National Day for Truth and Reconciliation explained

Holiday Name:National Day for Truth and Reconciliation
Nickname:Orange Shirt Day
T&R Day
Longtype:National
Significance:National day to recognize the impact of the Canadian Indian residential school system
Date:September 30
Duration:1 day
Firsttime:2013 (Orange Shirt Day)
2021 (National Day for Truth and Reconciliation)
Frequency:Annual
Relatedto:National Indigenous Peoples Day
Type:National
Startedby:Phyllis Webstad

The National Day for Truth and Reconciliation (sometimes shortened to T&R Day) (NDTR; French: Journée nationale de la vérité et de la réconciliation), originally and still colloquially known as Orange Shirt Day (French: Jour du chandail orange),[1] is a Canadian holiday to recognize the legacy of the Canadian Indian residential school system.

NDTR is a statutory holiday for:[2] [3]

Orange Shirt Day was first established as an observance in 2013, as part of an effort to promote awareness and education of the residential school system and the impact it has had on Indigenous communities for over a century. The impact of the residential school system has been recognized as a cultural genocide.

The use of an orange shirt as a symbol was inspired by the accounts of Phyllis Jack Webstad, whose personal clothing—including a new orange shirt—was taken from her during her first day of residential schooling, and never returned. The orange shirt is thus used as a symbol of the forced assimilation of Indigenous children that the residential school system enforced.

The day was elevated to a statutory holiday for federal workers and workers in federally-regulated workplaces by the Parliament of Canada in 2021, and named "National Day for Truth and Reconciliation", in light of the claims of over 1,000 unmarked graves near former residential school sites.

Background

Indian residential school system

See main article: Canadian Indian residential school system. Shortly after Confederation in 1867, the ministers in the new Cabinet of Canada inherited the responsibility of advising the Crown on the treaties signed between it and the First Nations of Canada. Prime Minister John A. Macdonald was faced with a country with disparate cultures and identities and wanted to forge a new Canadian identity to unite the country and ensure its survival. It was Macdonald's goal to absorb the First Nations into the general population of Canada and extinguish their culture.[11] In 1878, he commissioned Nicholas Flood Davin to write a report about residential schools in the United States. One year later, Davin reported that only residential schools could separate aboriginal children from their parents and culture and cause them "to be merged and lost" within the nation. Davin argued that the government should work with the Christian churches to open these schools.[12] [13] [14]

Beginning in 1883, the government began funding Indian residential schools across Canada, which were run primarily by the Roman Catholic Church and the Anglican Church; but also included the United Church of Canada, the Methodist Church, and the Presbyterian Church. When the separation of children from their parents was resisted, the government responded by making school attendance compulsory in 1894 and empowered the Royal Canadian Mounted Police to seize children from reserves and bring them to the residential schools. When parents came to take their children away from the schools, the pass system was created, banning Indigenous people from leaving their reserve without a pass from an Indian agent.[15]

Conditions at the schools were rough, as schools were underfunded and the infectious disease of tuberculosis was rampant. Over the course of the system's existence—more than a century long—approximately 150,000 children were placed in residential schools nationally. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada details deaths of approximately 3,200 children in residential schools, representing a 2.1% mortality rate.[16] However, Justice Murray Sinclair, the chair of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission later stated that they only included deaths of children that they had records for and that the true number of deaths could be as high as 6,000.[17]

Most of the recorded student deaths at residential schools took place before the 1950s. The most common cause of death was tuberculosis, which was also a common cause of death among children across Canada at that time;[18] but, students also died from other causes, including other diseases, fire, accident, drowning, and hypothermia, some of which occurred while running away from school. Some residential schools had mortality rates of 30% or more. The mortality rates at residential schools were much higher than the mortality rates of Canadian children as a whole. Many deaths were the result of neglect, as schools frequently denied basic medical care or assistance to their students until just before they died; in many cases, school staff did not bother searching for missing children until the next day.[17]

