Ne'ot Hovav Explained

Ramat Hovav
Blank Emblem Type:	Ramat Hovav emblem
Pushpin Map:	Israel north negev#Israel
Pushpin Mapsize:	280
Coordinates:	31.135°N 34.791°W
Subdivision Type:	Country
Subdivision Type1:	District
Subdivision Name1:	Southern
Unit Pref:	dunam
Population Density Km2:	auto

Ramat Hovav (Hebrew: רָמַת חוֹבָב), new official name Ne'ot Hovav, is an industrial zone in southern Israel and the site of Israel's main hazardous waste disposal facility. Ramat Hovav Industrial Zone is the locus of 19 chemical factories, including Makhteshim Agan, a pesticide plant; Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, a pharmaceuticals plant; Israel Chemicals, a bromine plant.

In July 2022, Erez Badash was appointed as the head of the local council.^[1]

Plants

• Aviv Recycling Plant- specializes in recycling used plastic bottles. The plant enables the recycling of the bottles into plastic particles which can be used into creating new plastic bottles.^[2]
• Adama Agricultural Solutions- the plant manufactures and develops plant protection products. The company's products can be found in over 100 countries worldwide, and it is one of Israel's ten biggest companies.^[3]
• Taas Certificates- A subsidiary of Elbit. Establishing A complex of almost 13,000 acres in Ramat Beka (area attached to Neot Hovev). Currently under construction, expected to run in 2025.^[4]
• Orot Yosef- Power plant, manufactures electricity through natural gas. The plant has nine turbines whose total power is about 1,200 megawatts.^[5]
• Elcon Recycling Center- Provides waste management services.^[6]
• Energix Renewable Energies- Publicly traded company. Deals in establishing, operating, maintaining, and managing electricity from renewable sources.^[7]
• Ecosol Israel- Operating incinerators for eliminating concentrations of organic waste.^[8]
• Gaz Gal- Deals in supplying home and industrial gas.^[9]
• GAS TECHNOLOGIES O.B. LTD- supplying various gases for different industries, including pharma, chemistry, microelectronics, and more. The facility is used for storing gases.^[10]
• Globus- Provides logistical services for private and business clients.^[11]
• Green Soil- A site for biological treatment of sludge with volatile pollutants.^[12]
• Dor Ecology- Part of Dor Chemicals group. Operates in the field of recycling and solvent recovery, as well as waste recycling and waste recovery.^[13]
• The Environmental Services Company Ltd- A governmental company designed to treat toxic waste by recycling.^[14]
• Wavelength Pharmaceuticals- Creates active pharmaceutical ingredients for the pharma industry.^[15]
• Teva-Tech (Teva-Asia)- Produces chemicals and pharmaceuticals, hospital products, and veterinary products.^[16]
• Kolbogas- Deals in supplying home and industrial gas.^[17]
• Luxembourg-Pamol Inc.- produces chemicals for agriculture, biotechnology, and the industry.^[18]
• Mapi Pharma- Specializes in the development and commercialization of pharmaceutical substances, including active pharmaceuticals.^[19]
• Metal Tech Ltd.- produces Tungsten and Tungsten carbide, which is used as a raw material for creating gard metals, cutting tools, ceramic vests, hardware tools, light bulbs, and more. About 70% of the factory's products are exported to factories abroad, including factories of large manufacturers such as Sikorsky and Boeing.^[20]
• Mifaley Tovala LTD. -A subsidiary of ICL. Provides logistical services for ICL.^[21]
• Maxima- Air separation center. Provides oxygen, nitrogen, and additional gases for industrial and medical services.^[22]
• Efrat- Energy Infrastructures' terminal. Used for storing and transporting fuels.^[23]
• Negev Natural Gas- Establishment, maintenance, and distribution of natural gas via underground infrastructure.^[24]
• Israel Natural Gas Lines- A government company for the transmission of natural gas at high pressure.
• Sela- The company produces a variety of concrete products. The Neot Hovav factory is used to produce concrete products for infrastructure and construction.^[25]
• Oz & Hadar- Growing and slaughtering chickens. The Neot Hovav factory is used for recycling proteins for products leftovers.^[26]
• Phibro Animal Health Corp. Ltd- A global company engaged in the development, production, and marketing of intermediate products for the health and nutrition of animals, to produce healthier food for humans.^[27]
• Fridenson Logistic Services- Publicly traded company. Operates in logistics and international transportation.^[28]
• The Middle East Tube Company- The company operates in the field of manufacturing steel pipes for sewage, water, fuel, and gas infrastructures.^[29]
• Trans-Israel pipeline- The Eilat-Ashkelon pipeline is used to transport crude oil from the Port of Ilan to Ashkelon. In the territory of the council, there is a strip of traffic to the company's infrastructure.
• Rad Concrete- The company engaged in the production and supply of ready-made concrete and mortar for the construction industry.^[30]
• Rinkam Company (Israel)- Logistics hub for storing and distribution of chemicals.
• Israeli Railways-  Cargo terminal for Israel Railways. The terminal serves as the main terminal for storing hazardous materials arriving by train. Contains advanced safety systems for the treatment of HMS incidents and is used as storage for large companies that contract with Israel Railways for transportation by train.
• Ramat Negev 120 MW Power Station- A power plant that produces energy for plants in Neot Hovav.^[31]
• Rafael Advanced Defense Systems- A government company engaged in the development and production of weapons, including missiles and active defense systems.
• Shoval-Nesher Recycling And Recovery- Shoval Nesher is a partnership between Nesher Cement and Shoval Recycling and Recovery. Shoval Nesher deals with energy recycling and recovery.^[32]
• Beit Ganzim- Provides document archiving services for the business sector as well as the public sector.^[33]
• Bromine Compounds Ltd- A subsidiary of ICL. Produces one-third of the global bromine production.^[34]

