The National Location Code (NLC) is a four-digit number allocated to every railway station and ticket issuing point in Great Britain for use with the ticketing system on the British railway network. They are used in the issue of tickets and for accounting purposes. They are a subset of the NLCs created by British Rail, which are based on four "main" digits plus two supplementary digits.
NLCs were introduced as a method of accounting for and attributing costs and revenue to railway assets. This quotation is taken from the 14th Edition (January 1987) of the National Location Code listing book, published by the British Railways Board:
"With the widespread use of computers within British Railways and the advent of national computer systems for dealing with payroll compilation, stores recording and accounting, wagon control, traffic data, revenue and expenditure accounting, market and traffic surveys etc., the need for a standard location code became increasingly important. In order to meet this need, the Regions were asked in November 1966 to revise and update the publication then known as the Terminals and Mileage Gazetteer Code. At the same time the opportunity was taken to include all sidings, yards, depots, offices, administrative centres, etc., where there is 'railway' activity. [...] A file was developed based on a six-digit code known as the British Railways National Location Code. This was [first] published on 1 January 1968."
Each six-digit code is split into two parts: the first four digits identify the location of the asset or cost centre, and the final two give more information about the specific asset.[1] The "base" location (including all stations and ticket-issuing locations) has 00 after the first four digits; other two-digit combinations signify other types of asset, with the first four digits indicating the "base" location to which they relate. In ticket issuing, only the first four digits are used. Some examples:
In the 1960s and 1970s, there were various ticket issuing systems in use, some quite localised. Some had simple numerical code structures covering a limited number of stations in the relevant area, but there was no universal coding system to identify stations until the NLC was introduced. NLCs began to appear on certain types of ticket (such as the Southern Region mainstay, the NCR21) almost immediately.
With the introduction of the fully computerised INTIS (Intermediate Ticket Issuing System) in the early 1980s, the four-digit version of the NLC became fully established. INTIS tickets were partly pre-printed, and the station name printed on the ticket had the NLC next to it. The machine printed the codes of the "origin" and "destination" stations on the top line of the ticket.
INTIS was superseded by APTIS in 1986; the latter became the universal ticket office system for the next 15–20 years, with the last APTIS machines removed in March 2007. APTIS tickets had the NLC of the station of issue printed on their second line, irrespective of whether the journey started there - so for example, a ticket issued at Brighton (NLC 5268) for a journey from Gatwick Airport to London Victoria had 5268.
An NLC covered the station and all of its associated accounting activities; it was on everything from tickets issued from self-service ticket machines to ticket office staff wage slips. Where stations on the same site needed to be treated as separate entities, they were allocated different codes. When London Waterloo's East (serving South Eastern Division destinations) began in the late 1980s to be considered as a separate station from the main London Waterloo (NLC 5598), its self-service machines got their own code, 5158. Revenue could then be apportioned correctly to the relevant Division, and, after privatisation, the correct Train Operating Company (TOC).
After the railway network was privatised in the mid-1990s, there was a need for additional NLCs to be created:
In 1998, Brighton was supplied with two wall-mounted touch-screen machines by Cubic Transportation Systems, Inc., issuing a limited range of tickets by credit card only; code 8882 was given to these. Subsequently, these (and the erstwhile Quickfare machines) were replaced by a six "FASTticket" touch-screen machines manufactured by Shere Ltd.; these bore NLC 8882 as well, whereas the ticket office machines ("SMART Terminal", supplied by Shere) used the station's original code, 5268.
Any location to which railway revenue or expenditure can be attributed was coded in the 1960s (or later, if it came into existence subsequently): codes are allocated to any location, be it fixed or mobile, that can issue tickets, and to any location that can have a ticket issued to it for a journey from a National Rail station. Some examples are:
When British Railways was created in 1948, it was split into six operating regions; these became five in the 1960s (Eastern, London Midland, Western, Southern and Scottish). The distribution of NLCs broadly followed this pattern.