Dr. Peter Bryce reported to the Department of Indian Affairs in 1897 about the high student mortality rates at residential schools due to tuberculosis. Bryce's report was leaked to journalists, prompting calls for reform from across the country. Despite this public outcry, Bryce's recommendations were largely ignored.[19] Duncan Campbell Scott, the deputy superintendent of Indian Affairs from 1913 to 1932, who supported the assimilation policy said in 1910, "it is readily acknowledged that Indian children lose their natural resistance to illness by habitating so closely in these schools and that they die at a much higher rate than in their villages. But this alone does not justify a change in the policy of this Department, which is being geared towards the final solution of our Indian Problem." In 1914 he added, "the system was open to criticism. Insufficient care was exercised in the admission of children to the schools. The well-known predisposition of Indians to tuberculosis resulted in a very large percentage of deaths among the pupils."[20]

Many schools did not communicate the news of the deaths of students to the students' families, burying the children in unmarked graves; in one-third of recorded deaths, the names of the students who had died were not recorded.[17] In some schools, sexual abuse was common and students were forced to work to help raise money for the school. Students were beaten for speaking their indigenous languages.[21]

By the 1950s, the government began to relax restrictions on the First Nations of Canada and began to work towards shutting the schools down. The government seized control of the residential schools from the churches in 1969 and, by the 1980s, only a few schools remained open, with the last school closing in 1996.[22] [23]

Truth and Reconciliation

See main article: Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. In 1986, the United Church of Canada apologized for its role in the residential school system. The Anglican church followed suit in 1992. Some Catholic organizations have apologized for their role in the residential school system and, in 2009, Pope Benedict XVI expressed sorrow for the experiences of the residential school survivors, but the Roman Catholic Church had not formally apologized for its role in the residential school system. In 2017, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau asked the Pope to issue an apology over its role in the Indian residential school system.[24] [25]

In 1991, the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples was formed to investigate the relationship between indigenous peoples in Canada, the government of Canada, and Canadian society as a whole. When its final report was presented five years later, it led the government to make a statement of reconciliation in 1998 and established the Aboriginal Healing Foundation.

Prime Minister Stephen Harper apologized in 2008, on behalf of the federal Cabinet, for the Indian residential school system and created the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada to find out what happened at the schools. The commission released its final report in 2015, which found that the Indian residential school system was an act of "cultural genocide" against the First Nations of Canada,[23] as it disrupted the ability of parents to pass on their indigenous languages to their children, leading to 70% of Canada's Aboriginal languages being classified as endangered. It found that the deliberately poor education offered at the residential school system created a poorly educated indigenous population in Canada, which impacted the incomes those students could earn as adults and the educational achievement of their children and grandchildren, who were frequently raised in low-income homes. It also found that the sexual and physical abuse received at the schools created life-long trauma in residential school survivors, trauma and abuse which was often passed down to their children and grandchildren, which continues to create victims of the residential school system today.[26]

History

History of Orange Shirt Day

Orange Shirt Day was first established as an observance in 2013, as part of an effort to promote awareness and education of the Canadian residential school system and the impact it has had on Indigenous communities for over a century.

The inspiration for Orange Shirt Day came from residential school survivor Phyllis Jack Webstad, who shared her story at a St. Joseph Mission (SJM) Residential School Commemoration Project and Reunion event held in Williams Lake, British Columbia, in the spring of 2013. Webstad recounted her first day of residential schooling at six years old, when she was stripped of her clothes, including the new orange shirt her grandmother bought her, which was never returned. The orange shirt now symbolizes how the residential school system took away the indigenous identities of its students.[27] [28] [29] [30] [31] However, the association of the colour with the First Nations goes back to antiquity, the colour represents sunshine, truth-telling, health, regeneration, strength and power.[32] [33]

Today, Orange Shirt Day exists as a legacy of the SJM Project, and September 30, the annual date of the event, signifies the time of year when Indigenous children were historically taken from their homes to residential schools. The official tagline of the day, "Every Child Matters", reminds Canadians that all peoples' cultural experiences are important.