Environmental and health hazards

Many of the factories in Ramat Hovav use hazardous materials and evaporation ponds that pollute the air and leach cancer-causing chemicals into the soil and water. Initially, the toxic waste facility was privately run.^[35] According to Israeli environmentalist Alon Tal, the waste was not pretreated before transport to the site. Storage facilities were weak, barrels often rusted, toxic residues were unlabeled and reactive materials were stored near containers of cyanide.^[35] The facility was closed down repeatedly in the wake of accidents.^{[35] [36] [37] [38]}

Ten years after its establishment, outcrops of the chalk under Ramat Hovav showed fractures potentially leading to serious soil and groundwater contamination in the future.^[39]

In 1997, when an explosion occurred in barrels storing organophosphorus pesticides, the residents of nearby villages were not warned and time passed before they were evacuated.^[40] In 2003, Physicians for Human Rights-Israel filed a suit petitioning the government to provide health services in the village. The same year, the Arab-Jewish environmental justice organization BUSTAN worked with local Bedouin leaders to construct a health clinic out of sustainable materials in order to highlight health concerns in the region. A year later, the government built a health clinic on the other side of the village.^[41]

In 1998, it cost about sixty-five dollars to hire a driver to dump a five-ton truck of waste in the West Bank but more than eleven thousand dollars to dispose of waste at Ramat Hovav.^[42] In 1999, al-Quds al-Arabi reported that Israeli companies were engaging in illegal dumping of toxic waste in the West Bank to avoid the cost of treatment and transport to Ramat Hovav.^[43]

A 2004 study commissioned by the Israeli Ministry of Health found a high rate of birth defects among children living in the vicinity.^{[44] [45]}

In 2007, the head of the Ramat Hovav council, Giora Meyuhas, accused the government corporation that manages the site, the Environmental Services Company, of breaking the law and polluting the environment.^[46] Sarov said that the concentration of so many industries in one place means that if there is a large explosion, not simply local Negev residents but all of Israel and many of its Middle Eastern neighbors will suffer severe contamination akin to that of a nuclear explosion.^[47]

Hazardous materials transport

The facility is accessed from Highway 40 and would eventually also be reachable via Highway 6, which is planned to be extended to the area. Much of the hazardous waste transported to the site from the rest of the country reaches it via an Israel Railways rail line (a branch off of the main line to Beersheba) that terminates at a freight rail terminal located inside the industrial zone. Before the branch line was completed in 2004, hazardous materials bound for Ramat Hovav were transloaded onto trucks at the Be'er Sheva North Railway Station, a fact that delayed the approval of new real estate development in the vicinity of Be'er Sheva North due to the risk of hazardous materials spills occurring during the transloading process.

