2020 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses explained

Election Name:2020 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses
Country:Nevada
Type:presidential
Ongoing:no
Previous Election:2016 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses
Previous Year:2016
Next Election:2024 Nevada Democratic presidential primary
Next Year:2024
Outgoing Members:NH
Election Date:February 22, 2020
Elected Members:SC
Votes For Election:49 delegates (36 pledged, 13 unpledged)
to the Democratic National Convention
The number of pledged delegates won is determined by the number of county convention delegates (CCDs)
1Blank:First vote
2Blank:Final vote
Party Name:no
Image1:File:Bernie Sanders March 2020 (cropped).jpg
Candidate1:Bernie Sanders
Color1:228b22
Home State1:Vermont
Delegate Count1:24
1Data1:35,652
(34.0%)
2Data1:41,075
(40.5%)
3Data1:6,788
(46.8%)
Candidate2:Joe Biden
Color2:224192
Home State2:Delaware
Delegate Count2:9
1Data2:18,424
(17.6%)
2Data2:19,179
(18.9%)
3Data2:2,927
(20.2%)
Image3:File:Pete Buttigieg by Gage Skidmore (cropped).jpg
Candidate3:Pete Buttigieg
Color3:f2ba42
Home State3:Indiana
Delegate Count3:3
1Data3:16,102
(15.4%)
2Data3:17,598
(17.3%)
3Data3:2,073
(14.3%)
Image4:File:Elizabeth Warren by Gage Skidmore (cropped).jpg
Candidate4:Elizabeth Warren
Color4:b61b28
Home State4:Massachusetts
Delegate Count4:0
1Data4:13,438
(12.8%)
2Data4:11,703
(11.5%)
3Data4:1,406
(9.7%)
Image5:File:Tom Steyer by Gage Skidmore (cropped).jpg
Candidate5:Tom Steyer
Color5:d2691e
Home State5:California
Delegate Count5:0
1Data5:9,503
(9.06%)
2Data5:4,120
(4.06%)
3Data5:682
(4.71%)
Image6:File:Amy Klobuchar by Gage Skidmore (cropped).jpg
Candidate6:Amy Klobuchar
Color6:43b3ae
Home State6:Minnesota
Delegate Count6:0
1Data6:10,100
(9.63%)
2Data6:7,376
(7.26%)
3Data6:603
(4.16%)
Map: style="text-align:left; margin:auto; width:300px;"
Pledged national
convention
delegates[1]
Type
CD15
CD26
CD36
CD46
5
At-large8
Total pledged delegates36
The 2020 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses took place on February 22, 2020, with early voting on February 14–18, and was the third nominating contest in the Democratic Party primaries for the 2020 presidential election, following the New Hampshire primary the week before. The Nevada caucuses were a closed caucus, meaning that only registered Democrats could vote in this caucus. The state awarded 49 delegates towards the national convention, of which 36 were pledged delegates allocated on the basis of the results of the caucuses.

Senator Bernie Sanders won the caucuses in a landslide,[2] with 46.8% of county convention delegates (CCDs) and 40.5% of the final popular vote alignment, with former vice president Joe Biden coming in second. Former mayor Pete Buttigieg[3] and senator Elizabeth Warren failed to cross the 15% threshold of county convention delegates (CCDs) required to earn statewide delegates. (Buttigieg did earn three delegates due to the fact that he received at least 15% of CCDs in at least one congressional district, despite falling short of the statewide threshold.)[4] This was the third presidential nominating contest in a row that Sanders topped the popular vote in, after the Iowa caucuses and the New Hampshire primary. Of the 104,883 votes, more than 70,000 were cast early with ranked choice voting ballots.[5]

Procedure

Caucus votes were initially slated to be counted on the Shadow app that caused significant problems during the counting of 2020 Iowa Democratic caucuses. As a consequence of those difficulties, the caucuses instead used Google Forms running on 2,000 iPads to send in results.[6] Some volunteers believed there was a lack of training on the iPads, which could result in malfunctions.[7] Early voting for the caucuses took place from February 15 to 18. In addition to Google Forms, early voters filled out a paper ballot that required them to rank candidates according to preference.[8] Early voting ballots were only counted if voters ranked at least three candidates, and were transmitted to voter's home precincts to be counted alongside election day votes.[9]

