Nehemiah 10 Explained

Nehemiah 10 is the tenth chapter of the Book of Nehemiah in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible, or the 20th chapter of the book of Ezra-Nehemiah in the Hebrew Bible, which treats the book of Ezra and the book of Nehemiah as one book. Jewish tradition states that Ezra is the author of Ezra-Nehemiah as well as the Books of Chronicles,[1] but modern scholars generally accept that a compiler from the 5th century BCE known as The Chronicler is the final author of these books. The chapter contains the list of signatories to the people's pledge and the later part deals with intermarriage with the non-Jews among the "people of the land" (parallel to Ezra 10) punctuated with the pledge to separate from "foreigners".

Text

The original text of this chapter is in Hebrew language. In English Bible texts this chapter is divided into 39 verses, but 40 verses in Hebrew Bible, due to a different verse numbering as follows:[2]

English texts Hebrew texts
9:38 10:1
10:1–39 10:2–40
This article generally follows the common numbering in Christian English Bible versions, with notes to the numbering in Hebrew Bible versions.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes Codex Leningradensis (1008).

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B;

ak{G}

B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK:

ak{G}

S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A;

ak{G}

A; 5th century).

The leaders set their seal to the pledge (10:1–27)

After the first seal from Nehemiah the governor (verse 1a), the record is carefully ordered with three lists of signatories: the priests (10:1b–8), the Levites (10:9–13) and the chiefs of the people (10:14–27). Ezra the priest, who has played a leading part in the narrative on chapters 8 and 9, is not mentioned in this chapter.

Verse 1

Now those who placed their seal on the document were:

Nehemiah the governor, the son of Hacaliah, and

Zedekiah,[3]

Verse 3

Pashhur, Amariah, Malchijah,[5]

Verse 5

Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah,[8]

The beginning of the se[cond] month is [on the si]xth [day] of the course of Jedaiah. On the second of the month is the Sabbath of the course of Harim....

Verse 7

Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin,[9]

Verse 8

Maaziah, Bilgai, Shemaiah: these were the priests.[12]

Stipulations of the pledge (10:28–39)

The pledge contains the general affirmation involving the whole community (verses 28–29; cf. Ezra 9–10) and particular obligations 'which they lay upon themselves' (verses 30–39), in relation to intermarriage (verse 30), to the Sabbath and sabbatical year (verse 31), and to the provision for the upkeep of the Temple and clergy (verses 32–10:39 9). The wording can be traced to the Book of Deuteronomy, such as "to walk in God's law" (cf. 8:6 9) and "to observe and do all the commandments" (cf. 28:15 9).

Verse 29

These joined with their brethren, their nobles, and entered into a curse and an oath to walk in God's Law, which was given by Moses the servant of God, and to observe and do all the commandments of the Lord our Lord, and His ordinances and His statutes.[14] The "curse" is the penalty which they invoked if they were faithless to the covenant, the "oath" is the solemn obligation of a duty which they vowed to perform: the oath recalls the wording of 29:12 9, enter into covenant with the Lord your God, and into His oath, which the Lord your God makes with you today.[15]

Verse 32

Also we made ordinances for us, to charge ourselves yearly with the third part of a shekel for the service of the house of our God;[16]

See also

Sources

Further reading

External links

Notes and References

  1. [Babylonian Talmud]
  2. Note [a] on Nehemiah 9:38 in NET Bible
  3. 2 Nehemiah NKJV
  4. Note [a] on Nehemiah 10:1 in NKJV
  5. 2 Nehemiah NKJV
  6. [Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges]
  7. [Ephraim Urbach|Urbach, Ephraim E.]
  8. 10:5 KJV KJV
  9. 10:7 KJV KJV
  10. [Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges]
  11. Note [a] on Nehemiah 12:5 in NKJV
  12. 10:8 KJV KJV
  13. [Charles Ellicott|Ellicott, C. J.]
  14. Nehemiah 10:29
  15. [H. E. Ryle|Ryle, H. E.]
  16. 10:32 KJV KJV
  17. Note [a] on Nehemiah 10:32 in NET Bible
  18. Note [b] on Nehemiah 10:32 in NET Bible
  19. Note [a] on Nehemiah 10:32 in ESV
  20. Note [c] on Nehemiah 10:32 in NET Bible

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