Neogoveidae Explained

The Neogoveidae are a family of harvestmen with 27 described species in eight genera. However, eight species of Huitaca, 17 species of Metagovea and 12 species of Neogovea are currently awaiting description.[1]

Name

The name is a combination of Ancient Greek neo "new" and Ogoveidae, a previously described family of Cyphophthalmi that is closely related to Neogoveidae.[2]

Description

Neogoveidae are 1 to 4.5 mm long and eyeless. They often exhibit a solea (modified area with a high concentration of sensory setae) on the first pair of tarsi. Their chelicerae are smooth, with a dorsal crest and ventral process, and can be either short and robust or long and antennuate. They possess laterally projecting ozophores, tarsal claws on the second pair of legs with a row of teeth, tarsal claws on the third and fourth pairs of legs often with small pegs, and an inconspicuous or absent opisthosomal median furrow. The adenostyle is variable, and can be lamelliform, fimbriate, or digitiform. They exhibit both the fusion of coxae 2 and 3, and the fusion of sternites 8 and 9 with tergite 9, the latter of which forms a complete corona analis, which is not present in the genus Metasiro. Exocrine gland pores are located on the sternum in most genera, except Canga and Neogovea, in which they are absent, and Metasiro, in which they are located on the anal plate.[3] The dorsal scutum is heavily granulated, the metatarsi of the legs are ornamented, and the structure of the spermatopositor is highly variable across genera.

Distribution

Neogoveidae occur in tropical regions between 10° north and 5° south of the equator in both South America and West Africa, with the exception of Metasiro, which is found in southeastern United States.

Current research suggests that the diversity of neotropical Neogovidae is much higher than currently known, as new species were found at virtually every place where samples were taken. Currently, the greatest amount of known Neogoveid diversity is known from Colombia, although it is unknown if this reflects greater ecosystem diversity or greater sampling efforts in that country. It is thought that Neogoveidae possesses a considerably large amount of undescribed diversity compared to most other Cyphophthalmi families.

A recent phylogeographical study of Metasiro suggests that, as the genus exists at endpoints of large watersheds, mite harvestmen may be able to disperse by utilizing moving bodies of water.[4]

Relationships

Molecular studies suggest that the South American species are paraphyletic, with the North American Metasiro forming a sister group to all other Neogoveids, Canga forming a sister group to the African Parogovia, and the rest of the South American genera forming a clade. The family is believed to form a sister group relationship with the West African family Ogoveidae. Together, these 2 families make up the superfamily Ogoveoidea, which is the sister group to Troglosironidae. Troglosironidae and Ogoveoidea together make up the infraorder Sternophthalmi, which is well supported as monophyletic by recent phylogenetic analyses.[5]

The species Shearogovea mexasca was formerly included in the genus Neogovea, but has since been removed from both the genus and the family, and its taxonomic position within Cyphophthalmi is uncertain.[6] It has been proposed, however, that the species be re-included within Neogoveidae, and that Metasiro be excluded from the family.

Species

Species:[7]

Notes and References

  1. An Illustrated Catalogue Of The South American Species Of The Cyphophthalmid Family Neogoveidae (Arthropoda, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi) With A Report On 37 Undescribed Species. Zenodo. Benavides Silva. Ligia. Giribet. Gonzalo. 2007-06-18. 1509. 10.5281/zenodo.177215.
  2. Book: Harvestmen: The Biology of Opiliones. Pinto-da-Rocha. Ricardo. Machado. Glauco. Giribet. Gonzalo. 2007. Harvard University Press. 9780674023437. en.
  3. Benavides. Ligia R.. Giribet. Gonzalo. A Revision of Selected Clades of Neotropical Mite Harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Neogoveidae) with the Description of Eight New Species. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. en-US. 161. 1. 1–44. 10.3099/0027-4100-161.1.1. 2013. 55229116.
  4. Clouse. Ronald. Sharma. Prashant. C. Stuart. Jessie. R. Davis. Lloyd. Giribet. Gonzalo. Boyer. Sarah. Wheeler. W.C.. 2015-09-07. Phylogeography of the harvestman genus Metasiro (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Opiliones) reveals a potential solution to the Pangean paradox. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 16. 167–184. 10.1007/s13127-015-0233-7. 17867833.
  5. GIRIBET. GONZALO. SHARMA. PRASHANT P.. BENAVIDES. LIGIA R.. BOYER. SARAH L.. CLOUSE. RONALD M.. BIVORT. BENJAMIN L. DE. DIMITROV. DIMITAR. KAWAUCHI. GISELE Y.. MURIENNE. JEROME. 2012-01-01. Evolutionary and biogeographical history of an ancient and global group of arachnids (Arachnida: Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi) with a new taxonomic arrangement. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. en. 105. 1. 92–130. 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2011.01774.x. 1095-8312. free.
  6. Giribet. Gonzalo. Shearogovea, a New Genus of Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida, Opiliones) of Uncertain Position from Oaxacan Caves, Mexico. Breviora. 528. 1–7. 10.3099/528.1. 2011. 84830177.
  7. Web site: Cyphophthalmi Checklist. giribet.oeb.harvard.edu. 2018-03-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20160306141837/http://giribet.oeb.harvard.edu/Cyphophthalmi/. 2016-03-06. dead.
  8. Kury. Adriano Brilhante. Giupponi. Alessandro Ponce de Leão. 2015-01-26. A new species of Metagovea Rosas Costa, 1950 from Napo Province, Ecuador (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Neogoveidae). ZooKeys. en. 477. 1–15. 10.3897/zookeys.477.8706. 25685003. 4319056. 1313-2970. free . 2015ZooK..477....1G .
  9. Merlijn. Jocqué. Rudy. Jocqué. 2011-12-31. An overview of Neogovea species (Opiliones: Cyphophthalmi: Neogoveidae) with the description of Neogovea virginie n. sp. from French Guiana. Zenodo. 2754. 41–50. en. 10.5281/zenodo.276739.
  10. Karaman. Ivo. 2014-06-26. Tucanogovea schusteri n. gen. n. sp., a new cyphophthalmid (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Neogoveidae) from Amazonia. Biologia Serbica. en. 35. 1–2.

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