| Conventional Long Name: | Naval Base Upolu |
| Common Name: | Naval Base Upolu |
| Image Map2: | Samoan Islands.png |
| Map Caption2: | Map of Samoa |
| Capital: | Apia |
| Time Zone: | WST |
| Utc Offset: | +13c |
Naval Base Upolu was a naval base built by the United States Navy in 1942 to support the World War II effort. The base was located on Upolu Island, Samoa in the Western Pacific Ocean, part of the Samoan Islands's Naval Base Samoa. After the surprise attack on Naval Station Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, the US Navy was in need of setting up more advance bases in the Pacific Ocean. At Naval Base Upolu the Navy built a sea port, an airbase and a seaplane base. [1] [2]
After the World War II's Pacific War war the airstrip was converted to civilian use. Today it is the Faleolo International Airport.
Upolu Island, a Polynesia island, is east of Fiji, to the north-east of Sydney, and south of Hawaii, giving it a key location for both ships and planes to refuel. The US Navy was tasked with building both harbor facilities and an airbase on Upolu. The first to arrive was the 7th Marine Defense Battalion on April 1, 1942. On May 10 the US Navy landed 4th Construction Detachment and work began. The existing pier and seawall were not able to handle the upcoming needs. The Navy build a floating dock with 3-by-7-pontoon barges to begin unloading cargo. Type B ship barges and native scow barges were used also. Existing buildings became temporary warehouses, offices, and a dispensary. Tents were set up for hospital wards, mess hall, and quarters. The base became part of Naval Base Samoa.
The Navy built a 4000feet by 200feet runway on Upolu at Faleolo, an auxiliary field. After removing coconut palms, the runway was paved with crushed and rolled volcanic ash on a lava rock base. The runway was found to be able to support heavy bombers. The runway was operational by July 1942. U.S. Marine Fighting Squadron VMF-111 operated from the Faleolo auxiliary field. In March 1943 the US Navy Seabees lengthened the runway to and widen it to, now the Faleolo International Airport. The Seabees also installed taxiways and parking for 58 planes. Also at the airbase, they built two hangars, quonset hut shops, and quonset hut housing.
In May 1942 a seaplane base was built by the Seabees began. Five 30feet seaplane ramps were built of rock fill and a concrete surface was installed. In the port, six mooring buoys and one nose hangar were built. The seaplane base had storage, a workshop, barracks, and a refueling station. Two anti-aircraft artillery battalions camps were built for protection. US Navy Sea Navy Scout Squadron VS-51 operated out of Naval Base Upolu. VS-51 operated Vought OS2U Kingfisher and Grumman J2F Duck planes under Fleet Air Wing Two. The USS Chandeleur (AV-10), a seaplane tender was stationed at Apia Harbor, to service the planes.
Seabees built a 108-bed hospital, operating room, and a dental office at the base. Also added to the base, Seabees built a new 600feet-by-20feet wharf with lave rock and concrete road on top. A short distance from the base ammunition storage magazines were built. Construction Seabees depart May 20, 1943, as Construction Battalion Maintenance Unit, CBMU 506. Construction Battalion Maintenance took over the operations of a sawmill and constructed carpenter, plumbing, and sheet-metal shops. CBMU 504 arrived on February 16, 1944, and took over the operations, with CBMU 506 departed on February 27, 1944, for work at Tulagi. The US Navy did beach landing training at Upolu, the SS American Legion and other ships did the training 1943. Closure of the base started in February 1944 and was completed by November 1944, with the base moved to move forward location, closer to the fighting action.[3]
Upolu Island is a tropical forest, that is long and . The Island is made from an ancient basaltic shield volcano. Upolu had two ports Apia and Sava, both did not have good natural fleet anchorage. The city of Apia is on the north coast with the small Apia Harbour.[2]
Operation Straw was the code name for the bases built in the geographical location of Samoa's Upolu Island and Tutuila Island.
See main article: Seabees in World War II. Seabees units that worked at Upolu: