| Country: | England |
| Static Image Name: | Fleming Square, Maryport - geograph.org.uk - 527440.jpg |
| Static Image Caption: | Fleming Square, Maryport |
| Coordinates: | 54.7128°N -3.4926°W |
| Official Name: | Maryport |
| Population: | 11,262 |
| Population Ref: | (2011)[1] |
| Civil Parish: | Maryport |
| Unitary England: | Cumberland |
| Lieutenancy England: | Cumbria |
| Region: | North West England |
| Constituency Westminster: | Penrith and Solway |
| Post Town: | MARYPORT |
| Postcode District: | CA15 |
| Postcode Area: | CA |
| Dial Code: | 01900 |
| Os Grid Reference: | NY038363 |
| Pushpin Map: | United Kingdom Allerdale |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location in Allerdale |
Maryport is a town and civil parish in Cumbria, England.
The town is situated just outside the Lake District National Park, at the northern end of the former Cumberland Coalfield.
Maryport is located on the A596 road 6miles north of Workington, 21.1miles west of Keswick and 26miles south-west of Carlisle. Silloth is 12.6miles to the north on the B5300 coast road, which passes through the villages of Allonby, Mawbray, Beckfoot and Blitterlees.
It's one of the southernmost towns on the Solway Firth, where the River Ellen skirts the grounds of Netherhall School before flowing through Maryport into the Solway Firth.
Maryport railway station is on the Cumbrian Coast Line.[2]
Evidence for Final Palaeolithic and Mesolithic occupation was found at Netherhall Road. This was the first located archaeological evidence of tuff exploitation in the Lake District.[3]
See main article: Alauna (Maryport). The town was established around 122 as one of several Roman localities called Alauna. It was a command and supply base for the coastal defences at the western extremity of Hadrian's Wall. The town contains substantial remains of the Roman fort, which was the last in a series that stretched southwards along the coast from the wall to prevent it being avoided by crossing the Solway Firth. Geomagnetic surveys have revealed a large Roman town surrounding the fort.[4] A Romano-British (native) settlement located directly beside the fort may even have supplied the fort with food, possibly in exchange for goods like pottery.[5]
The Senhouse Roman Museum adjoins the site of Alauna, and has a replica wooden watch-tower overlooking the fort and the sea. The museum houses a large collection of Roman altar stones found at the site.[6]
On Castle Hill are the earthworks and buried remains of a 12th-century motte-and-bailey castle. On the summit are the foundations of a World War II gun emplacement.
To the north are the ruins of Netherhall Estate. The only remains of this once grand manor are stables and a 14th-century pele tower, largely built of dressed Roman stones presumably from Alauna Roman fort nearby. The tower was formerly part of a large house of later date which was demolished in 1979 following a fire.
| Short Title: | Maryport Harbour Act 1748 |
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of Great Britain |
| Long Title: | An Act for repairing, enlarging, and preserving, the Harbour of Ellenfoot, in the County of Cumberland. |
| Year: | 1749 |
| Citation: | 22 Geo. 2. c. 6 |
| Royal Assent: | 22 March 1749 |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of Great Britain |
| Long Title: | An Act for enlarging the Term and Powers granted by an Act passed in the Twenty-second Year of His present Majesty, for repairing, enlarging, and preserving, the Harbour of Ellenfoot, in the County of Cumberland. |
| Year: | 1756 |
| Citation: | 29 Geo. 2. c. 57 |
| Royal Assent: | 9 March 1756 |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of Great Britain |
| Long Title: | An Act for enlarging the Term and Powers of two Acts, made one in the Twenty-second, and the other in the Twenty-ninth Year of the Reign of King George the Second, for repairing, enlarging, and preserving the Harbour of Mary Port, in the County of Cumberland. |
| Year: | 1791 |
| Citation: | 31 Geo. 3. c. 23 |
| Royal Assent: | 11 April 1791 |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Long Title: | An Act for enlarging the Term and Powers of Three Acts of His late and present Majesty, for repairing the Harbour of Maryport in the County of Cumberland. |
| Year: | 1812 |
| Citation: | 52 Geo. 3. c. xv |
| Repealing Legislation: | Maryport Harbour and Improvement Act 1833 |
| Status: | repealed |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo3/52/15/pdfs/ukla_18120015_en.pdf |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1833 |
