London Underground 2024 Stock Explained

London Underground 2024 Stock
Service:Planned for 2025
Manufacturer:Siemens Mobility
Factory:
  • Goole, United Kingdom
  • Vienna, Austria
Family:Inspiro
Replaced:1973 Stock
Yearconstruction:2022–present
Formation:9 cars per train[1]
Capacity:1,076 per train (268 seated)
Lines:Piccadilly
Trainlength:113.7frac=16NaNfrac=16
Width:2.648frac=16NaNfrac=16
Height:2.844frac=16NaNfrac=16
Maxspeed:100km/h
Poweroutput:2.5MW
Electricsystem:Fourth rail, 630 or 750 V DC
Collectionmethod:Contact shoe
Bogies:Siemens Mobility SF1800[2]
Stocktype:Deep-level tube

The London Underground 2024 Stock, known as the New Tube for London (NTfL) during development, is a London Underground train being built by Siemens Mobility at its facilities in Goole, United Kingdom and Vienna, Austria. It is part of the Siemens Inspiro family of metro and rapid-transport trains.[3]

An initial batch of 94 nine-car trains has been ordered at a cost of £1.5billion to replace 1973 Stock trains on the Piccadilly line, with options for a total of 250 trains allowing replacement of all existing trains on the deep-level Central, Waterloo & City and Bakerloo lines. Planned starting date for the service is 2025, first on the Piccadilly line.[4] [5] [6] The trains will enter service with a train driver, with future potential for driverless operation.[7]

History

Background

In the late 1990s, the Labour government initiated a public–private partnership (PPP) to reverse years of underinvestment in London Underground.[8] Under the PPP contracts, two private consortiums (Metronet and Tube Lines) would maintain, renew and upgrade London Underground infrastructure over a period of 30 years from 2003.[9] As part of the upgrade work, new rolling stock was to be ordered.[10] [11]

Tube Lines planned to order 93 new Piccadilly line trains, which would enter service by 2014. In January 2007, Tube Lines started the process of ordering new Piccadilly line trains, by querying if train manufacturers would be interested in supplying them.[12] Contract award was anticipated for 2008, with trains to enter service on the Piccadilly line in 2014. Following the delivery of 2009 Stock and S Stock trains in the 2010s, Metronet planned to order 24 new Bakerloo line trains, which would enter service by 2019.

However, Metronet was placed in administration in 2007 after cost overruns,[13] and Transport for London (TfL) bought out the Tube Lines consortium in 2010, formally ending the PPP.[14]

Feasibility and initial planning

Following the collapse of the PPPs, TfL began planning the modernisation of Underground lines not started by the PPP. This project would include the eventual replacement of trains, new signalling and other upgrades to the Piccadilly, Central, Waterloo & City and Bakerloo lines.[15] This would complete the modernisation of Underground lines started with the formation of TfL in 2000.[16]

In 2017 TfL said that existing trains on the Bakerloo and Piccadilly lines were approaching the end of their useful lives, and the 1992 Stock used on the Central and Waterloo & City lines was significantly less reliable than more modern rolling stock.[17]

Replacement of these older trains with open gangway rolling stock – similar to the S Stock used on the Underground's subsurface lines – would increase passenger capacity, with new automatic signalling increasing capacity further. Although the use of open gangways was considered in the late 1990s,[18] the Bombardier 2009 Stock did not have open gangways. New trains would also have air conditioning, which earlier deep-level trains lacked.

