NYC Department of Finance .
  14. Web site: sheriff-collecting-judgments. NYC Department of Finance .
  15. Web site: Collecting Judgments & Orders of Seizure. NYC Department of Finance .
  16. Web site: Serving Process. NYC Department of Finance .
  17. Web site: contact-us-by-visit In-Person. NYC Department of Finance .
  18. Web site: sheriff-tax-evasion-deed-fraud. NYC Department of Finance .
  19. New York City Police Officer Indicted for Stealing Townhouse; Allegedly Transferred Title to Bedford-Stuyvesant Property to Herself . October 19, 2015 . . https://web.archive.org/web/20151208070349/http://www.brooklynda.org/2015/10/19/new-york-city-police-officer-indicted-for-stealing-townhouse-allegedly-transferred-title-to-bedford-stuyvesant-property-to-herself/ . December 8, 2015 . November 27, 2015.
  20. Long Island Men Charged In Connection With Stealing Nine Homes From Owners by Illegally Transferring Titles, Filing False Documents . December 8, 2015 . November 27, 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20151208045432/http://www.brooklynda.org/2015/09/10/long-island-men-charged-in-connection-with-stealing-nine-homes-from-owners-by-illegally-transferring-titles-filing-false-documents/ . May 13, 2015 . Kings County District Attorney's Office.
  21. Web site: Manhattan U.S. Attorney Announces Major Law Enforcement Action Taken Against Synthetic Cannabinoid Manufacturers And Distributors, Including Criminal Charges Against Ten Members Of An International Trafficking Organization. 16 September 2015 . U.S. Department of Justice .
  22. Web site: Sheriff / Court & Trust Funds. NYC Department of Finance .
  23. 943893500889845760. NYCSHERIFF. Many are unaware @NYCSHERIFF has Special Officers as part.... 2017-12-21. 2020-06-18.
  24. Web site: New York City Sheriff's Office, NY . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20080415140308/http://www.odmp.org/agency/2759-new-york-city-sheriffs-office-new-york . April 15, 2008 . The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP).
  25. News: Sheriff Choices Upheld. Court Rules Against Seekers After New City Jobs . . June 19, 1942 .
  26. News: Harris . Elizabeth A. . City Sheriff Is Named (You Read That Right) . . December 7, 2010 . 2016-02-01 .
  27. Encyclopedia: John Teunis Bergen . 2016-01-29 . .
  28. News: Col. L. R. Stegman Dies in Brooklyn. Once Sheriff of Kings County, Civil War Veteran and Journalist was 84 . . October 8, 1923 . 2010-11-30 .
  29. Web site: Charged With Stealing. Indictment And Arrest Of Ex-Sheriff Stegman, Of Kings County. 2015-12-22. The New York Times. May 13, 1886.
  30. News: Ex-Sheriff Creamer Dies . . July 20, 1913 .
  31. News: Guden "Morally Unfit". Gov. Odell's Stated Reason for Removing Kings County Sheriff. Col. N. S. Dike Succeeds Him. His Own Testimony, Says the Official Decision, Proved Him Incapable and Unqualified for a Public Trust . . March 8, 1902 . 2016-01-29 .
  32. News: Norman Dike Dies. On Bench 25 Years. Former State Supreme Court Justice, Had Been Kings County Judge, Sheriff . . April 16, 1953 .
  33. News: 2 January 1903. Sheriff Melody Assumes Office. 12. The Daily Standard Union.
  34. News: Crowley Wentworth Dies From Injuries. Body of Former Attorney in U.S. Department of Justice Sent to Washington After Services Here . . January 12, 1928 .
  35. Encyclopedia: Charles Blakeslee Law. 2016-01-29 . .
  36. News: Ed Riegelmann, Ex-Justice. Former Borough President of Brooklyn Served in Supreme Court for 14 Years. Reached Age Limit in '39. One-Time Kings County Sheriff, Who Began as Messenger. Had Practiced Law Here . . January 16, 1941 .