Precinct caucuses were held starting at 10:00 a.m. local time (PST), with voting starting at noon on February 22. In the closed caucuses, candidates had to meet a 15% viability threshold within an individual precinct in order to be considered viable and 15% at the congressional district or statewide level to win delegates, with supporters of non-viable candidates at precinct caucuses then allowed to support one of the remaining viable candidates. Of the 36 pledged delegates to the 2020 Democratic National Convention, 23 were allocated on the basis of the district results made up of the precinct caucuses, with between 5 and 6 allocated to each of the state's four congressional districts. In the same step the precinct caucuses also elected delegates to county conventions based on the results of the vote in each precinct. Of the remaining 13 pledged delegates, 5 were allocated to party leaders and elected officials (PLEO delegates) in addition to 8 at-large delegates, and these were distributed proportionally based on the number of county delegates for presidential contenders.[10]

The county conventions were planned for April 18, 2020, to choose delegates for the state convention. On May 30, 2020, the state convention met to vote on the 36 pledged delegates for the Democratic National Convention. The delegation also included 13 unpledged PLEO delegates: 6 members of the Democratic National Committee, 5 members of Congress (both senators and 3 representatives), the governor Steve Sisolak, and former Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid. This meant that presumptive nominee Joe Biden together with the delegates he received from Buttigieg was able to get 25 votes on the national convention, one more than Sanders' 24.[11]

On March 20, 2019, the Nevada Democratic Party had released its 2020 delegate selection plan, introducing four days for early voting from February 15 to 18, 2020, and, like the Iowa caucuses, "virtual caucuses" on February 16 and 17 to allow those unable to physically attend to vote in addition to releasing raw vote totals. In both cases, caucusgoers' ranked presidential preferences would be sent to their precinct and counted on the day of the physical caucus, but in late August 2019, the Democratic National Committee ordered both the Iowa and Nevada Democratic state parties to scrap their plans for "virtual caucuses" because of security concerns.[12] After county conventions following the previous caucuses had left open the risk of a candidate winning a majority of delegates at the state conventions despite trailing among district delegates, even all unpledged delegates had to be allocated on the basis of the results of the precinct caucuses on February 22.[13]

Candidates

In order to get on the "caucus preference card" (ballot), candidates had to file with the State committee and pay a $2,500 fee by New Year's Day 2020. The following candidates qualified:[14]

Cory Booker, John Delaney and Marianne Williamson were accepted onto the ballot, but withdrew soon enough that they did not appear on it.[14] [15] Although Delaney had not been on the ballot, he received one vote in the first caucus alignment. There was also an uncommitted option on the ballot.[15]

Campaign

Twenty-three candidates visited the state during 2019. The largest event of that year was the November 17 "First in the West" "cattle call", which was attended by fourteen candidates.[16]

For a second caucus in a row, the Culinary Workers Union declined to endorse a candidate.[17] This came after it circulated a flyer among members criticizing Sanders and Warren's support for single-payer healthcare, which it argued would leave members with worse benefits.[18] The Las Vegas Sun endorsed both Klobuchar and Biden, saying that they think nominating Sanders "guarantees a Trump second term."[19]

The following was spent on television advertising:[20]

Even though the Republican caucus had been canceled, President Trump held several campaign events in Nevada.[21] [22]

February 14–18 primary

With encouragement from the remaining campaigns, the five-day early voting began on February 14. Hundreds of polling places were open throughout the state, with candidate events taking place near to them.[23] [24] Turnout was large, with close to 12,000 showing up the first day[25] and greater numbers over the weekend, February 15–16. It was estimated that up to 60% of all participants would vote early[26] and 77,000 voters took the opportunity to do so.[27] As approximately 84,000 voters voted in the caucus in 2016, and approximately 110,000 voters voted in 2008, this put the trajectory for voter turn out in the 2020 caucus above 2016 and near 2008.[28]

