Natrialba Explained

In taxonomy, Natrialba is a genus of the Natrialbaceae. The genus consists of many diverse species that can survive extreme environmental niches, especially they are capable to live in the waters saturated or nearly saturated with salt (halophiles).^{[1] [2]} They have certain adaptations to live within their salty environments. For example, their cellular machinery is adapted to high salt concentrations by having charged amino acids on their surfaces, allowing the cell to keep its water molecules around these components. The osmotic pressure and these amino acids help to control the amount of salt within the cell.^[3]

For instance, N. magadii is an aerobic chemoorganotrophic, dual extremophile requiring alkaline conditions and hypersalinity for optimal growth. Those harsh conditions resulted in changed composition of charged amino acids in the proteins (average isoelectric point is only 4.64, whereas other organisms average is 6.5) with almost all proteins being highly acidic.^[4] The genome of N. magadii consists of four replicons with a total sequence of 4,443,643 bp and encodes 4,212 putative proteins. The genome analysis identified multiple genes coding putative proteins involved in adaptation to hypersalinity, stress response, glycosylation, and polysaccharide biosynthesis. Additionally, proton-driven ATP synthase and a variety of putative cytochromes and other proteins required for aerobic respiration and electron transfer had been found. The genome encodes a number of putative proteases/peptidases.^[5]

Their resistance to salt allows for the use of some members of the genus in biotechnological processes.^[6]

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)^[7] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI).^[8]

See also

• List of Archaea genera

Further reading

Scientific journals

• Conde. J. D.. 4. Guillen. J.. Nercessian. D.. Ordonez. M.V.. Villalain. J.. Secondary structure determination by FTIR of an archaeal ubiquitin-like polypeptide from Natrialba magadii. European Biophysics Journal. September 2011. 40. 9. 1101–1107. 10.1007/s00249-011-0719-y. 21701865. 13480537. 11336/13062. free.
• Oren A . Ventosa A . 2000 . International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology Subcommittee on the taxonomy of Halobacteriaceae. Minutes of the meetings, 16 August 1999, Sydney, Australia . Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. . 50 . 3 . 1405 - 1407 . 10843089 . 10.1099/00207713-50-3-1405. free .

Scientific books

• Book: Gibbons, NE . 1974 . Family V. Halobacteriaceae fam. nov. . Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology . 8th . RE Buchanan . NE Gibbons . The Williams & Wilkins Co. . Baltimore.

External links

• Natrialba at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
• Natrialba magadii at Proteme-pI database showing extreme charge distribution of the proteins

Notes and References

1. KAMEKURA. MASAHIRO. DYALL-SMITH. MICHAEL L.. 1995. Taxonomy of the family Halobacteriaceae and the description of two newgenera Halorubrobacterium and Natrialba.. The Journal of General and Applied Microbiology. en. 41. 4. 333–350. 10.2323/jgam.41.333. 0022-1260. free.
2. Kamekura. M.. Dyall-Smith. M. L.. Upasani. V.. Ventosa. A.. Kates. M.. July 1997. Diversity of alkaliphilic halobacteria: proposals for transfer of Natronobacterium vacuolatum, Natronobacterium magadii, and Natronobacterium pharaonis to Halorubrum, Natrialba, and Natronomonas gen. nov., respectively, as Halorubrum vacuolatum comb. nov., Natrialba magadii comb. nov., and Natronomonas pharaonis comb. nov., respectively. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 47. 3. 853–857. 10.1099/00207713-47-3-853. 0020-7713. 9226918. free.
3. Reed. Christopher J.. Lewis. Hunter. Trejo. Eric. Winston. Vern. Evilia. Caryn. 2013. Protein Adaptations in Archaeal Extremophiles. Archaea. en. 2013. 373275. 10.1155/2013/373275. 24151449. 3787623. 1472-3646. free.
4. Kozlowski. Lukasz P.. 2017-01-04. Proteome-pI: proteome isoelectric point database . Nucleic Acids Research. 45. D1. D1112–D1116. 10.1093/nar/gkw978 . 5210655. 27789699.
5. Siddaramappa. Shivakumara. Challacombe. Jean F.. Decastro. Rosana E.. Pfeiffer. Friedhelm. Sastre. Diego E.. Giménez. María I.. Paggi. Roberto A.. Detter. John C.. Davenport. Karen W.. 2012-05-04. A comparative genomics perspective on the genetic content of the alkaliphilic haloarchaeon Natrialba magadii ATCC 43099T . BMC Genomics. 13. 165. 10.1186/1471-2164-13-165 . 3403918. 22559199 . free .
6. Kebbouche-Gana. Salima. Gana. Mohamed Lamine. Ferrioune. Imen. Khemili. Souad. Lenchi. Nesrine. Akmouci-Toumi. Sihem. Bouanane-Darenfed. Nabila Amel. Djelali. Nacer-Eddine. 2013-11-01. Production of biosurfactant on crude date syrup under saline conditions by entrapped cells of Natrialba sp. strain E21, an extremely halophilic bacterium isolated from a solar saltern (Ain Salah, Algeria). Extremophiles. en. 17. 6. 981–993. 10.1007/s00792-013-0580-2. 24061687. 15583238. 1431-0651.
7. Web site: J.P. Euzéby . Natrialba . 2023-10-10 . List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN).
8. Web site: Sayers . et al.. Natrialba . 2023-10-10 . National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) taxonomy database.
9. Web site: The LTP . 10 May 2023.
10. Web site: LTP_all tree in newick format. 10 May 2023.
11. Web site: LTP_06_2022 Release Notes. 10 May 2023.
12. Web site: GTDB release 08-RS214 . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
13. Web site: ar53_r214.sp_label . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.
14. Web site: Taxon History . Genome Taxonomy Database. 10 May 2023.