Navalny 35 (also known as the Navalny's List) are a group of Russian human rights abusers, kleptocrats, and corruptioners involved in poisoning and imprisonment of Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny. The initial list contained 35 individuals.[1] [2]
On February 8, 2021, Vladimir Ashurkov, Executive Director of Navalny's Anti-Corruption Foundation, recommended the European Union to sanction 35 Russian individuals linked to poisoning and imprisonment of Alexei Navalny.[3]
Earlier, on October 15, 2020, the European Union had imposed sanctions "for the use of chemical weapons for an attempted assassination of Alexei Navalny" on six high-ranking Russian officials and Russian state research institute GosNIIOKhT, which developed chemical weapon agent Novichok. These sanctions include "a travel ban to the EU and asset freezing of individuals and legal entities. In addition, the EU individuals and legal entities are prohibited from providing funds to sanctioned individuals and entities". The UK followed suit on the same day, October 15, 2020.[4]
On March 2, 2021, the European Union imposed sanctions on Russia's chief law enforcement officers in connection with the poisoning of Alexei Navalny.[5] Later that day, the United States imposed sanctions on seven Russian individuals and three organizations in relation to Navalny poisoning and imprisonment.[6]
On March 24, 2021, Canada imposed sanctions on nine Russians on the same grounds.[7]
On August 20, 2021, the UK imposed sanctions on seven FSB officers whom it considers involved in the poisoning.[8] The United States imposed sanctions on nine FSB officers and two organizations.[9] The United States also announced the forthcoming sanctions against Russia for the use of chemical weapons for Navalny poisoning. Sanctions are planned to include additional restrictions on exportation of goods and technologies related to nuclear and missile manufacturing, as well as restrictions on the import of certain types of Russian firearms and ammunition.
On September 22, 2021, the Rules Committee of the United States House of Representatives approved for consideration the US National Defence bill amendment by Representative Tom Malinowski aimed to sanction 35 individuals from the Navalny's list. In the bill they called 'Russian kleptocrats and human rights abusers'.[10] [11]
On October 7, 2021, Helsinki Commission Chairman Senator Ben Cardin and Ranking Member Senator Roger Wicker introduced a bill to the Congress proposing to impose sanctions against individuals on the Navalny 35 list adding them to Global Magnitsky sanctions.
| Name | Occupation | Reason for inclusion | Date of imposition of sanctions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Roman Abramovich | Billionaire businessman and oligarch; net worth $12.9 billion (2019)[12] | One of prime beneficiaries of the kleptocracy system developed and maintained by the Kremlin and Putin. Abramovich has large assets in Western countries and holds permanent residency and/or citizenship in some of them. |  United Kingdom March 10, 2022[13] [14]  Canada March 10, 2022[15] March 14, 2022[16] March 15, 2022[17]  Switzerland March 16, 2022[18]  New Zealand April 5, 2022[19]  Ukraine October 19, 2022[20] | |
| 2 | Denis Bortnikov | Deputy President and Board member of Vneshtorgbank (VTB), Russia's state-owned bank | Son of Alexander Bortnikov, director of the Federal Security Service (FSB). Acts as a 'wallet' for his father's shadow income from corruption. |  United States February 22, 2022[21] [22] February 23, 2022 United Kingdom February 24, 2022[23] Canada February 24, 2022[24] Switzerland February 25, 2022[25]  Australia February 26, 2022[26]  Japan March 3, 2022[27] March 18, 2022[28] Ukraine October 19, 2022[29] | |
| 3 | Andrey Kostin | President and Chairman of VTB bank Board | VTB bank is known to launder the money of top Russian officials. | United States April 6, 2018[30] [31] Canada March 15, 2019[32] Ukraine June 24, 2021[33] February 23, 2022 Switzerland February 25, 2022 Japan 3 March 2022[34] United Kingdom March 10, 2022March 18, 2022 April 6, 2022[35] | |
| 4 | Mikhail Murashko | Minister of Health of the Russian Federation | Responsible for a cover up of Alexei Navalny's poisoning and attempts to halt his emergency medical evacuation to Germany. | Canada March 6, 2022[36] [37] June 9, 2022[38] February 24, 2023[39] February 24, 2023[40] | |
| 5 | Dmitry Patrushev | Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation | Son of Nikolai Patrushev, head of Russia's Security Council and former FSB director. Acts as a 'wallet' for his father's shadow income from corruption. | Canada March 6, 2022[41] United Kingdom March 15, 2022 June 9, 2022[42] Australia July 1, 2022[43] October 12, 2022[44] | |
| 6 | Igor Shuvalov | Former First Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation. Chairman of the State Development Corporation VEB.RF (ex-Vnesheconombank) | Oligarch, owns assets acquired on corrupt money in many Western countries. | February 23, 2022 Canada February 24, 2022 United States March 3, 2022[45] United Kingdom March 4, 2022[46] March 14, 2022 March 18, 2022 | |
| 7 | Vladimir Solovyov | Journalist, TV and radio host on state-controlled channels | One of the prime state propaganda spreaders including a cover up, lies, and fake news about repressions against Alexei Navalny and the Russian opposition. | February 23, 2022 Canada March 6, 2022 United Kingdom March 15, 2022 | |
| 8 | Alisher Usmanov | Billionaire businessman and oligarch; net worth $17.9 billion (2021) | One of the key participants and beneficiaries of the kleptocracy system developed and maintained by the Kremlin and Putin. Usmanov has large assets and significant business ties in Western countries. | February 28, 2022 United States March 3, 2022[47] United Kingdom March 4, 2022 Canada March 10, 2022 | |
| 9 | Alexander Bastrykin | Head of the Investigative Committee of Russia | Fabrication of criminal cases against journalists, activists and opposition representatives | United States January 9, 2017[48] March 2, 2021 Canada November 3, 2017[49] | |
| 10 | Alexander Bortnikov | Director of the Federal Security Service (FSB) of the Russian Federation | Responsible for the attempted poisoning of Alexei Navalny. Came under sanctions as involved in the imprisonment of Alexei Navalny. | October 15, 2020 United Kingdom October 15, 2020 United States March 2, 2021 Canada March 23, 2021 February 23, 2022 March 18, 2022 | |
| 11 | Konstantin Ernst | CEO of the state-owned Channel One Russia TV station | Producer of the prime state propaganda source covering illegal repressive measures against the opposition and inciting social hostility. | Canada March 6, 2022 March 15, 2022 United Kingdom March 15, 2022 | |
| 12 | Victor Gavrilov | Head of the Transport department of the FSB Economic Security service | Responsible for the arrest of Navalny after arriving in Moscow on January 17, 2021. Coordinatied various agencies during the arrival of Navalny’s flight, resulting in unplanned change of the airport of the flight arrival. | Canada March 6, 2022 | |
| 13 | Dmitry Ivanov | Head of Chelyabinsk FSB, former Head of Tomsk FSB | As a head of Tomsk FSB he organized the support and help to an FSB team during the attempted poisoning of Alexey Navalny in Tomsk. After the poisoning he was promoted to the head of the FSB of the larger Chelyabinsk region. | Canada March 6, 2022 | |
| 14 | Alexander Kalashnikov | Director of the Federal Penitentiary Service (FSIN) of the Russian Federation | Organization of the illegal arrest of Alexei Navalny upon his return to Moscow and the systematic violation of human rights in penitentiary places. Came under sanctions as involved in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny | March 2, 2021 United States March 2, 2021 Canada March 23, 2021 | |
| 15 | Sergey Kiriyenko | First Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of the Russian Federation | Involved in the non-admission of independent candidates to the elections and attempts to obstruct the 'Smart Voting'. Came under sanctions for involvement in the poisoning and imprisonment of Alexei Navalny. | October 15, 2020 United Kingdom October 15, 2020 United States March 2, 2021 Canada March 23, 2021 March 18, 2022 | |
| 16 | Elena Morozova | Judge of the Khimki District Court | Authorized the illegal arrest of Navalny for 30 days after arriving in Russia on January 17, 2021, which consequently led to his further imprisonment | Canada March 10, 2022 | |
| 17 | Denis Popov | Chief Prosecutor of Moscow | Chief Prosecutor's office spearheaded a repressive campaign against Navalny's team through investigations and courts. | ||
| 18 | Margarita Simonyan | Editor-in-Chief of Russian State media network RT (former Russia Today) | Simonyan sets the informational direction of the main abroad state propaganda source, which positions itself as the main weapon of information warfare against the entire Western world. She has boasted that RT is capable of "conducting an information war against the whole Western world" | February 23, 2022 Canada March 6, 2022 United Kingdom March 15, 2022 March 18, 2022 | |
| 19 | Igor Yanchuk | Head of the Khimki Police Department | Responsible for Alexey Navalny’s arrest on his return to Russia and arranging his illegal trial in a local police station, which contributed to the further illegal imprisonment of Alexei Navalny | Canada March 10, 2022 | |
| 20 | Viktor Zolotov | Director of the National Guard of Russia | He is responsible for the violent suppression of opposition activities on the streets. One of Putin’s most personally loyal supporters. Challenged Navalny to a duel and threatened to "make minced meat out of him". Came under sanctions and as involved in the poisoning and imprisonment of Alexei Navalny. | United States April 6, 2018 March 2, 2021 United Kingdom March 15, 2022March 18, 2022 Canada March 23, 2021 | |
| 21 | Oleg Deripaska | Billionaire businessman and oligarch; net worth $4.1 billion (2021) | One of prime beneficiaries of the kleptocracy system developed and maintained by the Kremlin and Putin. Deripaska has large assets and significant business ties in Western countries. | United States April 6, 2018 United Kingdom March 10, 2022 Canada March 6, 2022 March 18, 2022[50] | |
| 22 | Alexey Miller | Chairman of the Gazprom Board, Russia's state-owned multinational energy corporation | One of prime beneficiaries of the kleptocracy system developed and maintained by the Kremlin and Putin, and a significant instrument of covert Russia's influence abroad. | United States April 6, 2018 United Kingdom March 10, 2022 Canada March 4, 2022[51] March 14, 2022 | |
| 23 | Igor Sechin | Chairman of the Rosneft Board, Russia's state-owned multinational energy corporation | Close and long-term ally and "de facto deputy" of Vladimir Putin. He is an oligarch and one of prime beneficiaries of the kleptocracy system developed and maintained by the Kremlin and Putin, and also the driving force behind policies such as support for the Nicolás Maduro regime in Venezuela. | United States April 28, 2014[52] Canada March 15, 2019 February 28, 2022 United Kingdom March 10, 2022March 18, 2022 | |
| 24 | Gennady Timchenko | Billionaire businessman and oligarch; net worth $19.5 billion (2021) | Close and long-term ally of Vladimir Putin, one of prime beneficiaries of the kleptocracy system developed and maintained by the Kremlin and Putin. Timchenko is a reportedly 'wallet' of Putin, he has large assets and significant business ties in Western countries. | Canada March 21, 2014[53] United States December 22, 2015[54] United Kingdom February 22, 2022[55] February 28, 2022 March 18, 2022 | |
| 25 | Nikolay Tokarev | Chairman of Transneft, Russia's state-controlled pipeline transport company | One of prime beneficiaries of the kleptocracy system developed and maintained by the Kremlin and Putin. Participated in the construction of Putin's palace in Gelendzhik. | Canada February 24, 2022 February 28, 2022 United States March 3, 2022 United Kingdom March 10, 2022March 14, 2022 | |
| 26 | Alexander Beglov | Governor of Saint Petersburg | One of Putin's closest allies, whose corrupt activities were highlighted by a Navalny investigation, who supported measures to suppress freedom of assembly and protest. | Canada February 28, 2022[56] United Kingdom March 15, 2022 | |
| 27 | Yury Chaika | Presidential Envoy of the North Caucasian Federal District, former Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation | As a Prosecutor General of Russia until 2020 Chaika contributed to the repression of civilians. | Canada February 28, 2022 United Kingdom March 15, 2022 March 18, 2022 | |
| 28 | Andrey Kartapolov | Deputy of the State Duma, former Deputy Defence Minister of the Russian Federation and Chief of Main Directorate for Political-Military Affairs | Reportedly involved in the downing of Malaysian airliner MH17 in 2014. Responsible for using conscription as a mean of persecuting opposition activists. | United Kingdom February 16, 2015 Canada February 24, 2022[57] March 10, 2022[58] | |
| 29 | Pavel Krasheninnikov | Deputy of the State Duma, former Minister of Justice of the Russian Federation | Krasheninnikov personally drafted or supported numerous recent authoritarian laws, including a recent proposal that would impede a prosecution of former presidents on corruption charges. | February 25, 2022[59] Canada March 6, 2022 United Kingdom March 11, 2022 | |
| 30 | Mikhail Mishustin | Prime Minister of Russia | The main executor of Putin's regime policies. | February 25, 2022 Canada February 28, 2022 United Kingdom March 15, 2022 March 18, 2022 | |
| 31 | Ella Pamfilova | Chairman of the Central Election Commission of Russia | Aided and participated in falsification and subsequent legitimization of elections in Russia including presidential elections and referendums. | Canada March 10, 2022 | |
| 32 | Dmitry Peskov | Presidential Press Secretary, the primary spokesman for the Russian government, Deputy Chief of Staff of the Presidential Administration of Russia | Concealing any information about illegal operations against Alexei Navalny and malicious actions of the Putin regime in the country or abroad. | February 28, 2022 Canada March 6, 2022 United States March 11, 2022[60] United Kingdom March 15, 2022 March 18, 2022 | |
| 33 | Sergey Sobyanin | Mayor of Moscow | Organization of electoral fraud and the promotion of criminal activity through corrupt municipal projects, the primary executor of Putin's regime policies in the capital. | Canada February 28, 2022 United Kingdom March 15, 2022 | |
| 34 | Anton Vaino | Chief of Staff of the Presidential Executive Office of the Russian Federation | Coordination and implementation of the Putin's regime policies in Russia and abroad. | February 23, 2022 Canada February 28, 2022 United Kingdom March 15, 2022 March 18, 2022 | |
| 35 | Andrey Vorobyov | Governor of the Moscow Region | Corrupt activities investigated and revealed by Navalny and his team. |
