Neomphaloidea Explained

Neomphaloidea is a superfamily of deep-sea snails or limpets, marine gastropod mollusks. Neomphaloidea is the only superfamily in the order Neomphalida.

The order Neomphalida has the largest in situ radiation in hydrothermal vent habitats. Neomphalida is a major taxonomic grouping of sea snails, vent-endemic marine gastropod mollusks that form a very ancient lineage, going back to the Palaeozoic era.

2005 taxonomy

The superfamily Neomphaloidea was regarded for a long time as belonging within the clade Vetigastropoda. Superfamily Neomphaloidea was also classified in the clade Vetigastropoda according to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005.

2010 taxonomy

Molecular phylogeny showed that Neomphaloidea belongs in its own order, the Neomphalida, and that this clade is basal to the Vetigastropoda.^[1] The Neomphalina is, based on optimal phylogenetic analysis, a monophyletic clade, with uncertain relations among the gastropods.^[2]

Description

The anatomical characteristics of the Neomphaloidea largely follow the patterns in the Vetigastropoda. However, unusual morphological and phylogentic characters suggest a different systematic position and place it in its own order, the Neomphalida. The formal placement of Neomphalida within the Gastropoda however remains ambiguous.^[3]

Families

Families within the Neomphaloidea include:

• Melanodrymiidae Salvini-Plawen & Steiner, 1995
• Neomphalidae McLean, 1981
• Peltospiridae McLean, 1989

A few genera within Neomphaloidea have been unassigned to a family:

• Helicrenion Warén & Bouchet, 1993^[4]
• Retiskenea Warén & Bouchet, 2001^[5]

Overview of species

Species within the Neomphaloidea include:

1. Leptogyra alaskana Bartsch, 1910
2. Leptogyra constricta B. A. Marshall, 1988
3. Leptogyra costellata Warén & Bouchet, 2009
4. Leptogyra eritmeta Bush, 1897
5. Leptogyra inconspicua Bush, 1897
6. Leptogyra inflata Warén & Bouchet, 1993
7. Leptogyra patula B. A. Marshall, 1988
8. Leptogyra verrilli Bush, 1897
9. Leptogyropsis inflata Hasegawa, 1997
10. Leptogyropsis kalinovoae B. A. Marshall, 1988
11. Leptogyropsis kaltanae B. A. Marshall, 1988
12. Melanodrymia aurantiaca Hickman, 1984
13. Melanodrymia brightae Warén & Bouchet, 1993
14. Melanodrymia galeronae Warén & Bouchet, 2001
15. Xyleptogyra kapalae B. A. Marshall, 1988
16. Cyathermia naticoides Warén & Bouchet, 1989
17. Lacunoides exquisitus Warén & Bouchet, 1989
18. Lacunoides vitreus Warén & Bouchet, 2001
19. Lamellomphalus manusensis S.-Q. Zhang & S.-P. Zhang, 2017
20. Neomphalus fretterae McLean, 1981
21. Planorbidella depressa Warén & Bouchet, 1993
22. Planorbidella planispira (Warén & Bouchet, 1989)
23. Solutigyra reticulata Warén & Bouchet, 1989
24. Symmetromphalus hageni L. Beck, 1992
25. Symmetromphalus regularis McLean, 1990
26. Chrysomallon squamiferum Chen, Linse, Copley & Rogers, 2015
27. Ctenopelta porifera Warén & Bouchet, 1993
28. Depressigyra globulus Warén & Bouchet, 1989
29. Echinopelta fistulosa McLean, 1989
30. Gigantopelta aegis Chen, Linse, Roterman, Copley & Rogers, 2015
31. Gigantopelta chessoia Chen, Linse, Roterman, Copley & Rogers, 2015
32. Hirtopelta hirta McLean, 1989
33. Hirtopelta tufari L. Beck, 2002
34. Lirapex costellatus Warén & Bouchet, 2001
35. Lirapex granularis Warén & Bouchet, 1989
36. Lirapex humatus Warén & Bouchet, 1989
37. Nodopelta heminoda McLean, 1989
38. Nodopelta rigneae Warén & Bouchet, 2001
39. Nodopelta subnoda McLean, 1989
40. Pachydermia laevis Warén & Bouchet, 1989
41. Pachydermia sculpta Warén & Bouchet, 1993
42. Peltospira delicata McLean, 1989
43. Peltospira lamellifera Warén & Bouchet, 1989
44. Peltospira operculata McLean, 1989
45. Peltospira smaragdina Warén & Bouchet, 2001
46. Rhynchopelta concentrica McLean, 1989
47. Helicrenion reticulatum Warén & Bouchet, 1993
48. Retiskenea diploura Warén & Bouchet, 2001

See also

The other superfamily of hydrothermal vent limpets is the Lepetodriloidea.

External links

• Steffen Kiel (2010), The Vent and Seep Biota: Aspects from Microbes to Ecosystems, Nature
• Thomas Kunze, Martin Hess, Martin Brückner, Friederike Beck & Gerhard Haszprunar, Skeneimorph gastropods in Neomphalina and Vetigastropoda — A preliminary report, Zoosymposia 1: 119–131 (2008); ISSN 1178-9913

Notes and References

1. Ponder W. F. & Lindberg D. R. (1997). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 119: 83–265.
2. McArthur A. G. & Koop B. F. (1999). Molecular Phylogenet. Evol. 13: 255–274.
3. https://edisciplinas.usp.br/pluginfile.php/130715/mod_resource/content/1/Aktipis%20%20Giribet,%202010.%20A%20phylogeny%20of%20Vetigastropoda%20and%20other%20archaeogastropods,%20re-organizing%20%20old%20gastropod%20clades.pdf Stephanie W. Aktipis & Gonzalo Giribet (2010). "A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod clades". Invertebrate Biology 129(3): 220-240
4. Bouchet, P. (2016). Helicrenion Warén & Bouchet, 1993. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=536900 on 2017-05-26
5. Bouchet, P. (2010). Retiskenea Warén & Bouchet, 2001. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=449910 on 2017-05-26