Early voters who did not fill out at least a first-choice, second-choice and third-choice ballot oval would not have their votes counted, creating concerns of lost votes, but this rule ultimately affected few voters.[29] [30]

February 19–22 caucus

With the early voting phase over, the ninth official debate between the candidates on the ballot took place on February 19.[31] Steyer, who was in double digits in several polls in Nevada, did not qualify for the debate,[32] while Michael Bloomberg, who was not on the ballot, did.[33]

The doors opened for the caucus at 9 AM PST and the caucus itself an hour later. There was controversy about the NDAs that the people working at the caucuses were made to sign.[34] Nevada State Democratic Party Chairman William McCurdy stated that signing the non-disclosure agreements was voluntary, but this was disputed. Several people quit rather than doing so.[35]

Polling

Polling aggregation
Source of poll aggregationDate
updated
Dates
polled
Bernie
Sanders
Joe
Biden
Pete
Buttigieg
Elizabeth
Warren
Tom
Steyer
Amy
Klobuchar
OthersUndecided
270 to Win[36] Feb 21, 2020Feb 14–21, 202030.0%16.7%14.0%13.7%9.7%9.7%1.3%4.9%
RealClear Politics[37] Feb 21, 2020Feb 19–21, 202032.5%16.0%16.0%14.0%9.0%9.5%2.0%1.0%
FiveThirtyEight[38] Feb 21, 2020until Feb 21, 202030.5%14.4%15.3%11.8%10.2%8.9%11.0%
Average31.0%15.7%15.1%13.2%9.6%9.4%4.7%2.0%
Nevada caucus results, first alignment (February 22, 2020)34.0%17.6%15.4%12.8%9.1%9.6%1.5%
Tabulation of individual polls of the 2020 Nevada Democratic Caucus
Poll sourceDate(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
Joe
Biden
Cory
Booker
Pete
Buttigieg
Kamala
Harris
Amy
Klobuchar
Beto
O'Rourke
Bernie
Sanders
Tom
Steyer
Elizabeth
Warren
Andrew
Yang
OtherUndecided
Nevada caucuses (first alignment vote)Feb 22, 202017.6%15.4%9.6%34%9.1%12.8%0.6%1%
Data for Progress[39] https://www.dataforprogress.org/memos/nevada-caucus-pollFeb 19–21, 20201010 (LV)± 2.8%16%15%8%35%8%16%2%
AtlasIntel[40] Feb 19–21, 2020517 (LV)± 4.0%11%14%5%38%11%9%7%5%
Emerson College[41] Feb 19–20, 2020425 (LV)± 4.7%16%17%11%30%10%12%4%
Feb 15–18, 2020Early voting occurred in the Nevada caucuses[42]
Point Blank Political[43] Feb 13–15, 2020256 (LV)± 5.6%14.3%12.6%15.6%13%18.6%7.1%1.7%17.1%
Beacon Research/Tom Steyer[44] Feb 12–15, 2020600 (LV)19%13%7%24%18%10%4%6%
Data for Progress[45] https://www.dataforprogress.org/memos/sanders-has-strong-lead-in-nevadaFeb 12–15, 2020766 (LV)± 3.4%14%15%9%35%10%16%2%
WPA Intelligence/Las Vegas Review-Journal/AARP Nevada[46] Feb 11–13, 2020413 (LV)± 4.8%18%10%10%25%11%13%5%8%
Feb 11, 2020New Hampshire primary
Yang withdraws from the race after close of polls
Jan 13, 2020Booker withdraws from the race
Suffolk University/USA Today[47] https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2020/01/14/biden-sanders-faceoff-looms-iowa-nevada-races-narrows-democratic-debate/4453553002/Jan 8–11, 2020500 (LV)± 4.4%19%2%8%4%18%8%11%4%4%22%
https://www.yang2020.com/wp-content/uploads/Myers-Research-Nevada.pdf Jan 5–8, 2020635± 4.0%23%3%6%2%17%12%12%4%13%6%
Dec 3, 2019Harris withdraws from the race
YouGov/CBS News[48] Nov 6–13, 2019708 (RV)± 4.7%33%2%9%4%2%23%2%21%1%2%
Fox News[49] Nov 10–13, 2019627± 4.0%24%1%8%4%2%18%5%18%3%4%10%
Emerson Polling[50] Oct 31 – Nov 2, 2019451 (LV)± 4.6%30%1%5%5%1%19%3%22%5%10%
Mellman Group/The Nevada Independent[51] Oct 28 – Nov 2, 2019600 (LV)± 4.0%29%1%7%3%3%0%19%4%19%3%3%9%
Nov 1, 2019O'Rourke withdraws from the race
CNN/SSRS[52] Sep 22–26, 2019324 (LV)± 7.1%22%2%4%5%1%0%22%4%18%3%3%13%
Suffolk University/USA Today[53] Sep 19–23, 2019500 (LV)23%2%3%4%0%1%14%3%19%3%4%21%
YouGov/CBS News[54] 563 (LV)± 4.9%27%1%4%6%0%3%29%2%18%1%9%
Gravis Marketing[55] Aug 14–16, 2019382 (RV)± 5.0%25%3%5%9%2%0%10%6%15%2%13%9%
Change Research[56] Aug 2–8, 2019439 (LV)± 4.7%26%0%7%10%1%2%22%3%23%1%5%
Morning Consult[57] Jul 1–21, 2019749 (RV)± 4.0%29%3%6%11%1%3%23%1%12%3%10%
Jul 9, 2019Steyer announces his candidacy
Monmouth University[58] Jun 6–11, 2019370 (LV)± 5.1%36%2%7%6%1%2%13%19%2%3%8%
Change Research[59] May 9–12, 2019389 (LV)29%2%13%11%1%4%24%12%1%4%
Apr 25, 2019Biden announces his candidacy
Apr 14, 2019Buttigieg announces his candidacy
Emerson College[60] Mar 28–30, 2019310 (LV)± 5.5%26%2%5%9%2%10%23%10%3%9%