Education on the history of residential schools and their assimilation practices are also encouraged, drawing from Webstad's experience in particular. For instance, many communities have held memorial walks, film screenings, and public lectures to raise awareness about Indigenous history.[34] Accordingly, school boards across Canada have begun to use this event to teach children about the system.[35]

Federal government recognition

Minister of Indigenous Services Jane Philpott and Minister of Indigenous and Northern Affairs Carolyn Bennett in 2017 encouraged people across Canada to participate in this commemorative and educational event.[36] The following year, the Department of Canadian Heritage and Multiculturalism announced that it was considering tabling a bill in Parliament to establish a statutory holiday that recognized the legacy of residential schools; September 30 was one of the dates considered.[37] The Heritage Committee chose Orange Shirt Day, and Georgina Jolibois submitted a private member's bill to the House of Commons, where it passed on March 21, 2019. However, the bill was unable to make it through the Senate before parliament was dissolved ahead of an election.[38] [39]

During the subsequent parliamentary session, Heritage Minister Steven Guilbeault tabled a new bill on September 29, 2020, proposing Orange Shirt Day become a national statutory holiday, similar to the previous proposal by Jolibois. The new holiday would be officially named the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation.[40] On May 28, 2021, the day after it was reported that the remains of 215 bodies (now referred to as 200 "targets of interest" by Dr. Sarah Beaulieu who performed the search)[41] were discovered in an unmarked cemetery on the grounds of the former Kamloops Indian Residential School, all parties in the House of Commons agreed to fast-track the bill, which passed in the House by unanimous consent.[42] [43] The bill passed the Senate unanimously six days later and received royal assent on June 3, 2021.[44]

On September 30, 2021, Queen Elizabeth II, Canada's head of state, issued a message marking the day:

I join with all Canadians on this first National Day for Truth and Reconciliation to reflect on the painful history that Indigenous peoples endured in residential schools in Canada and on the work that remains to heal and to continue to build an inclusive society.[45] [46]
The legislation made September 30th a statutory holiday for federal government employees and private-sector employees to whom the Canada Labour Code applies.

Controversy

National Day for Truth and Reconciliation was first observed as a federal holiday in 2021. On the first year it was observed, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau had been invited to spend the day with the Tk'emlúps te Secwépemc nation near Kamloops, B.C., near the place the first Indian residential school unmarked graves were discovered earlier that year. Trudeau ignored the invitation, and his schedule showed him having meetings in Ottawa that day. However, Trudeau instead took an unannounced private holiday in Tofino, British Columbia, attracting widespread criticism from the public and media alike.[47] [48] Kúkpi7 (Chief) Rosanne Casimir of the Tk'emlúps te Secwépemc described his lack of attendance as a "gut punch to the community."[49]

In 2023's National Truth and Reconciliation Day, Justin Trudeau said that denialism was on the rise, and the whole truth needed to be uncovered.[50]

Provincial/territorial government recognition

The governments of British Columbia, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Northwest Territories, Nunavut, Prince Edward Island, and the Yukon added September 30th to their relevant legislations as a holiday to some extent., NDTR is a statutory holiday for all workers in British Columbia, Northwest Territories, Prince Edward Island, and Yukon.

In 2021, subsequently following the federal government's creation of the new federal holiday, the Government of the Northwest Territories amended their Public Service Act to allow for NWT employees to observe the holiday that year. The following year, on June 3, 2022, the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories brought Bill 47 into force, making National Day for Truth and Reconciliation a statutory holiday for all employees in the territory.[51]

In 2021, Premier Dennis King of Prince Edward Island introduced an amendment to the Employment Standards Act to officially recognize September 30 as a provincial statutory holiday for residents, which passed on November 17 that year.[52]

In spring 2022, Commissioner of Nunavut Eva Aariak gave royal assent at the Legislative Assembly of Nunavut to make National Day for Truth and Reconciliation a holiday for territorial government employees and territorially-regulated businesses.

In November 2022, the Legislature of Yukon unanimously approved National Truth and Reconciliation Day as statutory holiday in the province. The bill was sponsored by MLA Annie Blake.[53]

In February 2023, B.C. Minister Harry Bains introduced a bill in the BC Legislature to make September 30 a paid statutory holiday in the province.[54] The legislation was passed on March 9, 2023, making National Day for Truth and Reconciliation a statutory holiday for provincial workers, via amendments to the province's Employment Standards Act.