In 2011, Siemens presented "EVO" – a conceptual articulated train with walk-through cars, that would be 30tonnes lighter, consume 17 per cent less energy and have 11 per cent more passenger capacity than existing trains.[19] [20] [21] A mock-up of the Siemens Inspiro design was exhibited at The Crystal between October 2013 and January 2014. Siemens also proposed building the new train in the UK, after being criticised for building the Class 700 Thameslink trains in Germany.[22]

Potential of driverless operation

New trains would have the potential to operate automatically without a driver, which would save operating costs and prevent disruption during strikes.[23] This unattended train operation would require the installation of platform screen doors, a substantial additional cost. The ASLEF and RMT trade unions that represent drivers strongly oppose the introduction of driverless trains, saying it would affect safety.[24] [25]

In 2020, a leaked TfL study found that the upgrade work required for totally unattended train operation – platform screen doors at stations and a safety walkway in tunnels[26] – would cost around £7billion, concluding that "the financial payback is negative". The study also indicated that automatically driven trains with a member of staff present on board (similar to the Docklands Light Railway) offered "reasonable value for money."[27] However, the Department for Transport pushed for the introduction of driverless trains as a precondition of any future long-term funding deal for TfL.[28]

New Tube for London

In early 2014, the project was named New Tube for London (NTfL) and moved from a feasibility stage to the design and specification stage. A TfL feasibility study showed that new generation trains and re-signalling could increase capacity:

Notes
Piccadilly60%36
Central25%36
Waterloo & City50%30Requires track remodelling at
Bakerloo25%27
Overall, the project is estimated to cost a total of £16billion, with a benefit/cost ratio of 4.2 to 1.[29] The Piccadilly line would be the first to be upgraded, given the age of its rolling stock.[30] Other lines would then be upgraded over a period of around 10 years.

Bidding process

In early 2014, TfL invited train manufacturers to make expressions of interest in the Official Journal of the European Union.[31] [32] TfL also commissioned industrial designers PriestmanGoode to produce a conceptual design to be used by the train manufacturers.[33] [34] Unveiled in October 2014 to high acclaim,[35] the design included several features not seen before on the deep level tube, including walk-through carriages and air conditioning.[36] [37]

In late 2014, TfL published a shortlist of manufacturers who had expressed an interest in supplying new trains – Alstom, Siemens, Hitachi, CAF and Bombardier. The invitation to tender for the trains was issued in January 2016. It was planned to award the contract in 2016, with trains entering service in 2023. During the tender period, Bombardier and Hitachi formed a joint venture (JV), and CAF chose not to submit a bid. Three bids (Alstom, Siemens, Hitachi/Bombardier JV) were submitted in September 2016. All bidders proposed to build the trains in existing or new UK factories.[38]

Contract award and future contract options

Since TfL could not afford 250 new trains and upgraded signalling, it decided to buy only 94 trains, for the Piccadilly line, and relegate future train purchases to contract options.[39] [40] In 2019, TfL raised £1billion to buy the Piccadilly line trains by selling and leasing back Class 345 Elizabeth line trains.[41]

In total, 250 trains could be ordered throughout the lifetime of the Deep Tube Upgrade Programme, comprising 100 trains for the Piccadilly line, 40 for the Bakerloo line, 100 for the Central line and 10 for the Waterloo & City line. Future trains would be adapted to meet the requirements of lines, with the potential of active steering of bogies, and different numbers of cars per trainset as required.[42]

In 2023, the Railway Industry Association requested that a decision to order Bakerloo line trains should be made as soon as possible, given the age of the 1972 Stock trains and to provide continuous work for the Goole factory.[43] TfL's financial issues following the COVID-19 pandemic means that the order has not been made, with Mayor Sadiq Khan requesting investment from Government.[44]

Siemens 'InspiroLondon'

In June 2018, the Siemens Mobility Inspiro design was selected, with 94 trains ordered in a £1.5billion contract.[45] In July 2018, the award was challenged, unsuccessfully, in the High Court by the Hitachi/Bombardier JV;[46] Siemens was awarded the contract in November 2018.[47]

TfL said that the trains would be designed and built by Siemens Mobility at its planned £200m new factory in Goole, East Yorkshire,[48] and later that 50 per cent of the trains would be built at an existing Siemens factory in Vienna, Austria, while the Goole factory was constructed. In July 2020, Prime Minister Boris Johnson visited the Goole site to mark the start of construction of the factory.[49] [50] Manufacturing of the trains in Austria started in August 2021.[51] In January 2024, Siemens announced that the majority of the new trains, would be manufactured in Goole, 80% rather than half as initially planned.[52]

Despite the lack of resignalling,[53] the purchase of new trains will still increase the capacity of the Piccadilly line, with 27 trains per hour at peak times by 2027. Trains will enter service with a human operator on board. However, resignalling of the line could permit driverless operation in future.

