Russian National Card Payment System Explained

National payment card system
Native Name:Национальная система платёжных карт
Native Name Lang:ru
Type:Joint-stock company
Industry:Financial services
Hq Location City:Moscow
Hq Location Country:Russia
Key People:Dmitry Dubinin (CEO)[1]
Services:Payment service provider, payment systems
Revenue:₽22.2 billion[2]
Revenue Year:2020
Net Income:₽8.2 billion
Net Income Year:2020
Assets:₽29.5 billion
Assets Year:2020
Parent:Central Bank of Russia
Subsid:Mir

The National Payment Card System (NSPK) is an operational and payment clearing house for processing bank card transactions within Russia and the operator of the Mir card payment system. It is the operational and payment clearing house of the and wholly owned by the Central Bank of Russia (CBR).[3] [4]

On February 23, 2024, the United States Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions against the NSPK. This has no consequences on the territory of Russia, but may limit the use of Mir cards in other countries.[5]

History

In March 2014, after the U.S. imposed sanctions against Russia in connection with the annexation of Crimea, the international payment systems Visa and MasterCard for the second time in history stopped servicing cards of several Russian banks in retail outlets and ATMs of the international network.[6] The preparation of amendments to the Federal Law "On the National Payment System" was initiated in order to infrastructurally and informationally enclose the process of money transfers within Russia.[7]

On July 23, 2014, the joint-stock company National Payment Card System (NSPK JSC) was established with two tasks:

Vladimir Komlev,[9] [10] who previously headed United Credit Card Company (UCS), was appointed CEO of the NSPK JSC.

Since April 2015, all domestic MasterCard transactions have been fully transferred to the NSPK processing.[11] Cards of international payment systems became operational in Crimea.[12]

In June 2015, all domestic Visa transactions were finally transferred to the NSPK processing.[13]

The NSPK signed several agreements on joint issuance of co-branded cards with international payment systems:

On December 15, 2015, the NSPK announced the issuance of the first Mir cards by seven Russian banks.[17]

In 2017, the National Payment Card System became a member of the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC).[18]

In 2022, due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Visa, Mastercard, and American Express suspended their operations in Russia,[19] [20] as a result:

However, Visa, Mastercard and American Express cards issued by Russian banks continue to work in Russia. This is possible due to the fact that transactions on them are processed by the National Payment Card System.[21] [22]

At the end of 2022, NSPK's net profit according to RAS increased 2.58 times, amounting to 25.3 billion rubles. The company's revenue by the end of the year amounted to 50.3 billion rubles, assets — 69.8 billion rubles. NSPK also paid dividends of 4.9 billion rubles in 2022 to its sole shareholder, the Bank of Russia, which is 805 million rubles more than a year earlier.[23] [24]

Vladimir Komlev was the CEO of NSPK from the company's foundation until the end of 2023. On January 1, 2024, he left the post. On May 29, 2024, it became known that Dmitry Dubynin would become the new head of NSPK, such a decision was made by the National Financial Board of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.[25] [26] [27] [28]

Activity

YearRevenue,bil. roublesNet income,bil. roublesReference
20152,611,21[29]
20166,212,88[30]
20177,93,3[31]
201811,84,7[32]
201916,25,6[33]
202022,28,2[34]
202129,49,9[35]
202250,325,3

Interaction with international payment systems

Since June 2015, all banks that are direct participants of international payment systems (IPS) send all intra-Russian authorization requests and exchange clearing messages for Visa international payment system cards through the Operational and Payment Clearing Center (OPCC) of the NSPK.[36]

Since April 1, 2015, all banks' transactions on MasterCard cards have been carried out through the NSPK processing.

In July 2015, NSPK and MasterCard entered into an agreement to issue co-branded cards under the Mir and Maestro brands.[37] In December 2015, Gazprombank issued Mir-Maestro cards.[38]

In September 2016, Russia's National Payment Card System and China's Union Pay payment system agreed to issue joint bank cards. The corresponding agreement was signed on September 14 in Shanghai,[39] and the first cards were issued in July 2017 by Rosselkhozbank.[40] There were a number of Mir-JCB co-branded cards on the market.[41] Such cards were issued by Gazprombank, Rosselkhozbank, Almazergienbank, and Far East Bank.