| Citation: | 3 & 4 Will. 4. c. cxiii |
| Royal Assent: | 24 July 1833 |
| Repealing Legislation: | Maryport Improvement and Harbour Act 1866 |
| Status: | repealed |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Will4/3-4/113/pdfs/ukla_18330113_en.pdf |
| Collapsed: | yes |
For many years the town was named Ellenfoot but the name was changed by Humphrey Senhouse as he began developing the town as a port, following the example of Whitehaven. In 1749 an act of Parliament, the (22 Geo. 2. c. 6), was passed to allow the creation of the present town. Humphrey Senhouse named the new town after his wife Mary. The Senhouse family were landowners in the area and responsible for the development of the town and excavation of its Roman past. The family also had interests in the West Indies. In 1770, Humphrey Senhouse's son, William, was appointed Surveyor General of Customs in Barbados where he purchased a sugar plantation and managed another for Sir James Lowther of Whitehaven. William's brother, Joseph, had a coffee plantation in Dominica. Both men were considerable slave-owners.[7]
It was during this period that the town's lighthouse was built.
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1866 |
| Citation: | 29 & 30 Vict. c. ccxlv |
| Royal Assent: | 23 July 1866 |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/29-30/245/pdfs/ukla_18660245_en.pdf |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1894 |
| Citation: | 57 & 58 Vict. c. cvi |
| Royal Assent: | 20 July 1894 |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Vict/57-58/106/pdfs/ukla_18940106_en.pdf |
| Collapsed: | yes |
The town quickly developed as an industrial centre throughout the 19th century. An iron foundry opened and the port developed as did shipyards, such as Wood's yard and Ritson's yard, which was famous for launching ships broadside into the River Ellen because it was not wide enough to allow ships to be launched the usual way.[8]
The Maryport and Carlisle Railway, opened in the 1840s, with George Stephenson as its engineer, made the transport of coal much easier. Large new mines were sunk in the Aspatria area and almost all their production passed through the port. In 1846, 213,152 tons of coal were shipped from Maryport and by 1857 this had risen to more than 340,000 tons. Much of the coal produced in the area was turned into coke for the local iron and steel industry. By 1890, the Allerdale Coal Company had thirty Beehive coke ovens working on its site at Buckhill, Broughton Moor.[9]
In 1874, the owners announced a cut of 10% in the miners' wages. A strike began in the Aspatria pits and then the owners made a further cut of 15%. By December, the strike had spread to the whole area with 2,000 men involved. The strike lasted until March 1875. There was violence when some 'blacklegs' were assaulted and many colliers left the area to seek work elsewhere.In 1894, John Osmaston who operated the Dearham Colliery became insolvent and the bank took over his pits. Two groups of local miners formed co-operatives and leased the mines at Crosshow and Townhead from the Lowthers. They found it impossible to compete with the other wealthy coal-owners in a tight market and also had serious problems with drainage. This unique experiment ended in 1903 when both companies went into liquidation.[10]
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 1903 |
| Citation: | 3 Edw. 7. c. ccxii |
| Royal Assent: | 11 August 1903 |
| Repealing Legislation: | Maryport Harbour Revision Order 2007 |
| Status: | repealed |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Edw7/3/212/pdfs/ukla_19030212_en.pdf |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Type: | Act |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Long Title: | An Act to make provision in regard to the finance of the commissioners for the Harbour of Maryport and for other purposes. |
| Year: | 1939 |
| Citation: | 2 & 3 Geo. 6. c. xii |
| Royal Assent: | 27 March 1939 |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/Geo6/2-3/12/pdfs/ukla_19390012_en.pdf |
| Collapsed: | yes |
| Short Title: | Maryport Harbour Revision Order 2007 |
| Type: | Statutory Instrument |
| Parliament: | Parliament of the United Kingdom |
| Year: | 2007 |
| Citation: | SI 2007/3463 |
| Si Made Date: | 6 December 2007 |
| Commencement: | 29 December 2007 |
| Primary Legislation: | Harbours Act 1964 |
| Original Text: | https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2007/3463/contents/made |
