Nebsenre Explained
| Nebsenre |
| Alt Name: | Ranebsen |
| Reign: | at least 5 months in the first half of the 17th century BCE |
| Dynasty: | 14th Dynasty |
| Predecessor: | Heribre |
| Successor: | unknown |
| Prenomen: | Nebsenre
Nb.sn Rˁ
Their Lord is Ra
M23:t-L2:t-<-N5-nb-s-n:Z2-> |
Nebsenre (meaning "Their Lord is Ra") was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 14th Dynasty of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. Nebsenre reigned for a least five months over the Eastern and possibly Western Nile Delta, some time during the first half of the 17th century BCE. As such Nebsenre was a contemporary of the Memphis based 13th Dynasty.
Attestations
Historical source
The prenomen "Nebsenre" is preserved on the ninth column, 14th row of the Turin canon, a list of kings written during the reign of Ramses II (1279–1213 BCE) which serves as the primary historical source for the Second Intermediate Period. The canon further credits Nebsenre with a lost number of years, five months and 20 days of reign following Heribre on the throne. The prenomen of Nebsenre's successor is written as wsf on the Turin king list, indicating that his name was already lost in a lacuna of the document from which the canon was copied in Ramesside times.
Contemporary artefact
Nebsenre is one of only four kings of the 14th Dynasty to be attested by an artefact contemporary with his reign: a jar of unknown provenance bearing his prenomen, which was in the private Michailidis collection.
Chronological position
According to the Egyptologists Kim Ryholt and Darrell Baker, Nebsenre was the 14th king of the 14th Dynasty, a line of rulers of Canaanite descent reigning over the Eastern Nile Delta from c. 1700 BCE until c. 1650 BCE. Alternatively the Egyptologist Jürgen von Beckerath sees him as the fifteenth ruler, due to a differing reconstruction of the early 14th Dynasty.
Bibliography
- Book: Baker, Darrell D.. The Encyclopedia of the Egyptian Pharaohs. Volume I: Predynastic to the Twentieth Dynasty (3300–1069 BC). Bannerstone Press. London. 2008. 978-1-905299-37-9.
- Book: Bourriau, Janine. Shaw. Ian. The Second Intermediate Period (c. 1650–1550 BC). The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. Oxford. new. 2003. 978-0-19-280458-7. registration.
- Book: Kaplony, Peter. Peter Kaplony. Beschriftete Kleinfunde in der Sammlung Georges Michailidis: Ergebnisse einer Bestandsaufnahme im Sommer 1968. Istanbul. Nederlands Historisch-Archeologisch Instituut in het Nabije Oosten. Uitgaven van het Nederlands Historisch-Archaeologisch Instituut te İstanbul, 32. 1973. 1064212.
- Book: Leprohon, Ronald J.. Atlanta. Society of Biblical Literature. 2013. The great name: ancient Egyptian royal titulary. Writings from the ancient world, no. 33. 978-1-58-983736-2.
- Book: Quirke, Stephen. Stephen Quirke. Second Intermediate Period. Redford. Donald B.. Donald B. Redford. 2001. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 3. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-510234-5. 260–265.
- Book: Ryholt, Kim. Kim Ryholt. 1997. The Political Situation in Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period, c. 1800–1550 B.C. CNI publications, 20. Carsten Niebuhr Institute of Near Eastern Studies, University of Copenhagen : Museum Tusculanum Press. 978-87-7289-421-8.
- Book: Ryholt, Kim. The Royal Canon of Turin. 26–32. Hornung . Erik . Krauss . Rolf . Warburton . David . 2012 . Ancient Egyptian Chronology . Handbook of Oriental Studies . Brill . Leiden, Boston . 978-90-04-11385-5 . 0169-9423 .
- Book: von Beckerath, Jürgen. Jürgen von Beckerath. 1999 . Handbuch der ägyptischen Königsnamen. Münchner ägyptologische Studien, Heft 49, Mainz : Philip von Zabern. 978-3-8053-2591-2. German.