Results

Bernie Sanders won the Nevada caucuses, with Joe Biden coming in second and Pete Buttigieg in third.

2020 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses[61] [62] [63] [64] ! rowspan=2
CandidateFirst
alignment
Final
alignment
County
convention
delegates
Pledged
national
convention

delegates
Votes %Votes %Number %
35,65233.9941,07540.456,78846.8424
18,42417.5719,17918.892,92720.209
16,10215.3517,59817.332,07314.313
13,43812.8111,70311.531,4069.70rowspan="9"
9,5039.064,1204.066824.71
10,1009.637,3767.266034.16
3530.34320.0340.03
(withdrawn)6120.58490.0510.01
(withdrawn)1400.13360.0400.00
(withdrawn)860.0880.0100.00
(withdrawn; not on the ballot)10.0000.0000.00
Uncommitted4720.453670.3670.05
Totals104,883100%101,543100%14,491100%36

Delay

Similarly to the Iowa caucus, there were some controversies surrounding the outcome of the caucus. One day after voting, with forty percent of the precincts not reported, Pete Buttigieg questioned the results citing more than "200 reports of problems merging the early votes".[65] [66] Full set of results were published two days after the caucus.[67]

Reports of "confusion, calculation glitches and delays in reporting" emerged once again, bringing into question the future of caucuses,[68] with former Nevada Senator Harry Reid calling for Nevada to switch to a primary system.[69]

Analysis

Participation in the 2020 caucuses (105,195 initial alignment votes in the official count)[70] was 25% higher compared to the approximately 84,000 people who participated in the 2016 caucuses, but 4% less compared to the approximately 110,000 voters who participated in the 2008 caucuses.[28]