Mir payment system

See main article: Mir (payment system). In April-May 2015, in a nationwide creative contest "Mir" was chosen as the name and logo of the national payment system.[42] The final version of the logo, finalized by Plenum Brand Consultancy, was presented on July 16, 2015.[43]

In October 2015, the rules and tariffs of the Mir payment system were published on the NSPK website. According to the Russian central bank, they provide for lower prices compared to IPS, as well as the absence of commission for intrabank turnover.[44]

The open issuance of the "Mir" payment system cards began on December 15, 2015. The first issuing banks were Gazprombank, MDM Bank, RNKB, Bank Rossiya, Svyaz-bank, MINBank, and SMP Bank.

As of February 2023, 233 banks joined the Mir payment system, 158 of which are issuers of payment cards.[45] [46]

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, 228.4 million Mir cards were issued in Russia.[47] [48]

Mir mobile service

On March 4, 2019, the Mir payment system launched Mir Pay mobile contactless payment service in Russia, which can be used by owners of any Android smartphones (starting from version 6.0) with NFC technology support.[49]

Fast Payment System

The NSPK is the operational and payment clearing center of the Fast Payment System (FPS). The system itself was launched in Russia on January 28, 2019.[50] Russians started using FPS in offline and online stores in 2019 as well. The first payments via FPS in various services began almost simultaneously.[51] [52] [53]

Sanctions

The US Treasury Department has issued a warning that it will impose sanctions on banks and companies that continue to cooperate with the NSPK. Those financial organizations that enter into agreements with the NSPK "risk supporting Russia's efforts to circumvent U.S. sanctions," the department said. The first head of the NSPK, Vladimir Komlev, is under US personal sanctions.[54]

On February 23, 2024, the NSPK was placed on the U.S. blocking sanctions list because the center is "responsible for both domestic Russian transactions and international transactions. It helps the Russian Federation circumvent sanctions and remain connected to the international financial system."[55] [56]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Главный по «Миру». В Национальной системе платежных карт – новый гендиректор. 2024-06-04. Банки.ру. 2024-06-04. 2024-06-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20240604174807/https://www.banki.ru/news/lenta/?id=11003469. live.
  2. Web site: Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2020 год . 2022-07-19 . 2021-08-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210810051549/https://www.nspk.ru/upload/iblock/b9a/АЗ+Бух.отчетность+Пояснительная%202020.pdf.
  3. Web site: Russia's credit cards still function thanks to a domestic alternative to Visa and Mastercard .
  4. News: Russia reaps reward of domestic payment system after Visa and Mastercard withdraw . Financial Times . 20 April 2022 .
  5. Web site: On Second Anniversary of Russia's Further Invasion of Ukraine and Following the Death of Aleksey Navalny, Treasury Sanctions Hundreds of Targets in Russia and Globally. 2024-02-23. United States Department of the Treasury.
  6. Web site: Visa и Mastercard заблокировали операции банков Ковальчука и Ротенбергов. РБК. 2016-04-07. 2016-03-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20160327204640/http://www.rbc.ru/economics/21/03/2014/912600.shtml.
  7. Web site: Данные о платежах по российским картам запретят передавать за рубеж. Елена. Баженова. РБК. 2016-04-07. 2016-03-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20160322174917/http://www.rbc.ru/economics/21/03/2014/912777.shtml.
  8. Web site: В 2016 году планируется выпустить 30 млн карт «Мир». ТАСС. 2016-04-07. 2016-04-27. https://web.archive.org/web/20160427042650/http://tass.ru/ekonomika/2176975.
  9. Web site: Национальной платёжной системе утвердили руководителя. Коммерсантъ. 2016-04-07. 2016-04-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20160416102714/http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/2523058.
  10. Web site: Информация Центрального банка РФ «О руководителе оператора Национальной системы платёжных карт». 2016-04-07. 2016-04-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20160424194439/http://www.cbr.ru/press/pr.aspx?file=11072014_185925if2014-07-11T18_54_48.htm.
  11. Web site: MasterСard договорилась о переводе транзакций на процессинг в НСПК. Ведомости. 2016-04-07. 2016-04-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20160420151543/https://www.vedomosti.ru/finance/news/2015/03/31/mastercard-perevela-protsessing-na-platformu-nspk-visa-sdelaet-eto-v-blizhaishie-mesyatsi-tsb.
  12. Web site: Карты Visa и MasterCard российских банков заработали в Крыму. РБК. 2016-04-07. 2016-06-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20160630172323/http://www.rbc.ru/finances/29/04/2015/55411f289a7947a5ba261e5b.
  13. Web site: Visa полностью перевела внутрироссийские транзакции в НСПК. ТАСС. 2015-08-16. 2015-08-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20150804180924/http://tass.ru/ekonomika/2021702.
  14. Web site: Национальная карта выйдет с Maestro. Ольга. Шестопал. Коммерсант. 2016-04-07. 2016-04-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20160407013409/http://kommersant.ru/doc/2751749.
  15. Web site: Национальная система платёжных карт будет выпускать карты вместе с JCB. РБК. 2016-04-07. 2015-10-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20151001060852/http://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/559bb1699a794713a7bdb9e0.
  16. Web site: НСПК и American Express договорились о выпуске карт «Мир». РБК. 2015-08-16. 2016-03-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20160305221346/http://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/55ace0e39a7947511a0959ec.
  17. Web site: 2015-12-15 . НСПК выпустила первые платёжные карты «Мир» . https://web.archive.org/web/20151223113107/http://www.forbes.ru/news/308399-nspk-vypustila-pervye-platezhnye-karty-mir . 2015-12-23 . 2015-12-15 . Forbes Russia.
  18. Web site: Система "Мир" присоединилась к стандартам безопасности Visa и Masterсard. 2017-05-16. РИА Новости. ru. 2019-02-19. 2019-02-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20190220063015/https://ria.ru/20170516/1494385610.html.
  19. Web site: ru. Visa и MasterCard прекращают работу в России. CNews.ru. 2022-03-09. 2022-03-08. https://web.archive.org/web/20220308212415/https://www.cnews.ru/news/top/2022-03-06_visa_i_mastercard_prekrashchayut_rabotu.
  20. Web site: en. American Express Suspends Operations in Russia and Belarus. about.americanexpress.com. 2022-03-10. 2022-03-06. https://web.archive.org/web/20220306175734/https://about.americanexpress.com/all-news/news-details/2022/American-Express-Suspends-Operations-in-Russia-and-Belarus/default.aspx.
  21. Web site: Доля карт "Мир" в карточных операциях в РФ в I полугодии выросла до 49,4%. ru. Интерфакс. 2023-10-30. 2023-11-09. 2023-11-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20231107095543/https://www.interfax.ru/business/928306. live.
  22. Web site: НСПК пояснила, как будут работать карты Mastercard и Visa "санкционных" банков РФ. ru. Интерфакс. 2022-02-26. 2023-11-09. 2023-11-09. https://web.archive.org/web/20231109105554/https://www.interfax.ru/business/824835. live.
  23. Web site: Прибыль Национальной системы платежных карт за год выросла в 2,6 раза. Expert.ru. 2023-05-03. 2023-05-03. https://web.archive.org/web/20230503131201/https://expert.ru/2023/05/2/pribyl-natsionalnoy-sistemy-platezhnykh-kart-za-god-vyrosla-v-26-raza/.
  24. Web site: Чистая прибыль НСПК по РСБУ в 2022 году увеличилась в 2,58 раза. TACC. 2023-11-02. 2023-11-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20231102180934/https://tass.ru/ekonomika/17656929. live.
  25. Web site: Глава НСПК назвал свой уход из компании согласованным решением с ЦБ. ru. РБК. 2023-12-29. 2024-05-30. 2024-05-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20240530081259/https://www.rbc.ru/finances/29/12/2023/658c28f59a7947d962e7f1da. live.
  26. Web site: Глава НСПК Комлев заявил, что его уход из компании был взвешенным решением. ru. Коммерсантъ. 2023-12-29. 2024-05-30. 2024-05-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20240530081309/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/6428937. live.
  27. Web site: Состоялось заседание Национального финансового совета Банк России. ru. Официальный сайт ЦБ РФ. 2024-05-30. 2024-05-30. 2024-05-30. https://web.archive.org/web/20240530081310/https://cbr.ru/press/pr/?file=638526600216400559TODAY.htm. live.
  28. Web site: Дмитрий Дубынин возглавит НСПК. Банковское обозрение. 2024-05-30. 2024-05-30. 2024-05-31. https://web.archive.org/web/20240531013311/https://bosfera.ru/press-release/dmitriy-dubynin-vozglavit-nspk. live.
  29. Web site: Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2015 год. 2022-07-19. 2017-07-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20170719114954/http://nspk.ru/upload/iblock/208/Отчетность%20НСПК%202015.pdf.
  30. Web site: Годовая бухгалтерская (финансовая) отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2016 год. www.nspk.ru. 2019-01-03. 2017-07-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20170719103039/http://nspk.ru/upload/iblock/17e/Отчетность-НСПК-за-2016-год.pdf.
  31. Web site: Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2017 год. www.nspk.ru. 2019-01-03. 2020-05-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20200529042505/https://www.nspk.ru/upload/iblock/5b7/Отчетность%20НСПК%20за%202017%20год.pdf.
  32. Web site: Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2018 год. www.nspk.ru. 2019-04-02. 2020-05-29. https://web.archive.org/web/20200529042505/https://www.nspk.ru/upload/iblock/f62/Отчетность%20НСПК%20за%202018%20год.pdf.
  33. Web site: Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2019 год. www.nspk.ru. 2020-04-18.
  34. Web site: Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2020 год. 2022-07-19. 2021-08-10. https://web.archive.org/web/20210810051549/https://www.nspk.ru/upload/iblock/b9a/АЗ+Бух.отчетность+Пояснительная%202020.pdf.
  35. Web site: Национальная система платежных карт в 2022 году увеличила чистую прибыль по РСБУ в 2,5 раза. ru. Интерфакс. 2023-05-02. 2023-10-04. 2023-06-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20230615184627/https://www.interfax.ru/business/898620.
  36. Web site: Указание Центрального банка РФ от 16 декабря 2014 г. N 3493-У «Об организации взаимодействия и получении операционных услуг и услуг платёжного клиринга по переводам денежных средств с использованием международных платёжных карт». 2016-04-07. https://web.archive.org/web/20160424211957/http://www.cbr.ru/psystem/p-sys/3493-u.pdf. 2016-04-24.
