Government of Nepal explained

Agency Name:Government of Nepal
Type:Government
Nativename:नेपाल सरकार
Picture Width:120
Picture Caption:Flag of Nepal
Jurisdiction:Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal
Headquarters:Singha Durbar, Kathmandu
Minister1 Pfo:Prime Minister of Nepal
Chief1 Name:Lila Devi Gadtaula
Chief1 Position:Chief Secretary of Nepal

The Government of Nepal (Nepali: नेपाल सरकार) is the federal executive authority of Nepal. Prior to the abolition of the Nepali monarchy in 2006 (Nepal became a republic in 2008), it was officially known as His Majesty's Government.

The head of state is the president and the prime minister holds the position of the head of executive. The role of president is largely ceremonial as the functioning of the government is managed entirely by the prime minister, who is appointed by the Parliament. The heads of constitutional bodies are appointed by the president on the recommendation of Constitutional Council, with the exception of the attorney general, who is appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister.

History

Old Bharadari governmentship

The character of government in Kingdom of Nepal was driven from consultative state capacity of the previous Gorkha hill principality, known as Bharadar. These Bharadars were not drawn from high caste and politically influential families. For instance; Thar Ghan aristocratic group in the earlier Gorkha hill principality. Bharadars formed a consultative body in the kingdom for the most important functions of the state as councillors, ministers and diplomats. There was no one single successful coalition government as court politics were driven from large factional rivalries, consecutive conspiracies and ostracization of opponent Bharadar families through assassination rather than legal expulsion. Another reason was the minority of the reigning King between 1777 and 1847 that led to establishment of anarchial rule. The government was stated to have been controlled by regents, Mukhtiyars and alliance of political faction with strong fundamental support. In the end of the 18th century, the central politics was regularly dominated by two notable political factions: Thapas and Pandes. As per historians and contemporary writer Francis Hamilton, the government of Nepal comprised

As for Regmi states, the government of Nepal comprised

In 1794, King Rana Bahadur Shah came of age and his first act was to re-constitute the government such that his uncle, Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal, had no official part to play. Rana Bahadur appointed Kirtiman Singh Basnyat as Chief (Mul) Kaji among the newly appointed four Kajis though Damodar Pande was the most influential Kaji. Kirtiman had succeeded Abhiman Singh Basnyat as Chief Kaji while Prince Bahadur Shah was succeeded as Chief (Mul) Chautariya by Prince Ranodyot Shah, then heir apparent of King Rana Bahadur Shah by a Chhetri Queen Subarna Prabha Devi. Kajis had held the administrative and executive powers of nation after the fall of Chief Chautariya Prince Bahadur Shah in 1794. Later, Kirtiman Singh was secretly assassinated on 28 September 1801, by the supporters of Raj Rajeshwari Devi and his brother Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat, was then given the post of Chief (Mul) Kaji. Later Damodar Pande was appointed by Queen Rajrajeshwari as Chief Kaji. When the exiled abdicated King Rana Bahadur Shah prepared his return in 1804, he arrested many government officials including then Chief Kaji Damodar Pande and sacked the reigning government. He took over the administration of Nepal by assuming the position of Mukhtiyar (chief authority). A new government was constituted with favoring officials. Bhimsen Thapa was made a second kaji; Ranajit Pande, who was the father-in-law of Bhimsen's brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Kaji; Sher Bahadur Shah, Rana Bahadur's half-brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Chautariya; while Rangnath Paudel was made the Raj Guru (royal spiritual preceptor). Later in April 1806, tensions arose between Chief Chautariya Sher Bahadur Shah and Mukhtiyar Rana Bahadur Shah on the night of 25 April 1806 during a meeting at Tribhuvan Khawas's house where around 10 pm, Sher Bahadur in desperation drew a sword and killed Rana Bahadur Shah before being cut down by nearby courtiers, Bam Shah and Bal Narsingh Kunwar, also allies of Bhimsen. The assassination of Rana Bahadur Shah triggered a great massacre in Bhandarkhal (a royal garden east of Kathmandu Durbar) and at the bank of Bishnumati river after which Kaji Bhimsen killed 55 senior officials to benefit from the chaos. He was declared Mukhtiyar (Chief Authority) of Nepal and led the new government from a royal mandate of minor King Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah.

Mukhtiyars ruled over the executive and administrative functions of the state until its replacement by British conventional prime minister in 1843 conferred upon then ruling Mukhtiyar Mathabar Singh Thapa.[1]

Ideals of the old Bharadari governmentship

The policies of the old Bharadari governments were derived from ancient Hindu texts as Dharmashastra and Manusmriti. The King was considered as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu and was the chief authority over legislative, judiciary and executive functions. The judiciary functions were decided on the principles of Hindu Dharma codes of conduct. The king had full rights to expel any person who offended the country and also pardon the offenders and grant return to the country. The government on practicality was not an absolute monarchy due to the dominance of Nepalese political clans making the Shah monarch a puppet ruler. These basic Hindu templates provide the evidence that Nepal was administered as a Hindu state.

Structure

See main article: President of Nepal, Vice President of Nepal, Council of Ministers of Nepal and Federal Parliament of Nepal.