Film and television

On October 11, 2020, CBC Television and the Aboriginal Peoples Television Network jointly aired Every Child Matters: Reconciliation Through Education, a television special produced by the National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation to mark Orange Shirt Day by highlighting the stories of various residential school survivors.[55] The special received two Canadian Screen Award nominations at the 9th Canadian Screen Awards in 2021, for Best Children's or Youth Non-Fiction Program or Series and Best Picture Editing in a Factual Program or Series (Craig Anderson, Cathy Gulkin, James Kinistino and Ken Yan).[56]

Webstad was profiled in the 2021 documentary film Returning Home.[57]

In September 2021, CBC Television aired the documentary .[58]

Official shirts

The Orange Shirt Society was founded by the people involved in the creation of Orange Shirt Day, and is headquartered in Williams Lake, British Columbia.[59] Every year, they release an official Orange Shirt Day T-shirt, which features a design by an Indigenous artist and the tagline "Every Child Matters"; proceeds from the sales of the shirt go towards the Orange Shirt Society.[60] [61]

In 2017, the supply of official orange shirts did not meet demand.[62] As a workaround, some communities created their own shirts. Designer Carey Newman made one that sold out in under two days.[63] Newman's father attended a residential school and his design commemorated this.

The Orange Shirt Society then approved of other Indigenous artists creating orange shirts. Their policy states that while they retain copyright over Orange Shirt Day, other people and organizations may make their own shirts provided that some of the profits go towards the Orange Shirt Society or other Indigenous charities and causes, and meet other technical requirements as stated on their website.[61] [64]

See also

Other Countries:

