Neocheiropteris is a genus of ferns in the family Polypodiaceae, subfamily Microsoroideae, according to the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I).
A molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 suggested that Neocheiropteris was one of a group of closely related genera in the subfamily Microsoroideae, a group the authors termed "Lepisorus sensu lato". It species were embedded in a clade in which none of the genera appeared to be monophyletic:
, the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World recognized the following species, while noting that the distinction from Neolepisorus was not clear:
Plants of the World Online submerges Neolepisorus into Neocheiropteris, although placing some species that the Checklist of Ferns and Lycophytes of the World accepts in Neolepisorus in Microsorum.