Nepenthes reinwardtiana explained

Nepenthes reinwardtiana is a tropical pitcher plant native to Borneo and Sumatra[1] and to a number of smaller surrounding islands including Bangka, Natuna,[2] Nias, and Siberut.[3] Although some sources have included Peninsular Malaysia[4] [5] [6] [7] and Singapore[8] within the range of this species, these records appear to be erroneous.[9] [10]

Nepenthes reinwardtiana has an unusually wide altitudinal distribution of 0–2200 m, being both a "lowland" and "highland" plant. There are many different colour forms, ranging from green to dark red. This species is known for the two "eye spots" on the inside surface of its pitchers.

The specific epithet reinwardtiana honours Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt. The species has been given the vernacular name Reinwardt's pitcher-plant.[11]

Taxonomy and systematics

Nepenthes naquiyuddinii

Nepenthes naquiyuddinii was described in 2006 by J. H. Adam and Hafiza A. Hamid.[12] The taxon is only known from Keningau-Kimanis Road and the foot of Mount Trus Madi, both in Sabah, Borneo, where it grows at an elevation of 1400 to 1424 m in open secondary vegetation.

Although acknowledging close affinities between N. naquiyuddinii and N. reinwardtiana, Adam and Hafiza stated that the "two species exhibit many morphological differences and therefore they cannot be united into the same species". However, some authors consider these differences too small for species status and treat N. naquiyuddinii as a heterotypic synonym of N. reinwardtiana.[13] [14] Alternatively, N. naquiyuddinii may represent a natural hybrid involving N. fusca and N. reinwardtiana, the only species that are sympatric with it.

Phylogeny

In 2001, Charles Clarke performed a cladistic analysis of the Nepenthes species of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia using 70 morphological characteristics of each taxon. The following is a portion of the resultant cladogram, showing part of "Clade 6", which includes N. reinwardtiana.[15]

Modern molecular phylogenies, however, show that N. reinwardtiana is sister to Nepenthes macrovulgaris from Borneo [16] . Their common ancestor seems to have diverged relatively early during the diversification of the genus. Unlike the morphology suggests, N. reinwardtiana is not closely related to Nepenthes gracilis, nor Nepenthes murudensis nor Nepenthes tobaica nor other Sumatran species.

Intraspecific taxa

Natural hybrids

The following natural hybrids involving N. reinwardtiana have been recorded.

Notes

a.The species was named after the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Pro-Chancellor, Yang Amat Mulia Tunku Laxamana Tunku Dato' Seri Utama Naquiyuddin Ibni Tuanku Ja'afar.

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. McPherson, S.R. 2009. Pitcher Plants of the Old World. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
  2. Mansur, M. 2012. Keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan pemakan serangga dan laju fotosintesisnya di Pulau Natuna. [Diversity on insectivorous plants and its photosynthetic rate in Natuna Island.] Berita Biologi 11(1): 33–42. Abstract
  3. Clarke, C.M. 2001. Appendix C: Distribution Maps. In: Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 299–307.
  4. Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. Nepenthaceae. In: A. Engler. Das Pflanzenreich IV, III, Heft 36: 1–91.
  5. Danser, B.H. 1928. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, Série III, 9(3–4): 249–438.
  6. Holttum, R.E. 1940. Malayan pitcher-plants. Malayan Nature Journal 1: 35–44.
  7. Shivas, R.G. 1984. Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia & Singapore. Maruzen Asia, Kuala Lumpur.
  8. Green, S. 1967. Notes on the distribution of Nepenthes species in Singapore. The Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 22: 53–65.
  9. Adam, J.H., C.C. Wilcock & M.D. Swaine 1992. Web site: The ecology and distribution of Bornean Nepenthes. . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233248/http://myais.fsktm.um.edu.my/8918/1/10.pdf . 2011-07-22 . Journal of Tropical Forest Science 5(1): 13–25.
  10. Clarke, C.M. 2006. Introduction. In: Danser, B.H. The Nepenthaceae of the Netherlands Indies. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu. pp. 1–15.
  11. Phillipps, A. & A. Lamb 1996. Pitcher-Plants of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  12. Fong, L.F. 2007. New pitcher species . The Star, May 11, 2007.
  13. Rice, B.A. 2006. Do you want to tell me about a species I missed? The Carnivorous Plant FAQ.
  14. Schlauer, J. N.d. Nepenthes naquiyuddinii. Carnivorous Plant Database.
  15. Clarke, C.M. 2001. Nepenthes of Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  16. Introgression is widespread in the radiation of carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants . 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107214 . 2021 . Scharmann . Mathias . Wistuba . Andreas . Widmer . Alex . Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution . 163 . 34052438 . 2021MolPE.16307214S .
  17. Adam, J.H. & C.C. Wilcock 1993. A new variety of Nepenthes reinwardtiana Miquel from Kalimantan, Borneo. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 50(1): 99–104.
  18. Clarke, C.M. 1997. Nepenthes of Borneo. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  19. Phillipps, A., A. Lamb & C.C. Lee 2008. Pitcher Plants of Borneo. Second Edition. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu.
  20. Dariana 2010. Keanekaragaman Nepenthes dan pohon inang di Taman Wisata Alam Sicikeh-Cikeh Kabupaten Dairi Sumatera Utara. M.Sc. thesis, University of North Sumatra, Medan.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Nepenthes reinwardtiana".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.