Features of the new train include:[54] [55] [56]

The trains are 7m (23feet) longer than existing Piccadilly line trains, and are composed of nine cars instead of six. The new trains consist of two driver-motor cars on each end, a key motor car in the centre, and four shorter intermediate cars with bogies placed between each motor car. This design means that the train only has ten bogies instead of the twelve on a 1973 Stock train, giving space underneath the train to install equipment such as air conditioning. Siemens said the design was inspired by articulated trams.[57]

Delivery

Initially, deliveries were to begin in 2023, with entry into service in 2024.[58] By March 2021, the delivery schedule had slipped: the trains were then expected to enter service on the Piccadilly line in 2025, followed by improvements to stations and service levels in 2027., testing in London will begin in summer 2024, with entry into service in 2025.[59]

Testing of the first train commenced at the Siemens Wegberg-Wildenrath Test and Validation Centre in Germany in mid-2023.[60]

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Inspiro London: 94 nine-car metro trains for the Piccadilly line . March 2021 . Siemens Mobility . 30 October 2021.
  2. Web site: MoComp Bogies . Siemens Mobility.
  3. News: Lydall . Ross . 4 March 2021 . First look: TfL unveils design of new Piccadilly line trains . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210304221708/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/design-new-piccadilly-line-trains-unveiled-tfl-b922086.html . 4 March 2021 . 4 March 2021 . Evening Standard . London.
  4. News: 4 March 2021 . Piccadilly Line: Plans for new 'walk-through' trains unveiled . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210304133822/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-56273283 . 4 March 2021 . 5 March 2021 . BBC News.
  5. TfL and Siemens Mobility unveil detailed design of new Piccadilly line trains . 4 March 2021 . . 5 March 2021 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210304135208/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2021/march/tfl-and-siemens-mobility-unveil-detailed-design-of-new-piccadilly-line-trains . 4 March 2021.
  6. Siemens Mobility Limited to be awarded TfL contract to design and manufacture a new generation of Tube trains . 15 June 2018 . Transport for London . 16 June 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200119104141/https://tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2018/june/siemens-mobility-limited-to-be-awarded-tfl-contract-to-design-and-manufacture-a-new-generation-of-tube-trains . 19 January 2020.
  7. News: Beard . Matthew . 9 October 2014 . Revealed: Inside the new 'driverless' Tube trains to be phased in on London Underground from 2022 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210923120534/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/transport/living-room-comfort-inside-new-trains-unveiled-ps16bn-tube-upgrade-9783911.html . 23 September 2021 . 5 March 2021 . Evening Standard . London . A driver's cab will be incorporated into the initial roll-out but the train design makes it possible for these to be removed, creating London's first driverless Tube train, though probably not until 2030..
  8. News: 16 December 2000 . New blow to Tube sell-off plan . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201202040214/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/politics/1072193.stm . 2 December 2020 . 7 March 2021 . BBC News.
  9. News: 4 April 2003 . Final stamp on Tube PPP deal . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210820131134/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/2917859.stm . 20 August 2021 . 7 March 2021 . BBC News.
  10. Web site: 2005 . Metronet Brochure 2005 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20061031091812/http://www.metronetrail.com/webfiles/Publications/Brochure%202005.pdf . 31 October 2006 . 7 March 2021 . Metronet (British infrastructure company).
  11. Details of Tube modernisation plans unveiled . 8 January 2003 . Tube Lines . 8 March 2021 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20060519094016/http://www.tubelines.com/news/releases/200602/20030108.aspx . 19 May 2006.
  12. Tube Lines invites expressions of interest from manufacturers for new Piccadilly line trains . 15 January 2007 . Tube Lines . 16 June 2022 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090224092920/http://www.tubelines.com/news/releases/200701/20070115.aspx . 24 February 2009.
