Serer-Ndut people explained

The Serer-Ndut or Ndut also spelt (Ndoute or N'doute) are an ethnic group in Senegal numbering 38600.^[1] They are part of the Serer people who collectively make up the third largest ethnic group in Senegal.^[2] The Serer-Ndut live mostly in central Senegal in the district of Mont-Roland, northwest of the city of ancient Thiès.

Culture

See main article: Ndut language. Their language Ndut, is one of the Cangin languages, closely related to Palor. Like the other Cangin languages, the speakers are ethnically Serers but they do not speak the Serer-Sine language. Their language is not a dialect of Serer-Sine (or Serer proper).^[3] The people are agriculturalists and lake fishermen.

Religion

See main article: Serer religion and Ndut initiation rite. Serer-Ndut people traditionally and still practice the Serer religion which involves honouring the ancestors covering all dimensions of life, death, cosmology etc.^{[4] [5]} Their name for the Supreme Deity (Roog - in Serer religion) is Kopé Tiatie Cac - (God the grandfather in the Ndut language).^[6] The Ndut initiation rite, a rite of passage in Serer religion takes its name from the Ndut language. Some Serer-Ndut are Catholic. The main Catholic mission is at the town of Tiin.

History

See main article: Timeline of Serer history, Serer ancient history and Serer history (medieval era to present).

The Serer people to which they are a sub-group of are the oldest inhabitants of Senegambia along with the Jola people. Their ancestors were dispersed throughout the Senegambia Region and it is suggested that they built the Senegambian stone circles^{[7] [8] [9] [10]} although other sources suggest it was probably the Jola.^{[9] [11]}

The Ndut were also the original founders of Biffeche as well as the Mt Rolland.^{[12] [13] [14] [15]} During the colonial period of Senegal, both the French administration and the Muslim communities of Senegal tried to annihilate the Serer-Ndut people.^{[16] [17]} They failed to achieve their objectives.

Bibliography

• Thiaw, Issa Laye, "La Religiosite de Seereer, avant et pendant leur Islamisation", [in] Ethiopiques no: 54, Revue semestrielle de Culture Négro-Africaine, Nouvelle série, volume 7, 2e Semestre (1991)
• Dione, Salif, "L'APPEL du Ndut. ou l'initiation des garcons Seereer", IFAN Cheikh Anta Diop (2004)
• Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer - Pangool", vol.2, Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, (1990), p 9 and 77,
• Echenberg, Myron J, "Black death, white medicine: bubonic plague and the politics of public health in colonial Senegal, 1914-1945", pp 141–146, Heinemann (2002),
• Gravrand, Henry, "La civilisation Sereer - Cosaan : les origines, vol.1, pp. 140–146, Nouvelles Editions Africaines, 1983,
• Dupire, Marguerite, "Sagesse sereer: Essais sur la pensée sereer ndut":https://books.google.com/books?id=Fag2wuiV7t8C&q=Sagesse+sereer:essais+sur+la+pense+sereer+ndut
• Becker, Charles, "Les Serer Ndut: Études sur les mutations sociales et religieuses", Microéditions Hachette (1974)
• Klein, Martin A., "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum" 1847–1914, pp VII-5, Edinburgh University Press, (1968),
• Daggs, Elisa, "All Africa: All its political entities of independent or other status", Hasting House, (1970),
• Taal, Alhaji Ebou Momar, "Senegambian Ethnic Groups: Common Origins and Cultural Affinities Factors and Forces of National Unity, Peace and Stability" (2010)
• Gamble, David P., & Salmon, Linda K., (with Njie, Alhaji Hassan), "Gambian Studies No. 17 : People of The Gambia. I. The Wolof, with notes on the Serer and Lebou", San Francisco (1985)

Notes and References

1. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=ndv Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International. Ethnologue.com Figures of 2007
2. Agence Nationale de la Statistique et de la Démographie
3. [Guillaume Segerer]
4. [Issa Laye Thiaw]
5. [Henry Gravrand|Gravramd, Henry]
6. Ndiaye, Ousmane Sémou, "Diversité et unicité sérères : l’exemple de la région de Thiès", Éthiopiques, no 54, vol. 7, 2e semestre 1991 http://ethiopiques.refer.sn/spip.php?page=imprimer-article&id_article=1253
7. Gravrand, Henry, "La Civilisation Sereer - Pangool", Les Nouvelles Editions Africaines du Senegal, 1990, p. 77,
8. Gambian Studies No. 17., "People of The Gambia. I. The Wolof with notes on the Serer and the Lebou", By David P. Gamble & Linda K. Salmon with Alhaji Hassan Njie, San Francisco (1985)
9. Espie, Ian, "A thousand years of West African history: a handbook for teachers and students", Editors : J. F. Ade Ajayi, Ian Espie, Humanities Press (1972), p 134,
10. Becker, Charles: "Vestiges historiques, trémoins matériels du passé clans les pays sereer". Dakar. 1993. CNRS - ORS TO M http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/pleins_textes_5/b_fdi_01/010014636.pdf (Excerpt) (Retrieved : 28 June 2012)
11. Book: Hughes, Arnold. Historical Dictionary of The Gambia. 2008. 4th revised . Scarecrow Press. 978-0-8108-5825-1. David Perfect. xix.
12. [Henry Gravrand|Gravrand, Henry]
13. More about the Ndut : Dupire, Marguerite, "Sagesse sereer: Essais sur la pensée sereer ndut":https://books.google.com/books?id=Fag2wuiV7t8C&q=Sagesse+sereer:essais+sur+la+pense+sereer+ndut
14. Klein, Martin A., "Islam and Imperialism in Senegal, Sine-Saloum", pp VII-5, Edinburgh University Press, (1968),
15. Ndut-people in Lingua Món Casa de les Llengües
16. Becker, Charles, "Les Serer Ndut: Études sur les mutations sociales et religieuses", Microéditions Hachette (1974)
17. Echenberg, Myron J, "Black death, white medicine: bubonic plague and the politics of public health in colonial Senegal, 1914-1945", pp 141–146, Heinemann (2002),