Head of State

Executive

Legislative

Judiciary

Government agencies in Nepal

Ministries

Current cabinet : Fourth Oli cabinet
Date of formation
: 15 July 2024

S. NoMinistry MinisterPoliticalAssumed officeLeft officeWebsite
EnglishNepaliParty
Prime Minister
1.Office of the Prime Minister and Council of MinistersNepali: प्रधानमन्त्री तथा मन्त्रिपरिषद्को कार्यालयKP Sharma OliCPN (UML)15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
Deputy Prime Minister
2.Deputy Prime Minister
Ministry of Urban Development
Nepali: उप- प्रधान एवं सहरी विकास मन्त्रालयPrakash Man SinghNepali Congress15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
3.Deputy Prime Minister
Ministry of Finance
Nepali: उप- प्रधान एवं अर्थ मन्त्रालयBishnu Prasad PaudelCPN (UML)15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
Cabinet Ministers
4.Ministry of Information and CommunicationsNepali: सञ्‍चार तथा सूचना प्रविधि मन्त्रालयPrithvi Subba GurungCPN (UML)15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
5.Ministry of Home AffairsNepali: गृह मन्त्रालयRamesh LekhakNepali Congress15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
6.Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social SecurityNepali: श्रम, रोजगार तथा सामाजिक सुरक्षा मन्त्रालयSharat Singh Bhandari15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
7.Ministry of Foreign AffairsNepali: परराष्ट्र मन्त्रालयArzu Rana DeubaNepali Congress15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
8.Ministry of Water SupplyNepali: खानेपानी मन्त्रालयPeople's Socialist Party15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
9.Ministry of Land Management, Cooperatives and Poverty AlleviationNepali: भूमि व्यवस्था, सहकारी तथा गरिबी निवारण मन्त्रालयBalaram AdhikariCPN (UML)15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
10.Ministry of Industry, Commerce and SuppliesNepali: उद्योग, वाणिज्य तथा आपूर्ति मन्त्रालयDamodar BhandariCPN (UML)15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
11.Ministry of Women, Children and Senior CitizenNepali: महिला, बालबालिका तथा ज्येष्ठ नागरिक मन्त्रालयNawal Kishor SahPeople's Socialist Party15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
12.Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and TransportationNepali: भौतिक पूर्वाधार तथा यातायात मन्त्रालयDevendra DahalCPN (UML)15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
13.Ministry of Youth and SportsNepali: युवा तथा खेलकुद मन्त्रालयTeju Lal ChaudharyNepali Congress15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
14.Ministry of Health and PopulationNepali: स्वास्थ्य तथा जनसङ्ख्या मन्त्रालयPradip PaudelNepali Congress15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
15.Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary AffairsNepali: कानुन, न्याय तथा संसदीय मामिला मन्त्रालयAjay ChaurasiyaNepali Congress15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
16.Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil AviationNepali: संस्कृति, पर्यटन तथा नागरिक उड्डयन मन्त्रालयBadri PandeyNepali Congress15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
17.Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock DevelopmentNepali: कृषि तथा पशुपंक्षी विकास मन्त्रालयRam Nath AdhikariNepali Congress15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
18.Ministry of Education, Science and TechnologyNepali: शिक्षा, विज्ञान तथा प्रविधि मन्त्रालयBidya BhattaraiCPN (UML)15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
19.Ministry of DefenceNepali: रक्षा मन्त्रालयManbir RaiCPN (UML)15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
20.Ministry of Energy, Water Resources and IrrigationNepali: उर्जा, जलश्रोत तथा सिँचाइ मन्त्रालयDeepak KhadkaNepali Congress15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
21.Ministry of Federal Affairs and General AdministrationNepali: सङ्घीय मामिला तथा सामान्य प्रशासन मन्त्रालयRaj Kumar GuptaCPN (UML)15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
22.Ministry of Forests and EnvironmentNepali: वन तथा वातावरण मन्त्रालयAain Bahadur Shahi ThakuriNepali Congress15 July 2024IncumbentOfficial website
Source:[4] [5] [6]

Constitutional bodies

Constitutional bodyHead of constitutional body
Position/Title Name
Chief Commissioner Prem Kumar Rai
Office of The Attorney GeneralAttorney General Dinmani Pokharel
Auditor General Tanka Mani Sharma (Dangal)
Chief Election Commission Dinesh Thapaliya
Chairman Madhav Prasad Regmi
National Women Commission Chairperson Kamala Kumari Parajuli
Chairman Top Bahadur Magar
National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission Chairman Balananda Poudel

Security services

Security ServiceHead of agency
Position/Title Current Head
Gen. Prabhu Ram Sharma
Basanta Bahadur Kunwar
Inspector General (सशस्त्र प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक) Raju Aryal
National Investigation DepartmentChief Investigation DirectorHutaraj Thapa

International organisation participation

United Nations, UNDP Nepal, SAARC, ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WTO, BIMSTEC.

See also

References

Works cited

External links

Notes and References

  1. Book: Kandel, Devi Prasad . Pre-Rana Administrative System . Siddhababa Offset Press . 95 . 2011 . Chitwan .
  2. Web site: Ghimire elected Speaker of the House of Representatives . January 19, 2023 . 2023-02-11 . The Kathmandu Post . English . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20230122031954/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/01/19/uml-s-dev-raj-ghimire-elected-house-speaker . Jan 22, 2023 .
  3. Web site: Timilsina officially elected as NA chairperson. The Kathmandu Post . Mar 14, 2018 . 9 September 2018 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20180730020945/http://kathmandupost.ekantipur.com/news/2018-03-14/timilsina-officially-elected-as-na-chairperson.html . Jul 30, 2018 .
  4. Web site: उपप्रधानमन्त्रीमा सिंह र पौडेलद्वारा शपथग्रहण . 2024-07-15 . GorakhaPatra.
  5. Web site: नवनियुक्त १९ मन्त्रीद्वारा शपथ ग्रहण . 2024-07-15 . GorakhaPatra.
  6. Web site: Prime Minister Oli forms 22-member Cabinet . 2024-07-15 . kathmandupost.com . English.