  13. News: 18 July 2007 . Metronet calls in administrators . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210301093920/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/6903977.stm . 1 March 2021 . 7 March 2021 . BBC News.
  14. News: 8 May 2010 . Tube maintenance back 'in house' as new deal is signed . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20150418155150/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/8669823.stm . 18 April 2015 . 9 May 2010 . BBC News.
  15. Web site: October 2014 . New Tube for London - Feasibility Report . https://web.archive.org/web/20220325023510/https://content.tfl.gov.uk/ntfl-feasibility-report.pdf . 25 March 2022 . Transport for London.
  16. Web site: 16 May 2018 . Deep Tube Upgrade Programme – Piccadilly line Upgrade Stage 1: Rolling stock replacement . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210513093000/https://content.tfl.gov.uk/pic-20180516-item08-deep-tube-update.pdf . 13 May 2021 . 5 March 2021 . Transport for London.
  17. Web site: Hawkins . John . January 2017 . LU Train reliability . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211026104230/https://www.lurs.org.uk/02%20nov%2017%20LU%20TRAIN%20RELIABILITY.pdf . 26 October 2021 . 5 March 2021.
  18. News: Hope . Richard . 1 August 1998 . Space Train to boost Tube capacity . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210615212441/https://www.railwaygazette.com/space-train-to-boost-tube-capacity/30120.article . 15 June 2021 . 5 March 2021 . Railway Gazette International . London.
  19. Web site: Siemens Inspiro London . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211019001213/https://www.atlanticdesign.uk.com/inspiro-london . 19 October 2021 . 5 March 2021 . Atlantic Design.
  20. News: Connor . Piers . January 2013 . Deep tube transformation . . 44–47.
  21. News: 20 June 2011 . Siemens unveils London Underground concept train . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20110624080149/http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/siemens-unveils-london-underground-concept-train.html . 24 June 2011 . 3 April 2014 . Railway Gazette International . London.
  22. News: 8 June 2016 . The Tube of the future? £1m per carriage Inspiro train concept is unveiled . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220325023549/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/the-tube-of-the-future-ps1m-per-carriage-inspiro-train-concept-is-unveiled-for-london-underground-8858546.html . 25 March 2022 . 5 March 2021 . Evening Standard . London . with a hint to the mayor that if he placed an order for one of the new trains for the Piccadilly, Bakerloo and Central lines it would be fulfilled in the UK. Siemens controversially manufactured the £1bn-plus Thameslink train order from the Government in its native Germany..
  23. Web site: 4 August 2022 . 'The future's driverless', says Transport Secretary as Tube deal drags on . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221103043945/https://www.itv.com/news/london/2022-08-04/the-futures-driverless-says-transport-secretary-as-tube-deal-drags-on . 3 November 2022 . 3 November 2022 . ITV News . en . London Underground trains won't need drivers in years to come meaning fewer frustrating strikes for commuters, according to the Transport Secretary..
  24. News: 28 February 2014 . Driverless Tube trains: Unions vow 'war' over plan . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140430092816/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-26381175 . 30 April 2014 . 3 April 2014 . BBC News.
  25. News: 16 February 2014 . Driverless trains 'not going to happen' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210525060704/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/uk-politics-26216489 . 25 May 2021 . 5 March 2021 . BBC News . en-GB.
  26. Web site: Bull . John . 1 June 2021 . The Political Myth of the Driverless Tube Train . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221103112805/https://www.londonreconnections.com/2021/the-political-myth-of-the-driverless-tube-train/ . 3 November 2022 . 3 November 2022 . London Reconnections . en-GB.
  27. News: 26 October 2020 . Driverless trains 'poor value' says leaked TfL study . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221103081021/https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-london-54691889 . 3 November 2022 . 3 November 2022 . BBC News . en-GB.
