| Unit Pref: | Imperial |
| Settlement Type: | Township |
| Official Name: | New Boston Township |
| Image Map1: | Map of Illinois highlighting Mercer County.svg |
| Mapsize1: | 150px |
| Map Caption1: | Mercer County's location in Illinois |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | United States |
| Subdivision Type1: | State |
| Subdivision Name1: | Illinois |
| Subdivision Type2: | County |
| Subdivision Name2: | Mercer |
| Leader Title: | Supervisor |
| Established Title: | Established |
| Established Date: | November 8, 1853 |
| Area Total Sq Mi: | 53.72 |
| Area Land Sq Mi: | 50.66 |
| Area Water Sq Mi: | 3.06 |
| Area Water Percent: | 5.70 |
| Population As Of: | 2010 |
| Population Density Sq Mi: | 23.8 |
| Utc Offset: | -6 |
| Timezone Dst: | CDT |
| Utc Offset Dst: | -5 |
| Pop Est As Of: | 2016 |
| Pop Est Footnotes: | [1] |
| Population Est: | 1139 |
| Blank Name: | FIPS code |
| Blank Info: | 17-131-52233 |
New Boston Township is located in Mercer County, Illinois. As of the 2010 census, its population was 1,204 and it contained 603 housing units.[2]
According to the 2010 census, the township has a total area of, of which (or 94.30%) is land and (or 5.70%) is water.[2]