Entrance polls by CNN indicated that Sanders won nearly every gender, race, age, and education demographic group, except for African-Americans and voters over 65, where Biden won 38–28 and 29–12 respectively. He performed extremely well among younger voters, capturing 65% of voters in the 17–29 demographic and 56% of voters under 45 overall, showcasing his overwhelming strength with the youth vote. In terms of ideological preference, Sanders won handily among voters who identified as liberal (50%) and somewhat liberal (29%), whereas Biden won over moderate voters (25%). Sanders also won the state's population center of Clark County, which constituted 70% of all caucusgoers, with 49% of the vote.[71] In a break with Culinary Workers Union leadership who had previously come out against Sanders's Medicare for All plan, Sanders won several caucus precincts along the Las Vegas Strip, home to many hotel and casino workers who are members of the union.[72]

Sanders's landslide victory has been attributed in part to his intentional outreach to Latino communities coordinated by staff member Chuck Rocha, resulting in winning 53% of Latino voters,[73] who make up about 30% of Nevada's population.[74] Under Rocha's direction, the Sanders campaign focused heavily on mobilizing Latino voters, a historically low-turnout demographic group, by hiring 76 Latino staffers and spending over $3 million on Spanish-language advertising specifically crafted to cater to Latino issues in Nevada.[75]

Sanders's substantial margin of victory in Nevada, the first early state with a diverse electorate, helped ease concerns that his campaign had limited appeal among voters of color, as was the case in 2016. These concerns would arise again for Sanders when Joe Biden went on to win South Carolina, a state where 60% of the Democratic electorate is African-American, by a large margin.[76]

For Biden, his distant second-place finish in Nevada helped allay fears of a faltering campaign after two underwhelming results in Iowa and New Hampshire. With South Carolina being the next state to hold a primary, it would be this state that would make or break his campaign – or one that would cement Bernie Sanders' status as a frontrunner.[77]