| Series (and colour on map) | Geographical Area | Selected Examples | BR Regions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bgcolor=#FFFF00 | 1000-1999 | West Coast Main Line (southern section); West Midlands (north of Birmingham); Midland Main Line (southern section); London Marylebone-Aylesbury section of Chiltern line; Cumbrian Coast Line | 1127 Birmingham New Street; 1243 Crewe; 1444 London Euston; 1823 Derby | MR | |
| bgcolor=#964B00 | 2000-2999 | West Coast Main Line (northern section); Merseyside; Greater Manchester; North Wales Coast Line | 2118 Carlisle; 2246 Liverpool Lime Street; 2437 Holyhead; 2968 Manchester Piccadilly | MR | |
| bgcolor=#08E8DE | 3000-3999 | Great Western Main Line and associated branches; Chiltern main line; South Wales and Welsh/English border area | 3087 London Paddington; 3526 Penzance; 3607 Hereford; 3899 Cardiff Central | WR | |
| bgcolor=#00FF00 | 4000-4999 | Lines in West of England and Wales north of those in "3000" series; ex-Great Western Railway lines in West Midlands | 4222 Swansea; 4303 Aberystwyth; 4387 Shrewsbury; 4558 Stratford-upon-Avon | WR | |
| bgcolor=#FF0000 | 5000-5999 | All lines south, south-east and south-west of London | See below | SR | |
| bgcolor=#0000FF | 6000-6999 | East Coast Main Line (southern section); Great Eastern Main Line; lines in eastern England; suburban lines north and east of London; Midland Main Line (northern section) | 6121 London Kings Cross; 6417 Doncaster; 6691 Sheffield; 6861 Colchester | ER | |
| bgcolor=#FC0FC0 | 7000-7999 | East Anglia; East Coast Main Line (northern section); associated branch lines in North-east England | 7022 Cambridge; 7309 Norwich; 7728 Newcastle; 7929 Middlesbrough | ER | |
| bgcolor=#FF7518 | 8000-8999 | North and North-east England east of the Pennines, including most of Yorkshire; Highlands and north of Scotland | 8126 Hull; 8263 York; 8487 Leeds; 8976 Aberdeen | ER, ScR | |
| bgcolor=#008000 | 9000-9999 | Central and Southern Scotland, including suburban Glasgow and Edinburgh | 9039 Dundee; 9328 Edinburgh Waverley; 9555 Stranraer Harbour; 9813 Glasgow Central | ScR |
The Southern Region was divided into three divisions: South Eastern, Central and South Western based on the three pre-Grouping companies. NLCs were allocated (approximately) following these boundaries, as follows:
| Series | Geographical Area | Selected Examples | Division |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5000-5099 | Kent, mostly served from London Victoria | 5004 Ashford International; 5007 Canterbury West; 5033 Dover Priory; 5064 Bromley South | South Eastern |
| 5100-5199 | Kent, mostly served from London Charing Cross/London Bridge | 5122 Orpington; 5146 Greenwich; 5148 London Bridge; 5199 Chatham | South Eastern |
| 5200-5299 | Secondary routes in Kent and East Sussex (including Tonbridge-Hastings); East Coastway and West Coastway routes in Sussex | 5219 Hastings; 5230 Tunbridge Wells; 5268 Brighton; 5279 Worthing | South Eastern, Central |
| 5300-5399 | South London, Surrey and Sussex | 5309 Horsham; 5334 Uckfield; 5355 East Croydon; 5360 Epsom | Central |
| 5400-5499 | South London, Surrey and Sussex - overlaps with 5300 series | 5416 Gatwick Airport; 5448 Eastbourne; 5484 Crawley; 5486 East Grinstead | Central |
| 5500-5599 | Surrey and Hampshire, including Isle of Wight | 5520 Basingstoke; 5537 Portsmouth & Southsea; 5578 Wimbledon; 5598 London Waterloo | South Western |
| 5600-5699 | Surrey and Hampshire | 5623 Aldershot; 5631 Guildford; 5672 Windsor & Eton Riverside; 5685 Woking | South Western |
| 5700-5799 | South-west England, including some former Southern Region lines in Western Region territory | 5712 Westbury; 5714 Axminster; 5725 Barnstaple; 5756 Exmouth | South Western |
| 5800-5899 | London end of routes from London Waterloo to southwest England | 5838 Yeovil Junction; 5876 Bournemouth; 5883 Poole; 5899 Eastleigh | South Western |
| 5900-5999 | London end of routes from London Waterloo to southwest England; associated secondary routes and branch lines | 5924 Winchester; 5932 Southampton Central; 5961 Dorchester South; 5965 Weymouth | South Western |
Since privatisation, the need for new codes has grown so much that they have largely stopped being allocated on a geographical basis, especially where additional codes are being given to a station. Where a new station is given a geographically correct code, it is usually because the station had been planned for some time and a gap was left in the appropriate section of codes. An example is Lea Green (NLC 2339), which was proposed for many years (under the name "Marshalls Cross") before being opened in 2000. Sometimes, as at Chandler's Ford, a station is reopened with its original code after being closed. When Coleshill Parkway between Birmingham and Nuneaton was opened in 2007 it was allocated 9882, which relates geographically to Scotland.
Some quirks have always existed, however: