In Israeli politics, the national camp (Hebrew: המחנה הלאומי) or right-wing bloc is an informal coalition of nationalist and right-wing, religious conservative political parties that since 1977 has frequently co-operated to form governments.[1]
The coalition is led by Likud, and includes parties to its political right as well as religious parties. Generally, the two Haredi parties (Shas and the United Torah Judaism alliance) align with Likud. In the past, the coalition has included the National Religious Party, the National Union, Gesher, Tkuma, The Jewish Home, the New Right, Yisrael Beiteinu (until late 2019) and Zehut.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]
Following the September 2019 Israeli legislative election, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu formed a "right-wing bloc" for the purposes of coalition negotiations, consisting of Likud, Shas, United Torah Judaism and Yamina, that would support Netanyahu as Prime Minister.[8] In February 2021, Yamina left the bloc to pursue negotiations with opposition parties, and the Religious Zionist Party, which had split from Yamina, also declined to sign on, despite supporting Netanyahu as Prime Minister.[9] However, the Religious Zionist Party later rejoined the bloc and participated in bloc meetings.[10]
Following the fall of the Netanyahu government in June 2021, the four parties of the right-wing bloc went into the opposition, but continued to hold regular joint meetings in Netanyahu's office.[11] [12]
The bloc returned to power under Netanyahu's leadership following the 2022 Israeli legislative election, forming the thirty-seventh government of Israel.[13]
| Name | Years | Position | Ideology | Leader | MKs | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Likud | 1977–present | Centre-right to right-wing | Conservatism | Benjamin Netanyahu | ||||
| Shas | 1984–present | Right-wing | Religious conservatism (Sephardi-Haredi) | Aryeh Deri | ||||
| United Torah Judaism | 1992–present | Right-wing | Religious conservatism (Ashkenazi-Haredi) | Yitzhak Goldknopf | ||||
| Mafdal – Religious Zionism | 2023–present | Right-wing to Far-right | Religious Zionism Ultranationalism | Bezalel Smotrich | ||||
| Otzma Yehudit | 2013–present | Far-right | Kahanism | Itamar Ben-Gvir | ||||
| Noam | 2019–present | Far-right | Religious Zionism Social conservatism | Avi Maoz | ||||
| Name | Years | Position | Ideology | Leader | MKs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yisrael Beiteinu | 1999–2019 | Centre-right to right-wing | National liberalism | Avigdor Lieberman | |||
| style=background: | New Hope | Centre-right to right-wing | Conservatism National liberalism | Gideon Sa'ar | |||
In January 2022, Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett suggested he was planning to form a "new national camp" with Yamina, Yisrael Beiteinu and New Hope, excluding Likud.[14] The three parties parted their ways during the collapse of 36th Cabinet of Israel.
In August 2024, Gideon Sa'ar, the leader of New Hope, called for the unification of what he described as the "liberal right-wing camp", which would also include Yisrael Beiteinu and Bennett's New Right.[15]
| Years | Leader | MKs | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1949–1951 | Menachem Begin | |
| 2 | 1951–1955 | Peretz Bernstein | |
| 3 | 1955–1959 | Menachem Begin | |
| 4 | 1959–1961 | Menachem Begin | |
| 5 | 1961–1965 | Menachem Begin | |
| 6 | 1965–1969 | Menachem Begin | |
| 7 | 1969–1974 | Menachem Begin | |
| 8 | 1974–1977 | Menachem Begin | |
| Years | Leader | MKs | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 9 | 1977–1981 | Menachem Begin | ||
| 10 | 1981–1984 | Menachem Begin, Yitzhak Shamir | ||
| 11 | 1984–1988 | Yitzhak Shamir | ||
| 12 | 1988–1992 | Yitzhak Shamir | ||
| 13 | 1992–1996 | Yitzhak Shamir, Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
| 14 | 1996–1999 | Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
| 15 | 1999–2003 | Benjamin Netanyahu, Ariel Sharon | ||
| 16 | 2003–2006 | Ariel Sharon | ||
| 17 | 2006–2009 | Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
| 18 | 2009–2013 | Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
| 19 | 2013–2015 | Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
| 20 | 2015–2019 | Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
| 21 | 2019–2019 | Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
| 22 | 2019–2020 | Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
| 23 | 2020–2021 | Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
| 24 | 2021–2022 | Benjamin Netanyahu | ||
| 25 | 2022–present | Benjamin Netanyahu |