  28. Web site: Salisbury . Josh . 3 March 2022 . TfL 'told it must embrace driverless trains for funding deal' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20221103112803/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/london-tube-strike-tfl-driverless-trains-b985785.html . 3 November 2022 . 3 November 2022 . Evening Standard . London.
  29. Web site: 28 February 2014 . The 'New Tube for London' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210122121955/https://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/the-new-tube-for-london . 22 January 2021 . 5 March 2021 . www.railtechnologymagazine.com.
  30. Web site: 13 November 2014 . Rail and Underground Panel Item 6: New Tube for London . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210922120827/https://content.tfl.gov.uk/rup-20141113-part-1-item06-new-tube-for-london.pdf . 22 September 2021 . 5 March 2021 . Transport for London.
  31. Web site: 5 February 2014 . New Tube for London Programme . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072018/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/board-20140205-part-1-item10-new-tube-for-london.pdf . 7 April 2014 . 3 April 2014 . Board Minutes . Transport for London.
  32. News: 28 February 2014 . New Tube for London Programme . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20140310012844/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/urban/single-view/view/london-underground-starts-new-tube-for-london-train-procurement.html . 10 March 2014 . 3 April 2014 . Railway Gazette International.
  33. News: Acharya . Dipal . 23 October 2014 . Tunnel Vision: meet the team that are 'future-proofing' London's tubes . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210314173526/http://www.standard.co.uk/lifestyle/esmagazine/tunnel-vision-meet-the-team-that-are-futureproofing-london-s-tubes-9811920.html . 14 March 2021 . 5 March 2021 . Evening Standard . London.
  34. Web site: New Tube for London . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210227211211/https://www.priestmangoode.com/project/new-tube-london-2/ . 27 February 2021 . 5 March 2021 . PriestmanGoode.
  35. Web site: 9 October 2014 . Priestmangoode's driverless tube train designs for London Underground . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210123213830/https://www.dezeen.com/2014/10/09/priestmangoode-driverless-tube-trains-london-underground/ . 23 January 2021 . 6 March 2021 . Dezeen.
  36. Design for the 'New Tube for London' revealed . 9 October 2014 . TfL . 9 October 2014 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20141011215748/http://www.tfl.gov.uk/info-for/media/press-releases/2014/october/design-for-the-new-tube-for-london-revealed . 11 October 2014.
  37. News: 9 October 2014 . London Underground: Designs for Tube trains unveiled . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210620102851/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-29520761 . 20 June 2021 . 9 October 2014 . BBC News.
  38. News: 7 October 2016 . French train firm unveils plans for £20m plant in north-west England . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201108130628/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/oct/07/french-train-firm-unveils-plans-for-20m-plant-in-north-west-england . 8 November 2020 . 5 March 2021 . The Guardian . London.
  39. News: Harris . Simon . 3 January 2018 . Plan to sell part of Tube fleet branded 'quite mad' . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201109033204/https://www.itv.com/news/london/2018-01-03/plan-to-sell-part-of-london-underground-fleet-branded-quite-mad . 9 November 2020 . 6 March 2021 . ITV News.
  40. News: 21 November 2019 . Deep Tube Programme in doubt . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210515144424/https://www.keymodernrailways.com/article/deep-tube-programme-doubt . 15 May 2021 . 5 March 2021 . Modern Railways.
  41. News: 22 March 2019 . TfL awards controversial £1bn 'sale and leaseback' Crossrail fleet deal to Natwest-backed group . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20201107224621/https://www.cityam.com/tfl-awards-controversial-1bn-sale-and-leaseback-crossrail/ . 7 November 2020 . 5 March 2021 . City AM . London.
  42. News: Dobell . Malcolm . 25 June 2021 . Piccadilly Line trains: a journey from 1891 to 2025 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20211008143656/https://www.railengineer.co.uk/piccadilly-line-trains-a-journey-from-1891-to-2025/ . 8 October 2021 . 8 October 2021 . Rail Engineer.
  43. Web site: The UK Rolling Stock Industry Report 2023 - New Tab . 10 August 2023 . www.riagb.org.uk.