  37. Encyclopedia: Daniel Joseph Griffin. 2016-01-29 . .
  38. News: 29 October 1988. J. V. Mangano, 83, Brooklyn Politician, Dies. CXXXVIII. 12. The New York Times. 47673.
  39. News: Two Wives Share in Estate. One Is Widow of Sheriff Stier, the Other Her Sister, Whom He Divorced . . October 29, 1916 .
  40. Encyclopedia: Peter Hercules Wendover . 2016-01-29 . .
  41. News: Death Of Ex-Coroner Rollins. He Is Found Dead In His Bed At The Union-place Hotel. A Sketch Of His Career . . December 5, 1878 . 2015-07-03 .
  42. News: Tweed's Arch Foe, James O'Brien, Dead. Long Conspicuous in Politics and in Daring Wall Street Speculations. He Once Ran For Mayor. Was Sheriff, Alderman, and State Senator, and Fought Tammany Hall for Years . . March 6, 1907 . 2016-02-06 .
  43. Encyclopedia: James O'Brien . 2016-01-29 . .
  44. News: New Public Officers. Sheriff Bowe And County Clerk Butler Take Possession Of Their Offices . . January 2, 1880 . 2016-02-04 .
  45. News: Death Of Peter Bowe. Harlem Politician Who Was Elected Sheriff on the Irving Hall Ticket. Major of Tammany Regiment . . March 3, 1903 .
  46. News: Barney Martin, Old Tammany Man, Dies . . August 11, 1914 .
  47. News: Tamsen Enters His Denial. The Sheriff Says Charges Against Him Are Founded in Malice . . May 12, 1896 .
  48. News: Nicholas J. Hayes Dies Suddenly. Commissioner Of Water Supply Is Stricken With Heart Disease In His Home. Once a Power In Tammany. Served as Sheriff And as Head Of Fire Department. Was Friend Of Late C. F. Murphy . . January 3, 1928 . 2010-03-25 .
  49. News: Sheriff Foley Tries The Big Jail Key . . January 2, 1908 .
  50. News: Julius Harburger Dies Suddenly. Ex-Sheriff and ex-Congressman Succumbs at Home from Congestion of Lungs. Political Speaker at 18. Energetic Official Noted for His Flights of Oratory. His Deputies from All Ranks of Life . . November 10, 1914 . 2009-08-10 .
  51. News: Alfred E. Smith Dies Here at 70. 4 Times Governor . . October 4, 1944 . 2016-01-31 .
  52. Encyclopedia: Peter Joseph Dooling . 2016-01-29 . .
  53. Encyclopedia: James George Donovan . 2016-01-29 . .
  54. News: Elected in 1939 for 3-Year Term, W.J. Dempsey Says He Still Has 'Year to Go' . . January 1, 1942 .
  55. News: Sheriff Turns Over Office . . January 4, 1942 .
  56. News: J.F. O'BRIEN DEAD; A BRONX OFFICIAL; Had Been Deputy Commissioner of Records for the County Since 1918. WAS ITS FIRST SHERIFF Began Career as Store Clerk-- Became General Superintendent of Large Clothing Firm. . 23 September 2018 . . 15 April 1929 . en.
  57. Web site: Kestenbaum . Lawrence . The Political Graveyard: Index to Politicians: Donnelly . politicalgraveyard.com . 23 September 2018.
  58. News: 7 Nov 1917, Page 3 - The Sun at Newspapers.com . 23 September 2018 . Newspapers.com . New York Sun . November 7, 1917 . 3 . en.
  59. News: SHERIFF DONNELLY RESIGNS; Governor Names Thomas H. O'Neill to Succeed Bronx Official. . 23 September 2018 . . 31 December 1920 . en.
  60. Web site: What's in a Name - New York City Housing Authority . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110520141818/http://www.ci.nyc.ny.us/html/nycha/html/about/nycha70_name.shtml . 2011-05-20 .
  61. Book: Fitzpatrick, Benedict. The Bronx and its People, a History, 1609-1927. The Lewis Historical Publishing Co., Inc.. 1927. Wells. James L.. James L. Wells. III. New York, N.Y.. 111–112. Haffen. Louis F.. Louis F. Haffen. Briggs. Josiah A.. Internet Archive.