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: LIVE RESULTS: Bernie Sanders wins the Nevada caucus, a critical victory fuelling a striking delegate advantage . February 23, 2010 . Business Insider Australia . February 23, 2020 . en.
  2. News: Scott. Dylan. 3 winners and 2 losers from the Nevada caucuses. May 24, 2020 . Vox. February 22, 2020.
  3. Web site: Sanders Projected to Win 24 of 36 Delegates in Nevada as Vote Count Nears Completion. 2020-02-24. 270towin. 2023-11-20.
  4. Web site: Bernie Sanders just won the Nevada caucuses. Nilsen. Ella. 2020-02-22. Vox. 2020-02-23. mdy-all.
  5. Web site: 33K vote on final day of early voting for Democratic caucus. Appleton. Rory. 2020-02-19. Las Vegas Review Journal. 2020-05-24. mdy-all.
  6. Web site: Nevada Democrats to use iPads loaded with Google Forms to track caucuses. Cnet. Musil. Steven. February 13, 2020.
  7. News: Barrón-López. Laura. 'A complete disaster': Fears grow over potential Nevada caucus malfunction. February 16, 2020 . Politico. February 16, 2020.
  8. News: Jessie . Faith . Nevada Caucus early voting begins Saturday, will use paper ballots . February 15, 2020 . 3 News Las Vegas . February 14, 2020.
  9. News: Scott. Dylan. 3 winners and 2 losers from the Nevada caucuses. May 24, 2020 . Vox. February 22, 2020.
  10. Web site: Nevada Democratic Delegation 2020. The Green Papers. March 31, 2019. April 12, 2019.
  11. News: 2020 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions Nevada Democrat. The Green Papers. 30 May 2020. 19 November 2020.
  12. Web site: DNC throws Iowa, Nevada caucuses into confusion. Korecki. Natasha. August 31, 2019. Politico.
  13. News: Messerly. Megan. After bitter 2016 cycle, Nevada Democrats overhaul caucus process to build a bigger tent. The Nevada Independent. March 19, 2019. April 12, 2019.
  14. NV DEMS ANNOUNCE CANDIDATES TO APPEAR ON 2020 FIRST IN THE WEST CAUCUS PREFERENCE CARD. Nevada Democratic Party. January 2, 2020.
  15. Web site: Nevada Caucuses Ballot . Twitter.
  16. Web site: National Democrats make their pitches at Nevada party dinner. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Appleton. Rory. November 18, 2019.
  17. News: Nevada's powerful Culinary Union won't endorse in Democratic presidential race. Bradner. Eric. February 13, 2020. CNN.
  18. Web site: In new flyer, Culinary Union warns members Sanders would 'end' their health care if elected president. Messerly. Megan. February 11, 2020. The Nevada Independent.
  19. News: Concha . Joe . Las Vegas newspaper endorses Biden and Klobuchar, scorches 'non-starter' Sanders . February 14, 2020 . The Hill . February 13, 2020.
  20. News: What's at Stake in the Nevada Caucuses. The New York Times. Reid J. Epstein, Adriana Ramic. February 21, 2020.
  21. Web site: Trump rallies supporters in Nevada, capping four-day trip to the West. The Hill. Chalfant. Morgan. February 21, 2020.
  22. Web site: Trump sows doubt in Nevada caucuses results before they're even out. Vox. Kim. Catherine. February 22, 2020.
  23. Web site: Biden, Buttigieg, Steyer, Klobuchar Campaign in Nevada. Bloomberg. February 17, 2020.
  24. Web site: Big turnout, slim staffing blamed for long lines on first day of early caucusing in Reno. Reno Gazette-Journal. DeHaven. James. February 15, 2020.
  25. Web site: NV Dems: More than 26,000 voters participate in first 2 days of early voting for Nevada Democratic Caucus. 8 News Now. Olvera. Kaitlyn. February 16, 2020.
  26. News: Another Caucus is Coming. But Nevada Will Look Completely Different. The New York Times. Paz. Isabella Grúllon. February 14, 2020. February 18, 2020.
  27. Web site: More than 77,000 Democrats cast early votes in Nevada - Las Vegas Sun Newspaper. February 19, 2020. lasvegassun.com.
  28. Web site: Nevada Democratic caucus turnout lower than in 2008 - Las Vegas Sun Newspaper. Associated Press. February 22, 2016. lasvegassun.com.
  29. Web site: Caucus chaos again? Experts fear vote-counting problems in Nevada. NBC News. Edelman. Adam. February 20, 2020.
  30. Web site: Nevada State Democratic Party: 1,744 early voting ballots deemed invalid. 8 News Now. 8NewsNow Staff. February 22, 2020.
  31. Web site: NBC News, MSNBC announce 5 moderators for Democratic debate in Las Vegas. NBC News. Smith. Allan. en. February 6, 2020. 2020-02-05.
  32. Web site: 6 Candidates Have Made The Nevada Debate - Including Bloomberg. FiveThirtyEight. Rakich. Nathaniel. February 18, 2020. February 18, 2020.
  33. News: 'Gloves will be off': Nevada debate could be pivotal for Bloomberg. Sam. Levin. The Guardian. February 19, 2020. February 20, 2020.
  34. Web site: Nevada Democratic Party moves to muzzle election workers. The Washington Post. Reed Albergotti . Isaac Stanley-Becker . James Pace-Cornsilk. February 22, 2020.