  37. Web site: НСПК и MasterCard подписали соглашение о выпуске кобейджинговой карты. Интерфакс. 2016-04-07. 2016-04-20. https://web.archive.org/web/20160420143248/http://www.interfax.ru/business/448581.
  38. Web site: 2015-12-22 . Семь российских банков начали выпуск карты платежной системы "Мир" . 2024-10-06 . Российская газета . ru.
  39. Web site: China UnionPay и российская НСПК "Мир" выпустят совместные карты. 韦怡琳. 2016-09-15. CCTV. 2016-09-22. https://web.archive.org/web/20160922012405/http://russian.cctv.com/2016/09/15/VIDExVicK19h8q64MoWUSc81160915.shtml.
  40. Web site: РСХБ первым в России выпустил кобейджинговую карту «Мир-UnionPay». Коммерсантъ. 2017-07-10. 2017-07-20. 2017-07-13. https://web.archive.org/web/20170713080441/https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3351193.
  41. Web site: Карты JCB Россия. JCB. 2021-11-16. 2021-11-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20211116034355/http://www.ru.jcb/ru/products/cards/.
  42. Web site: «Первая национальная платёжная карта России получит название «Мир». РБК. 2016-04-07. 2016-05-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20160501190137/http://www.rbc.ru/finances/23/05/2015/55601b359a794745c9c2c14a.
  43. Web site: НСПК доработала логотип платёжной системы «Мир». РБК. 2016-04-07. 2015-10-15. https://web.archive.org/web/20151015231733/http://www.rbc.ru/rbcfreenews/55a7aca89a794745a8f294cd.
  44. Web site: НСПК утвердила правила и тарифы национальной системы платёжных карт. ПЛАС. 2016-04-07. 2016-04-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20160424032922/http://www.plusworld.ru/daily/nspk-utverdila-pravila-i-tarifi-nacionalnoy-sistemi-platejnih-kart/.
  45. Web site: Карты «Мир». НСПК. 2023-02-22. 2023-02-19. https://web.archive.org/web/20230219051930/https://mironline.ru/about-card/.
  46. Web site: Официальный сайт платёжной системы «Мир». НСПК. 2023-02-22. 2022-07-21. https://web.archive.org/web/20220721214017/https://mironline.ru/about-card/receiving-and-maintaining/.
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  48. Web site: Объем эмиссии карт "Мир" вырос до 228,4 млн штук. TACC. 2023-11-07. 2023-09-01. https://web.archive.org/web/20230901205559/https://tass.ru/ekonomika/18638561. live.
  49. Web site: Платёжная система «Мир» запустила свой сервис бесконтактной оплаты. 2019-03-04. 2019-03-04. https://web.archive.org/web/20190304145654/https://www.vedomosti.ru/finance/news/2019/03/04/795567-mir-pay.
  50. Web site: В России запустили систему быстрых платежей. 2019-01-30. 2019-04-16. https://web.archive.org/web/20190416045007/https://rg.ru/2019/01/28/v-rossii-zapustili-sistemu-bystryh-platezhej.html.
  51. Web site: Новая лояльность: ритейлеры введут скидки при оплате через СБП. ru. Известия. 2019-12-27. 2023-10-04. 2023-10-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20231005153546/https://iz.ru/958123/natalia-ilina/novaia-loialnost-riteilery-vvedut-skidki-pri-oplate-cherez-sbp.
  52. Web site: Wildberries первым в онлайне в России запустил QR-платежи на сайте. ru. РБК. 2019-10-30. 2023-10-04. 2023-06-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20230602212556/https://www.rbc.ru/finances/30/10/2019/5db843059a7947ead0297d2e.
  53. Web site: В ГИС ЖКХ провели первый платеж через систему быстрых платежей. ru. Российская газета. 2019-10-09. 2023-10-04. 2023-10-05. https://web.archive.org/web/20231005175214/https://rg.ru/2019/10/09/v-gis-zhkh-proveli-pervyj-platezh-cherez-sistemu-bystryh-platezhej.html.
  54. News: 2024-10-06. BBC News Русская служба. "Мир" теряет партнеров. Какие страны перестали обслуживать российские карты. ru.
  55. Web site: Минфин США ввел масштабные санкции против российских компаний и частных лиц, приуроченные ко второй годовщине войны и гибели Навального. ru. The Insider. 2024-02-25. 2024-02-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20240224214004/https://theins.ru/news/269427. live.
  56. Web site: США отрезали от мировой финансовой системы оператора карт «Мир» и еще 9 российских банков. ru. Русская служба The Moscow Times. 2024-02-23. 2024-02-25. 2024-02-24. https://web.archive.org/web/20240224220034/https://www.moscowtimes.io/2024/02/23/ssha-otrezali-otmirovoi-finansovoi-sistemi-operatora-kart-mir-iesche-9-rossiiskih-bankov-a122562. live.

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