Further reading

Reading lists

External links

Orange Shirt Day

Videos

Notes and References

  1. Web site: November 8, 2018. Témoignages. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20190913234937/https://www.noscommunes.ca/DocumentViewer/fr/42-1/CHPC/reunion-130/temoignages. September 13, 2019. Permanent Committee on Canadian Heritage, House of Commons of Canada. Le Jour du chandail orange, en septembre, est une journée très importante qui gagne en popularité partout au pays..
  2. Web site: National Day for Truth and Reconciliation – is it a paid holiday? . 2023-04-08 . www.cfib-fcei.ca . September 2022 . en.
  3. News: September 11, 2021 . Indigenous business leader disappointed National Day for Truth and Reconciliation not a provincial holiday . CBC News . live . September 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210913153359/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/truth-reconciliation-stat-holiday-1.6171403 . September 13, 2021.
  4. Web site: Government of New Brunswick . Canada . September 22, 2022 . National Day for Truth and Reconciliation to be observed on Sept. 30 . 2023-12-12 . www2.gnb.ca . en.
  5. Web site: Ministry of Indigenous Relations and Reconciliation . National Day for Truth and Reconciliation - Province of British Columbia . 2023-04-08 . www2.gov.bc.ca.
  6. Web site: The Employment Standards Code Amendment and Interpretation Amendment Act (Orange Shirt Day) . 2023-12-12 . web2.gov.mb.ca.
  7. Web site: National Day for Truth and Reconciliation declared statutory holiday in Northwest Territories . 2023-04-08 . Government of Northwest Territories . en.
  8. Web site: National Day for Truth and Reconciliation Government of Nunavut . 2023-04-08 . www.gov.nu.ca.
  9. Web site: 2022-09-30 . Province observes National Day for Truth and Reconciliation . 2023-04-08 . www.princeedwardisland.ca.
  10. Web site: Yukon legislature unanimously approves Truth and Reconciliation Day as stat holiday . 2023-04-08 . Vancouver Is Awesome . November 24, 2022 . en.
  11. "The great aim of our legislation has been to do away with the tribal system and assimilate the Indian people in all respects with the other inhabitants of the Dominion as speedily as they are fit to change." John A. Macdonald, 1887 Web site: 10 quotes John A. Macdonald made about First Nations . Indigenous Corporate Training . September 23, 2020 . June 28, 2016 . April 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210418054041/https://www.ictinc.ca/blog/10-quotes-john-a.-macdonald-made-about-first-nations . live .
  12. Web site: Johnson . J.K. . Marshall . Tabitha . Sir John A. MacDonald . The Canadian Encyclopedia . Anthony Wilson-Smith . September 23, 2020 . November 28, 2017 . August 17, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210817022227/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/sir-john-alexander-macdonald . live .
  13. Web site: Davin . Nicholas F. . Report on industrial schools for Indians and half-breeds . Canadiana . September 23, 2020 . 1879 . July 20, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210720230706/https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.03651/21?r=0&s=3 . live .
  14. Web site: Sinclair . Murray . Wilson . Marie . Littlechild . Wilton . Canada's Residential Schools: The History, Part 1: Origins to 1939 . National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation . Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada . September 23, 2020 . 2015 . March 5, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170305044526/http://nctr.ca/assets/reports/Final%20Reports/Volume_1_History_Part_1_English_Web.pdf . dead .
  15. Web site: Indian Act and the Pass System . Indigenous Corporate Training . September 23, 2020 . June 23, 2015 . May 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210501052909/https://www.ictinc.ca/blog/indian-act-and-the-pass-system . live .
  16. Encyclopedia: Truth and Reconciliation Commission. The Canadian Encyclopedia. Moran. Ry. October 5, 2020. September 26, 2021. September 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210929023045/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/truth-and-reconciliation-commission. live.
  17. News: Hopper . Tristan . Why so many children died at Indian Residential Schools . National Post . Postmedia . 28 September 2021 . May 29, 2021 . October 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20211001175440/https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/newly-discovered-b-c-graves-a-grim-reminder-of-the-heartbreaking-death-toll-of-residential-schools . live .
  18. Web site: Hopper . Tristan . History of tuberculosis . Canadian Public Health Association . September 28, 2021 . September 28, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210928080322/https://www.cpha.ca/history-tuberculosis . dead .
  19. Web site: Smith . Maximilian . Peter Henderson Bryce . The Canadian Encyclopedia . 28 September 2021 . October 31, 2019 . July 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210726055444/https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/peter-henderson-bryce . live .
  20. Web site: 10 quotes John A. MacDonald made about First Nations . Indigenous Corporate Training, Inc. . 28 September 2021 . April 18, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210418054041/https://www.ictinc.ca/blog/10-quotes-john-a.-macdonald-made-about-first-nations . live .