Solar park

In December 2014, the largest photovoltaic power plant of Israel's solar sector was inaugurated in Ramat Hovav, over the previously hazardous dumping site. The 37.5 MW project is owned by Energix Renewable Energies, and was Constructed by Belectric using CdTe photovoltaic modules based on thin-film technology, manufactured by U.S. company First Solar, making it the country's largest PV power plant and one of the largest of its kind in the Middle East.^{[48] [49]}

References

Bibliography

• Azmon, E. and Offer, Z. Y. "Pollution of quaternary cover on aquafers of eocene chalk in Ramat Hovav Industrial Area in Israel" Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Netherlands, Volume 44, Numbers 3-4 / April, 1989
• "A Socio-environmental Timeline", Bustan, 2006
• Borger, Julian. "Palestinians pay price for Israel's toxic waste", Manchester Guardian Weekly (August 2, 1998)
• Javed, Sofia. "Israel, Palestinians battle over toxic waste", Reuters (August 31, 1999)
• Manski, Rebecca. "Bedouin Vilified Among Top 10 Environmental Hazards in Israel;" (News From Within, Vol. XXII, No. 11, December 2006)
• News: Rinat . Zafrir . Ramat Hovav council head: Hazardous waste dump site violates the law . Haaretz . December 20, 2007.
• Sarov, Batia, and peers at Ben Gurion University: "Major congenital malformations and residential proximity to a regional industrial park including a national toxic waste site: An ecological study"; Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2006, 5:8
• Book: Tal, Alon . Pollution in a Promised Land: An Environmental History of Israel . University of California Press . 2002 . 978-0520234284.

External links

• Official website
• Government information
• BUSTAN Naqab Desert Socio-Environmental Timeline
• BUSTAN: Resources on Negev Development
• BUSTAN: Resources on Negev Health and Environment
• Clinic construction at Wadi el-Na'am
• Recent explosions
• Call for evacuation by Israeli official
• Area residents file unprecedented suit against Ramat Hovav
• About Boot Camp City