  35. News: Nevada Democratic Party asks caucus volunteers to sign confidentiality agreements. CNN. Kevin Conlon . Dianne Gallagher . Dan Merica. February 22, 2020.
  36. https://www.270towin.com/2020-democratic-nomination/nevada-caucus 270 to Win
  37. https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2020/president/nv/nevada_democratic_presidential_caucus-6866.html RealClear Politics
  38. https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/president-primary-d/nevada/ FiveThirtyEight
  39. http://filesforprogress.org/datasets/2020/2/nv/nv_2_21_2020.pdf Data for Progress
  40. https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/polls/20200221_NV.pdf AtlasIntel
  41. https://emersonpolling.reportablenews.com/pr/nevada-2020-sanders-with-comfortable-lead-heading-into-caucus-tight-race-for-second-place Emerson College
  42. Web site: Rock the Vote . Important Election Dates & Deadlines in Nevada . January 7, 2020 . February 2, 2018 . March 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200320172042/https://www.rockthevote.org/voting-information/election-dates-deadlines/nevada/ . dead .
  43. https://www.pointblankpolitical.com/nv-democratic-caucus-2020/ Point Blank Political
  44. https://twitter.com/RalstonReports/status/1229792062683267072 Beacon Research/Tom Steyer
  45. http://filesforprogress.org/datasets/2020/2/nv/nv_2_17_2020.pdf Data for Progress
  46. https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/politics-and-government/nevada/sanders-holds-lead-heading-into-nevadas-democratic-caucuses-poll-finds-1957583/ WPA Intelligence/Las Vegas Review-Journal/AARP Nevada
  47. https://www.suffolk.edu/-/media/suffolk/documents/academics/research-at-suffolk/suprc/polls/other-states/2020/1_14_2020_marginals_pdftxt.pdf Suffolk University/USA Today
  48. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pete-buttigieg-rises-in-iowa-new-hampshire-biden-back-atop-delegate-hunt-cbs-news-poll/ YouGov/CBS News
  49. https://www.foxnews.com/politics/fox-news-poll-joe-biden-november-10-13-2019 Fox News
  50. https://emersonpolling.reportablenews.com/pr/nevada-2020-biden-extends-lead-warren-jumps-to-second Emerson Polling
  51. https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/poll-biden-holds-significant-lead-over-warren-sanders-in-nevada-top-issue-is-electing-someone-who-can-beat-trump Mellman Group/The Nevada Independent
  52. http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2019/images/09/28/rel1_nv.pdf CNN/SSRS
  53. https://www.suffolk.edu/-/media/suffolk/documents/academics/research-at-suffolk/suprc/polls/other-states/2019/9_24_2019_marginals_pdftxt.pdf Suffolk University/USA Today
  54. https://drive.google.com/file/d/1K3TfoNHJhcFyat86hNxB63qCx5cieI89/preview YouGov/CBS News
  55. http://orlando-politics.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/Nevada-General-and-Democratic-Caucus-August-16-2019.pdf Gravis Marketing
  56. https://docs.wixstatic.com/ugd/779e1a_37421d7858ba4ab7aa05e955ac14bf67.pdf Change Research
  57. https://thenevadaindependent.com/article/poll-biden-sanders-slip-in-nevada-but-still-lead-the-pack Morning Consult
  58. https://www.monmouth.edu/polling-institute/documents/monmouthpoll_nv_061219.pdf Monmouth University
  59. https://docsend.com/view/p3ksbjg Change Research
  60. http://emersonpolling.com/2019/03/31/nevada-2020-biden-and-sanders-lead-democratic-primary-field-trump-looks-to-flip-the-silver-state-red/ Emerson College
  61. News: 2020 primary Elections Nevada results . . February 24, 2020 . March 2, 2022.
  62. Web site: Nevada democratic Caucus Results. USA Today. February 24, 2020. March 2, 2022.
  63. News: 2020 Nevada Democratic presidential caucuses . . February 24, 2020 . March 2, 2022.
  64. Web site: 2020 Presidential Primaries, Caucuses, and Conventions – Nevada Democrat. The Green Papers. November 24, 2021. March 2, 2022.
  65. Web site: Price . Michelle L. . Buttigieg questions 3rd place finish in Nevada, cites errors . The Associated Press . February 24, 2020 . February 23, 2020.
  66. Web site: Tin . Alex . Killion . Nikole . Linton . Caroline . Quinn . Melissa . Buttigieg campaign alleges "irregularities" in Nevada results . CBS News . February 24, 2020 . February 23, 2020.
  67. News: Epstein . Reid J. . Why Are Nevada Caucus Results Coming in So Slowly? . The New York Times . February 24, 2020 . February 23, 2020.
  68. Web site: Culliford . Elizabeth . Reid . Tim . Slow results, confusion and complaints at Nevada caucus sites . Reuters . February 24, 2020 . February 23, 2020.
  69. News: Epstein . Reid J. . Harry Reid Says Nevada Should Have a Primary: 'All Caucuses Should Be a Thing of the Past' . The New York Times . February 24, 2020 . February 24, 2020.
  70. Web site: 2020 Nevada Democratic Caucus Results. Nevada Democratic Party. February 25, 2020.
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