  21. Wilson . Kory . The Indian Act . OpenText BC . September 23, 2020 . 2014 . April 10, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210410145212/https://opentextbc.ca/indigenizationfoundations/front-matter/acknowledgements/ . live .
  22. Web site: A Condensed Timeline of Events . Aboriginal Healing Foundation . September 23, 2020 . June 24, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210624111721/https://www.ahf.ca/downloads/condensed-timline.pdf . live .
  23. Web site: Sinclair . Murray . Wilson . Marie . Littlechild . Wilton . Canada's Residential Schools: The History, Part 2: 1939 to 2000 . National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation . Truth and Reconciliation Commission . September 23, 2020 . 2015 . March 26, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210326231048/http://nctr.ca/assets/reports/Final%20Reports/Volume_1_History_Part_2_English_Web.pdf . dead .
  24. Web site: The Churches Apologize . Facing History and Ourselves . September 20, 2019 . September 25, 2020 . August 14, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210814211419/https://www.facinghistory.org/stolen-lives-indigenous-peoples-canada-and-indian-residential-schools/chapter-5/churches-apologize . live .
  25. Web site: Trudeau asks Pope Francis to apologise for schools . BBC News . BBC . September 25, 2020 . May 29, 2017 . September 5, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210905224704/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-40087126 . live .
  26. Web site: Sinclair . Murray . Wilson . Marie . Littlechild . Wilton . Canada's Residential Schools: The Legacy . National Centre for Truth and Reconciliation . Truth and Reconciliation Commission . September 23, 2020 . 2015 . March 28, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210328193951/http://nctr.ca/assets/reports/Final%20Reports/Volume_5_Legacy_English_Web.pdf . dead .
  27. Web site: Phyllis (Jack) Webstad's story in her own words... . OrangeShirtDay.org . September 23, 2020 . September 30, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210930004344/https://www.orangeshirtday.org/phyllis-story.html . live .
  28. Web site: The Story of Orange Shirt Day . OrangeShirtDay.org . October 2, 2023 . September 29, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210929232016/https://www.orangeshirtday.org/about-us.html . live .
  29. News: Orange Shirt Day: How a 6-year-old's 1st day at residential school inspired a movement. CBC News. October 19, 2017. September 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210928033401/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/orange-shirt-day-1.3785597. live.
  30. Web site: Orange Shirt Day . Indian Residential School History and Dialogue Centre . University of British Columbia . September 23, 2020 . July 1, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210701135832/https://irshdc.ubc.ca/visit/events/orangeshirtday/ . dead .
  31. Web site: Sinclair . Murray . Littlechild . Wilton . Wilson . Marie . The Survivors Speak . Truth and Reconciliation Commission . September 23, 2020 . 39–45 . 2015 . August 4, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210804011502/http://www.trc.ca/assets/pdf/Survivors_Speak_English_Web.pdf . live .
  32. Web site: Commemorative promotional resources. Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. May 24, 2018. Government of Canada. July 1, 2022. July 3, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220703045157/https://rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1100100013251/1534874002459. live.
  33. Web site: Colors. First People. July 1, 2022. July 1, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220701210604/https://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/Colors-Unknown.html. live.
  34. News: Reconciliation week: Orange Shirt Day arrives early at B.C. Legislature. CBC News. October 20, 2017. May 3, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190503145230/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/reconciliation-week-orange-shirt-day-arrives-early-at-b-c-legislature-1.4301047. live.
  35. News: September 30, 2019. Sudbury schools honour Indigenous children who attended residential schools. CBC News. September 27, 2021. September 28, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210928033352/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/sudbury/cambrian-college-orange-shirt-day-1.5300343. live.
  36. Web site: Government of Canada Encourages Participation in Orange Shirt Day to Honour Residential Schools Survivors. newswire.ca. October 20, 2017. August 15, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210815194141/https://www.newswire.ca/news-releases/government-of-canada-encourages-participation-in-orange-shirt-day-to-honour-residential-schools-survivors-648704543.html. live.
  37. News: 'Another step forward': Date of proposed holiday for reconciliation still needs to be set CBC News. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. October 24, 2018. September 29, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210929073439/https://www.cbc.ca/news/indigenous/residential-schools-holiday-1.4786101. live.
  38. Web site: Hwang . Priscilla . Truth and Reconciliation Day may be Canada's next new statutory holiday . cbc.ca . Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . September 27, 2019 . March 27, 2019.
  39. Web site: Somos . Christy . Aiello . Rachel . Indigenous stat holiday bill destined to die in Senate . ctvnews.ca . September 27, 2019 . June 21, 2019 . August 15, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210815064813/https://www.ctvnews.ca/politics/indigenous-stat-holiday-bill-destined-to-die-in-senate-1.4476943 . live .