  44. Web site: Harris . Simon . 27 February 2023 . Bank Tube station's £700m upgrade could be London's 'last major engineering project' for a while . 10 August 2023 . ITV News . But future 'big ticket' schemes including new Bakerloo line trains ... because of Transport for London's funding problems..
  45. 15 June 2018 . Siemens to supply London Underground deep tube fleet . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180616103322/http://www.metro-report.com/news/news-by-region/europe/single-view/view/siemens-to-supply-london-underground-deep-tube-fleet.html . 16 June 2018 . 16 June 2018 . Metro Report International.
  46. 24 July 2018 . Bombardier and Hitachi file high court papers over London Underground contract . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180725033312/https://www.railjournal.com/index.php/metros/bombardier-and-hitachi-file-high-court-papers-over-london-underground-contract.html?channel=000 . 25 July 2018 . 24 July 2018 . International Railway Journal.
  47. 20 November 2018 . TfL and Siemens sign £1.5bn New Tube for London contract . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220325025042/https://www.railjournal.com/passenger/metros/1-5bn-new-tube-london-contract-signed/ . 25 March 2022 . 5 March 2021 . International Railway Journal.
  48. News: 15 June 2018 . East Yorkshire factory wins £1.5bn Tube train deal . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210510124359/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-humber-44496526 . 10 May 2021 . 15 June 2018 . BBC News.
  49. Prime Minister marks major milestone for Siemens Mobility's Goole rail facility . 6 July 2020 . Siemens Mobility . 6 March 2021 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200902062151/https://news.siemens.co.uk/news/prime-minister-marks-major-milestone-for-siemens-mobilitys-goole-rail-facility . 2 September 2020.
  50. News: Riley . Anna . Laister . David . 6 July 2020 . PM Boris Johnson hails Goole's train-building future on site visit . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210422224055/https://www.business-live.co.uk/manufacturing/pm-boris-johnson-goole-going-18550997 . 22 April 2021 . 6 March 2021 . Business Live.
  51. Web site: Hirani . Krupesh . Khan . Sadiq . 5 July 2021 . Piccadilly line upgrade . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210818101638/https://www.london.gov.uk/questions/2021/3171 . 18 August 2021 . 18 August 2021 . Mayor's Question Time.
  52. Web site: 2024-02-12 . Siemens' Goole factory to build more London Underground trains . 2024-02-12 . BBC News . en-GB.
  53. News: Mathewson . Jessie . 9 July 2020 . Piccadilly line upgrade on hold amid coronavirus pandemic . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200929151959/https://www.guardian-series.co.uk/news/18571616.piccadilly-line-upgrade-hold-amid-coronavirus-pandemic/ . 29 September 2020 . 5 March 2021 . East London and West Essex Guardian . Watford.
  54. News: 4 March 2021 . Piccadilly Line: Plans for new 'walk-through' trains unveiled . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210304113710/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-56273283 . 4 March 2021 . 4 March 2021 . BBC News.
  55. Web site: n.d. . Improving the Tube - What we're doing - Improving the trains . https://web.archive.org/web/20170208033431/https://www.tfl.gov.uk/campaign/tube-improvements/what-we-are-doing/improving-the-trains . 8 February 2017 . 5 March 2021 . Transport for London.
  56. Web site: Introducing the newest edition to the world's oldest metro system . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20220508051750/https://www.mobility.siemens.com/global/en/portfolio/references/metro-london.html . 8 May 2022 . 5 March 2021 . Siemens Mobility.
  57. I Rode The NEW Tube Train For London! . 21 November 2023 . Marshall . Geoff . Video interview with Dave Hooper, Siemens Director of Major Programmes . en-GB . Geoff Marshall . 8:38 . 21 January 2024.
  58. 20 November 2018 . Siemens signs £1·5bn London Underground train contract . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20200827161939/https://www.railwaygazette.com/47575.article . 27 August 2020 . 21 November 2018 . Metro Report International.
  59. Web site: 17 November 2023 . Piccadilly Line 2024 stock on test . 17 November 2023 . Modern Railways . en.
  60. Web site: 24 August 2023 . Piccadilly progress: 2024 stock reaches Wildenrath . 17 November 2023 . Modern Railways . en.

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