Notes and References

1. Web site: ראש מועצה חדש לנאות חובב . רשויות.
2. Web site: avivplastic . 2023-07-14 . avivplastic . en-US.
3. Web site: ADAMA Ltd. Listen>Learn>Deliver . 2023-07-14 . www.adama.com.
4. Web site: You are being redirected... . 2023-07-14 . elbitsystems.com.
5. Web site: Power Plants . 2023-07-14 . Edeltech . en-US.
6. Web site: Elcon recycling center – אלקון מרכז מחזור . 2023-07-14 . he-IL.
7. Web site: Home Page . 2023-07-14 . Energix . en-US.
8. Web site: 2019-05-17 . Ecosol neot hovav . 2023-07-14 . neot-hovav.org.il . en-US.
9. Web site: גזגל בע"מ – אספקת גז – חימום, קירור, שירותי התקנה פרטי ומסחרי . 2023-07-14 . he-IL.
10. Web site: Gas Technologies & Chemicals - HOME . 2023-07-14 . gastech.co.il.
11. Web site: 2019-05-17 . Globus נאות חובב . 2023-07-14 . neot-hovav.org.il . he-IL.
12. Web site: שיקום קרקע מזוהמת הובלת קרקע מזוהמת - החברה המובילה בתחום! - GreenSoil . 2023-07-14 . דקל גרינסוויל בע"מ (Green Soil) . he-IL.
13. Web site: Dor Ecology, Waste, Recycling, Solvents Dor Group . 2023-07-14 . www.dor-group.com.
14. Web site: Home base . 2023-07-14 . החברה לשירותי איכות הסביבה . en-US.
15. Web site: WaveLength Wavelength - A Trusted API Developer and Manufacturer . 2023-07-14 . www.wavelengthpharma.com.
16. Web site: 2019-07-01 . Teva neot hovav . 2023-07-14 . neot-hovav.org.il . en-US.
17. Web site: כלבוגז - חברת גז . 2023-07-14 . www.kolbogas.co.il.
18. Web site: About Us – לוכסמבורג תעשיות בעמ – Luxembourg Industries Ltd . 2023-07-14 . he-IL.
19. Web site: Mapi Pharma Formulations That Meet Unmet Patient Needs . 2023-07-14 . mapi-pharma.com.
20. Web site: 2019-05-17 . METALTECH נאות חובב . 2023-07-14 . neot-hovav.org.il . he-IL.
21. Web site: 2019-05-29 . מפעלי תובלה נאות חובב . 2023-07-14 . neot-hovav.org.il . he-IL.
22. Web site: אודות החברה . 2023-07-14 . MAXIMA . he-IL.
23. Web site: 2019-04-01 . מתקן אפרת (תש"ן) נאות חובב . 2023-07-14 . neot-hovav.org.il . he-IL.
24. Web site: Homepage – Negev natural gas . 2023-07-14 . en-US.
25. Web site: seadminyna . עמוד הבית . 2023-07-14 . סלע בטון . he-IL.
26. Web site: Oz & Hadar About Oz . 2023-07-14 . www.ozvehadar.co.il.
27. Web site: פיברו ישראל, שיווק מוצרי בריאות והזנה לעופות, בקר, צאן ודגים . 2023-07-14 . Phibro israel . he-IL.
28. Web site: קבוצת פרידנזון - חברת הלוגיסטיקה המובילה בישראל - ביטוח מטענים, פתרונות שילוח . 2023-07-14 . קבוצת פרידנזון . en-US.
29. Web site: דף בית צינורות המזרח התיכון בעמ . 2023-07-14 . www.tzinorot.co.il.
30. Web site: 2019-04-01 . ר.א.ד בטון בע"מ נאות חובב . 2023-07-14 . neot-hovav.org.il . he-IL.
31. Web site: 2019-05-17 . רמת נגב אנרגיה נאות חובב . 2023-07-14 . neot-hovav.org.il . he-IL.
32. Web site: שובל נשר . 2023-07-14 . www.shovalnesher.com.
33. Web site: 2019-04-01 . בית גנזים נאות חובב . 2023-07-14 . neot-hovav.org.il . he-IL.
34. News: סין גורמת לעלייה חדה במחירים בשוק הברום - וכיל נהנית . TheMarker . 2023-07-14.
35. Book: Tal, Alon . Pollution in a Promised Land: An Environmental History of Israel . University of California Press . 2002 . 978-0520234284.
36. Israel Environment Bulletin . Inside the Ministry of the Environment: Plans to Relocate Hazardous Waste Site . Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs . January 2, 1994 . 17 . 1.
37. News: Dalia. Tal . Explosion at Makhteshim plant in Negev: The blast at the Ramat Hovav facility sent a plume of toxic fumes into the air . https://web.archive.org/web/20121019185857/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-167535834.html . dead . October 19, 2012 . Globes . August 13, 2007 . August 7, 2014.
38. News: Mijal. Grinberg . Environment minister calls for probe into toxic Negev blast . Haaretz . August 13, 2007 . August 7, 2014.
39. Azmon, E. and Offer, Z. Y. "Pollution of quaternary cover on aquafers of eocene chalk in Ramat Hovav Industrial Area in Israel" Water, Air, & Soil Pollution Netherlands, Volume 44, Numbers 3-4 / April, 1989
40. News: Mijal. Grinberg . Zafrir Rinat . Report: Response to Ramat Hovav plant accident inadequate . Haaretz . September 11, 2007 . August 7, 2014.
41. Web site: Wadi Na'am health clinic . Bustan . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20071103142539/http://bustan.org/healthjustice/sustainablehealthservices/ . November 3, 2007 .
42. Web site: Middle East: The West Bank: A Dustbin for Israeli Industrial Waste? . Demographic, Environmental and Security Issues Project (DESIP) . May 2001 . August 7, 2014., sourced to News: Borger . Julian . Manchester Guardian Weekly . August 2, 1998 . Palestinians pay price for Israel's toxic waste.
43. News: Javed . Sofia . illegal dumping "Israel, Palestinians battle over toxic waste . Reuters . August 31, 1999.
44. Sarov, Batia, and peers at Ben Gurion University: "Major congenital malformations and residential proximity to a regional industrial park including a national toxic waste site: An ecological study" Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source 2006, 5:8
45. Web site: Ramat Hovav Industrial Area . Negev Bar Kayma . 7 August 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110721143443/http://www.negev.org.il/index.php?m=text&t=2770 . July 21, 2011 . dead .
46. News: Rinat . Zafrir . Ramat Hovav council head: Hazardous waste dump site violates the law . Haaretz . December 20, 2007 . August 7, 2014.
47. http://bustan.org/2007/08/a_desert_timeline_the_socioenv.html Naqab Desert Socio-Environmental Timeline
48. Youtube.com, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n_EpbKdkUms, December 2014
49. Web site: Ramat Hovav solar field began to supply power to the grid (in Hebrew). 24 December 2014 . 28 December 2014.