In addition to the list presented by the Alexei Navalny's associates the sanctions were earlier imposed on the following persons involved in the poisoning:
| Name | Occupation | Reason for inclusion | Date of imposition of sanctions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 36 | Andrey Yarin | Head of the Domestic Policy Office of the President of the Russian Federation | Involvement in the poisoning and imprisonment of Alexei Navalny | October 15, 2020 United Kingdom October 15, 2020 United States March 2, 2021 Canada March 23, 2021 | |
| 37 | Alexey Krivoruchko | Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation | Involvement in the poisoning and imprisonment of Alexei Navalny | October 15, 2020 United Kingdom October 15, 2020 United States March 2, 2021 Canada March 23, 2021 March 18, 2022 | |
| 38 | Pavel Popov | Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation | Involvement in the poisoning and imprisonment of Alexei Navalny | October 15, 2020 United Kingdom October 15, 2020 United States March 2, 2021 Canada March 23, 2021 March 18, 2022 | |
| 39 | Sergey Menyaylo | Head of North Ossetia-Alania, former Presidential Envoy in the Siberian Federal District | Involvement in the poisoning and imprisonment of Alexei Navalny | October 15, 2020 United Kingdom October 15, 2020 Canada March 23, 2021 | |
| 40 | Igor Krasnov | Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation | Involvement in the poisoning and imprisonment of Alexei Navalny | March 2, 2021 United States March 2, 2021 United Kingdom March 15, 2022 Canada March 23, 2021 | |
| 41 | Kirill Vasiliev | Director of the FSB Criminalistics Institute | Involvement in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny | United Kingdom August 20, 2021 United States August 20, 2021 | |
| 42 | Alexey Sedov | Head of the FSB Second Service (Service for the protection of the constitutional order and the fight against terrorism) | Involvement in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny | United Kingdom August 20, 2021 United States August 20, 2021 | |
| 43 | Alexey Alexandrov (Alexey Frolov) | FSB criminalist officer | Involvement in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny | United Kingdom August 20, 2021 | |
| 44 | Vladimir Panyaev | FSB officer | Involvement in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny | United Kingdom August 20, 2021 United States August 20, 2021 | |
| 45 | Ivan Osipov (Ivan Spiridonov) | FSB criminalist officer | Involvement in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny | United Kingdom August 20, 2021 | |
| 46 | Vladimir Bogdanov | Director of the FSB Center of Special Technology, former Director of the FSB Criminalistics Institute | Involvement in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny | United Kingdom August 20, 2021 United States August 20, 2021 | |
| 47 | Stanislav Makshakov | Deputy Director of the FSB Criminalistics Institute | Involvement in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny | United Kingdom August 20, 2021 United States August 20, 2021 | |
| 48 | Konstantin Kudryavtsev | Employee of the FSB Criminalistics Institute | Involvement in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny | United States August 20, 2021 | |
| 49 | Arthur Zhirov | Former director of the 27th Science Center, a chemical weapons specialist | Involvement in the poisoning of Alexei Navalny | United States August 20, 2021 |
And also on organizations:
| Organization | Reason for inclusion | Date of imposition of sanctions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology (GosNIIOKhT) | Development of chemical weapons, including Novichok agent | October 15, 2020 United Kingdom October 15, 2020 United States March 2, 2021 | |
| 2 | 27th Research and Development Center of the Ministry of Defense (27th TsNII) | Use of military and dual-use information technologies | United States March 2, 2021 | |
| 3 | 33rd Central Research and Development Institute of the Ministry of Defense (33-й TsNII) | Production of Novichok agent, contrary to its designation as the main developer of all technologies for the destruction of toxic substances used at Russian chemical weapons destruction facilities | United States March 2, 2021 | |
| 4 | FSB Criminalistics Institute | Involvement of employees in the operation of poisoning of Alexei Navalny | United States August 20, 2021 | |
| 5 | State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense (GNII VM MO) | Cooperation with the 27th Research and development center and 33rd Central research and development institute | United States August 20, 2021 |
On February 12, 2021 Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov announced that Russia is ready to break its relations with the EU should it introduce new sanctions, saying 'if you want peace, prepare for war'.[61]
On September 23, 2021 press secretary of Russian Foreign Ministry, Maria Zakharova, warned the United States against 'ill-considered move on the sanctions track' in relation to the Congress' plans on the introduction of new sanctions against Russian officials.[62]