  40. News: Ballingall . Alex . Liberal government tables bill to make Sept. 30 a national holiday to remember residential schools . The Toronto Star . Jordan Bitove . October 7, 2020 . September 29, 2020 . August 13, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210813161502/https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2020/09/29/government-proposes-sept-30-as-a-national-holiday-to-remember-residential-schools.html . live .
  41. News: Anthropologist explains how she concluded 200 children were buried at the Kamloops Residential School. The Globe and Mail. July 15, 2021 . September 30, 2022. September 30, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220930023637/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-kamloops-residential-school-unmarked-graves-discovery-update/. live.
  42. News: Reynolds . Christopher . MPs fast-track bill creating national day for truth and reconciliation . The Globe and Mail . June 1, 2021 . May 28, 2021 . May 31, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210531123838/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-mps-to-fast-track-bill-creating-national-day-for-truth-and/ . live .
  43. Web site: 43rd PARLIAMENT, 2nd SESSION: JOURNALS, No. 106 . House of Commons of Canada . June 1, 2021 . May 28, 2021 . September 23, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210923155210/https://www.ourcommons.ca/DocumentViewer/en/43-2/house/sitting-106/journals . live .
  44. News: Bryden . Joan . Royal assent given to bill creating national day for truth and reconciliation . Winnipeg Free Press . Bob Cox . June 4, 2021 . June 3, 2021.
  45. Web site: Queen says she's joining Canadians to reflect on National Day for Truth and Reconciliation. November 4, 2022. November 4, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20221104195756/https://ici.radio-canada.ca/rci/en/news/1828224/queen-says-shes-joining-canadians-to-reflect-on-truth-and-reconciliation-day. live.
  46. Web site: The Queen's message to mark Canada's first National Day of Truth and Reconciliation. The Royal Family . September 30, 2021. October 18, 2021. October 18, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211018205917/https://www.royal.uk/queens-message-mark-canadas-first-national-day-truth-and-reconciliation. live.
  47. News: Truth and Reconciliation: Trudeau slammed for taking vacation. BBC News. October 2021. October 1, 2021. October 1, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211001221300/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58765502. live.
  48. News: Burke. Ashley. 1 October 2021. Trudeau travels on National Day for Truth and Reconciliation for Tofino vacation. CBC News. 2 October 2021. October 2, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20211002183558/https://www.cbc.ca/player/play/1957552195615. live.
  49. News: 2021-10-18. Trudeau visits First Nation to apologise after holiday snub. en-GB. BBC News. 2022-01-29. January 29, 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220129153555/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-58961940. live.
  50. News: 2023-10-01 . Trudeau says 'denialism' rising as nation marks holiday for indigenous reconciliation . en . Reuters . 2023-10-01.
  51. Web site: LLP . McLennan Ross . 2022-07-12 . National Day for Truth and Reconciliation Adopted as New Statutory Holiday for all Employees in the Northwest Territories . 2023-04-08 . McLennan Ross LLP . en.
  52. Chang, Arturo. 2021 September 9. "P.E.I. to recognize National Day of Truth and Reconciliation." CBC News.
  53. Web site: 2022-10-06 . National Day for Truth and Reconciliation on track to become statutory day in the Yukon . 2023-04-08 . yukon.ca.
  54. Web site: 2023-02-07 . B.C. to make National Day for Truth and Reconciliation a paid statutory holiday . 2023-04-08 . British Columbia . en.
  55. Kelly Townsend, "CBC, APTN to air special on residential school survivors" . Playback, October 9, 2020.
  56. Brent Furdyk, "Television Nominees Announced For 2021 Canadian Screen Awards, 'Schitt's Creek' Leads The Pack With 21 Nominations" . ET Canada, March 30, 2021.
  57. Monica Lamb-Yorski, "Webstad documentary Returning Home premieres at UBC" . Williams Lake Tribune, September 30, 2021.
  58. [John Doyle (critic)|John Doyle]
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  61. Web site: Orange Shirt Society Branding and Copyright Policy . OrangeShirtDay.org . Orange Shirt Society . 28 September 2021 . June 23, 2021 . September 28, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210928182709/https://www.orangeshirtday.org/branding-and-copyright-policy.html . dead .
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  63. News: 'Power of inspiration': Kwagiulth artist's Orange Shirt Day design sells out fast. CBC News. October 20, 2017. August 5, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180805021526/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/power-of-inspiration-kwagiulth-artist-s-orange-shirt-day-design-sells-out-fast-1.4303986. live.
  64. Web site: Stringer-Holden . Bridget . Where to Purchase Orange Shirts by Indigenous Designers for the National Day for Truth and Reconciliation . Vancouver Magazine . 28 September 2021 . September 15, 2021 . September 28, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210928180623/https://www.vanmag.com/Where-to-Purchase-Orange-Shirts-for-Canada-Day . live .