| Collapsed: | yes |
During the early years of the 20th century, trade in the docks remained steady but was badly affected by the 1926 General Strike. Then, in 1927, a new deep-water dock was opened in Workington. Previously, the Workington Iron and Steel works had imported much of their raw material through Maryport but all of this trade was immediately transferred to the new facility. The local Solway Blast Furnaces also closed.[11]
Maryport became a ghost town. The government declared West Cumberland a ‘Special Area' but, by 1933, 57.3% of the town's insured workforce was unemployed. 1,684 men were out of work. Maryport was “for the most part, living on public funds”.[12] In 1936 twenty unemployed men marched from Maryport to join the Jarrow Crusade to London. Known as the Maryport Marchers, they were joined by two marchers from Cleator Moor and two marchers from Frizington. The Maryport Marchers Council organised this.[13]
Despite a minor boom during the Second World War, when coal from North East England was diverted to the port, Maryport never recovered. The docks were closed to cargo ships in the 1960s. The last deep pit in the area, at Risehow, closed in 1966.[14]
Today, after a series of major regeneration projects such as the yacht marina in the local harbour, prospects for the town are starting to look better. It is expected that tourism will play a major role in the future of the town.[15]
In October 2018, it was announced that the Netherhall School community swimming pool was to close.[16]
See main article: Maryport Lighthouse.
The town has a small lighthouse, formerly run by Trinity House, the general lighthouse authority for England. It is a Grade II listed building.
In 2010 Trinity House transferred responsibility for the new light to the Maryport Harbour Authority.[17] The old lighthouse was restored and repainted in 2017 as part of a government-funded initiative for the refurbishment of seaside towns.[18]
The town is part of the parliamentary constituency of Penrith and Solway. In the December 2019 general election, the Tory candidate for Workington, Mark Jenkinson, was elected the MP, overturning a 9.4 per cent Labour majority from the 2017 election to eject shadow environment secretary Sue Hayman by a margin of 4,136 votes.[19] Until the December 2019 general election The Labour Party has won the seat in the constituency in every general election since 1979.The Conservative Party has only been elected once in Workington since World War II, at the 1976 by-election.[20] The town historically has been a Labour supporting area.
Before Brexit, it was in the North West England European Parliamentary Constituency.
For Local Government purposes it is in the Cumberland unitary authority area.
Maryport has its own parish council, Maryport Town Council.[21]
The town has two industrial estates, the Glasson Industrial Estate and the Solway Industrial Estate, which are home to many small local businesses. It was formerly home to a factory belonging to the Bata company which closed in the early 1980s.
The town is a major name on the blues music scene, holding the "Maryport Blues Festival" every summer. This has previously attracted names such as Jools Holland, Dionne Warwick, Elkie Brooks, Buddy Guy, Jethro Tull, Van Morrison, Robert Cray and Chuck Berry.The three-day event usually takes place on the last weekend of July, attracting both local and international artists. The 2018 Maryport Blues Festival was cancelled.[23]
Maryport also holds the annual Taste of The Sea food festival where visitors can enjoy food from all over Cumbria, such as Rum Butter and Kendal Mint Cake.
The town has a Scout Group (2nd Maryport) that has been in the town for over 70 years and incorporates most sections within the Scouting Movement. The group was visited by the Bishop of Carlisle to mark the centenary of Scouting in 2008.
The town also has a Girl Guiding Group, a Young Archaeology Society, and a local wildlife conservation society.
Maryport Golf Club, a 18-hole course, was formed on 21 January 1905.[24]
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North East and Cumbria and ITV Border. Television signals are received from the Caldbeck TV transmitter. [25]
Local radio stations are BBC Radio Cumbria on 95.6 FM and Greatest Hits Radio Cumbria & South West Scotland on 102.2 FM.
The town is served by the local newspaper, Times & Star. [26]
Maryport has five local primary schools, and one secondary school, Netherhall School.