Neoplecostomus pirangaensis[1] is a species of catfish in the family Loricariidae. It is native to South America, where it occurs in the headwaters of the Doce River basin in the Mantiqueira Mountains in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil. The species reaches at least 8.3 cm (3.3 inches) in standard length. It was described in 2019 by Jose Carlos de Oliveira (of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora) and Osvaldo Takeshi Oyakawa (of the University of São Paulo) alongside the species Harttia intermontana and Pareiorhaphis togoroi.[2] FishBase does not yet list this species.